rifampin and Edema

We report the case of an 83-year-old man who presented with swelling of his left lower leg. Subsequent investigations revealed that the swelling was due to a Mycobacterium tuberculosis abscess in the tibialis anterior muscle.

Topics: Abscess; Aged, 80 and over; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Antitubercular Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Edema; Humans; Isoniazid; Leg; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Recurrence; Rifampin; Tuberculosis

There are several reports to demonstrate that rifampicin, a major anti-tuberculosis agent, is associated with some adverse renal effects, with a few cases of rifampicin-induced minimal change disease (MCD). In the present case, a 68-year-old female presented with nausea, vomiting, foamy urine, general weakness and edema. She had been taking rifampicin for 4 weeks due to pleural tuberculosis. The patient had no proteinuria before the anti-tuberculosis agents were started, but urine tests upon admission showed heavy proteinuria with a 24-h urinary protein of 9.2 g/day, and serum creatinine, albumin, and total cholesterol levels were 1.36 mg/dL, 2.40 g/dL, and 283 mg/dL, respectively. MCD was diagnosed, and the patient achieved complete remission after cessation of rifampicin without undergoing steroid therapy.

Topics: Aged; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Edema; Female; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Glomerulus; Nausea; Nephrosis, Lipoid; Proteinuria; Remission Induction; Rifampin; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pleural

Severe oedematous forms of Buruli ulcer (BU) often result in extensive tissue destruction, even with the institution of appropriate antibiotic treatment, leading to reconstructive surgery and long-term disability. We report a case of a patient with severe oedematous BU, which describes for the first time the pre-emptive use of prednisolone therapy commenced at the time of antibiotic initiation aimed at limiting the ongoing tissue destruction and its secondary sequelae.. A 91-year-old Australian-born Caucasian woman presented with a WHO category 3 oedematous BU lesion on the anterior aspect of her right ankle that she had first noticed three weeks earlier. Treatment was commenced with an antibiotic combination of rifampicin and ciprofloxacin. At the same time, pre-emptive prednisolone was commenced (a dose of 0.5mg/kg daily). Treatment resulted in rapid and significant reduction in the size of the induration associated with the lesion, and no significant increase in the size of the skin ulceration. Antibiotics were continued for 56 days and prednisolone therapy ceased 130 days after antibiotics commenced. No surgery was required. The wound healed completely after 10 months and there was no long-term limitation of movement at the ankle joint.. Pre-emptive corticosteroid therapy may prevent further progressive tissue necrosis and the need for secondary reconstructive surgery that commonly occurs during the antibiotic treatment of severe odematous forms of BU.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Buruli Ulcer; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Female; Humans; Prednisolone; Rifampin

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema (RS3PE syndrome) is a very rare condition incorporating a tenosynovitis of the hands and wrists, as well as the feet, ankles and shoulders. The aetiology of RS3PE syndrome is unknown, although it has been linked with infectious agents (including mycobacteria), other rheumatological conditions, HLA serotypes and malignancies.. This report examines the case of a 72-year-old man with a heart transplant and infected knee prosthesis, who developed RS3PE syndrome after introducing antibiotic treatment with rifampicin. His symptoms resolved with cessation of this agent.. This case demonstrates a possible direct aetiological link between rifampicin and RS3PE.

Topics: Aged; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Edema; Humans; Knee Prosthesis; Male; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Rifampin; Syndrome; Synovitis; Tenosynovitis

Osteoarticular pathology in leprosy is common and described at all stages, but rarely as the most evident clinical manifestation. We report a case of borderline lepromatous leprosy with initial and disabling hands edema. The swollen hands syndrome is probably due to chronic Mycobacterium leprae tenosynovitis.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dapsone; Edema; Hand Injuries; Humans; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Male; Mycobacterium leprae; Rifampin; Syndrome; Synovitis

Tuberculosis is common in India, but the co-occurrence of intracranial and intramedullary tuberculomas as a manifestation of central nervous system tuberculosis is extremely rare in children. We report a case of concurrent intracranial and lumbar intramedullary tuberculomas in a 6-year-old girl. The child developed the intracranial and intramedullary tuberculomas while on antituberculous therapy for previously diagnosed tuberculous meningitis. The child improved well on antituberculous drugs and neurosurgical excision of the lumbar lesion. Histopathology confirmed tuberculous etiology of the intramedullary lesion.

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Brain; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Lumbar Vertebrae; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Rifampin; Spinal Cord; Spinal Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculoma; Tuberculoma, Intracranial

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Juvenile; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Humans; Infant; Isoniazid; Knee; Knee Joint; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular

We report a case of a four-year-old Angolan boy with the edematous form of Buruli ulcer on the face and scalp, who was treated at a rural hospital in the Bas-Congo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Treatment consisted of a series of surgical interventions and antimycobacterial chemotherapy (rifampin and ciprofloxacin) for two months. This case demonstrates the diagnostic and management difficulties of an edematous lesion of BU on the face and suggests an enhancement of healing and limitation of extent of excision by specific antibiotherapy. The outcome in this patient also underscores the importance of prompt referral of suspected cases and training of health professionals in the early diagnosis of BU.

Topics: Angola; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Buruli Ulcer; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Edema; Humans; Male; Mycobacterium ulcerans; Necrosis; Rifampin; Treatment Outcome

A 67-year-old man, who had widespread and well-defined erythematous violaceous hyperkeratotic plaques on his skin, was diagnosed with borderline tuberculoid leprosy. The patient began treatment with clofazimine, rifampicin, and dapsone, but 15 days afterwards he complained of acral edema with godet sign. Magnetic resonance imaging was done, and the case was interpreted as remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema. About 8 mg/day of methylprednisolone were started with excellent response.

Topics: Aged; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Foot; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Methylprednisolone; Rifampin; Synovitis; Treatment Outcome

Unlike the brain tuberculoma, tubercular osteomyelitis of the skull is very rare and not sufficiently described in the literature. Awareness of this entity makes diagnosis possible.. Two unique cases of cranial and epidural tuberculosis (TB) with absence of intradural and brain involvement are presented. Both patients presented with scalp swellings but extending through the calvarium into the epidural space. Histologic/bacteriologic confirmation of tuberculosis was obtained from biopsy specimens. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of this rare lesion are described for the first time.. Inflammatory scalp lesions with skull involvement and epidural extension should be investigated for tuberculous etiology. With early diagnosis and a combination of surgical and medical management, all cases of skull tuberculosis are potentially curable.

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Epidural Space; Ethambutol; Frontal Bone; Humans; Isoniazid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Parietal Bone; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Scalp; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular

Topics: Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Foot Diseases; Humans; Leprosy, Borderline; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Toes

The use of rifampin and clofazimine ointments alone and in combination over the patches of tuberculoid patients had a beneficial effect. In combination (rifampin and clofazimine), erythema, inflammation, and edema are considerably reduced. For some of the cases with a recent appearance of a patch, the patch completely disappeared. It is suggested that topical therapy with rifampin and clofazimine ointments would be economical and beneficial in tuberculoid leprosy.

Topics: Clofazimine; Dermatitis; Drug Combinations; Edema; Erythema; Humans; Leprosy, Tuberculoid; Ointments; Rifampin

An acute overdose of rifampicin in an 18 month old white infant is described. The characteristic signs of the syndrome: orange-red discolouration of the skin, urine, and tears, facial pruritus, and periorbital oedema were present and the outcome was uneventful. Paediatricians should be aware of this peculiar yet easily identifiable syndrome.

Topics: Drug Eruptions; Edema; Face; Female; Humans; Infant; Pigmentation Disorders; Pruritus; Rifampin; Syndrome

A cluster of toxic reactions among children inadvertently given excessive doses of rifampin for chemoprophylaxis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in a day-care center was investigated. In all 19 children, who received five times the therapeutic dose of rifampin, dramatic adverse reactions developed. A striking, "glowing" red discoloration of the skin and facial or periorbital edema were found to be the hallmarks of rifampin toxicity. These clinical signs of acute toxicity contrast sharply with the adverse side effects of rifampin reported with therapeutic doses.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child Day Care Centers; Child, Preschool; Edema; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Male; Medication Errors; Pigmentation Disorders; Rifampin; Scalp Dermatoses; Skin Diseases; Vomiting

A systematic study was performed on the reactions occurring during several short-course therapy regimens for the treatment of paucibacillary and multibacillary patients. Most type 1 upgrading reactions in paucibacillary (PB) leprosy were mild to moderate and of short duration, while the time of onset was extremely variable. Their incidence was higher in the regimen rifampin (RMP) 900 mg once weekly for ten weeks than when a single dose of RMP 40 mg/kg body weight was given or 1500 mg in one dose followed by one year of dapsone (DDS) 100 mg daily. In multibacillary (MB) leprosy, three regimens were compared: MB-WHO regimen; regimen C, consisting of daily RMP 600 mg, ethionamide (ETH) 500 mg, and DDS or clofazimine (CLO) 100 mg for six months, followed by six months of daily DDS or CLO; and regimen D, identical to regimen C but comprising daily DDS or CLO plus ETH 500 mg during the second semester. Type 1 upgrading reactions occurred more frequently in MB patients and were more severe than in PB patients. They occurred more frequently and were more severe in regimens C and D than in the MB-WHO regimen. CLO 100 mg daily prevented type 1 reactions in MB patients and rendered them less severe. ENL was also more frequent in regimens C and D and was not prevented by CLO in the dosage used. Although there is some correlation between type 1 reactions and the total amount of RMP administered, other aspects of RMP administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Child; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Erythema Nodosum; Ethionamide; Female; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Male; Neuritis; Prospective Studies; Rifampin

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cornea; Edema; Eye Foreign Bodies; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Ophthalmic Solutions; Ophthalmoscopy; Rifampin; Species Specificity; Visual Acuity

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Arthritis; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Chloramphenicol; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Drug Antagonism; Edema; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Male; Mefenamic Acid; Mercaptopurine; Nystatin; Phenylacetates; Phenylbutazone; Prednisolone; Rats; Rifampin; Triamcinolone