rifampin and Dyspnea

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Eruptions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Jaundice; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Rifampin; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

This paper reports the nature, incidence, and severity of adverse reactions to regimens of rifampicin and ethambutol given once weekly, twice weekly, or daily and to a standard reserve regimen in a total of 330 Chinese failure patients who completed at least six months' chemotherapy in a therapeutic comparison in Hong Kong.The adverse reactions which occurred on the regimens of intermittent rifampicin were termed cutaneous, abdominal, "flu", and respiratory; in addition, purpura and abnormal liver function tests were encountered. There was an association of adverse reactions with the interval between doses and with the dose size of rifampicin, the highest incidence occurring with once-weekly rifampicin in high dosage. A procedure was developed for managing adverse reactions to intermittent rifampicin. Of 202 patients treated with intermittent rifampicin 60 developed adverse reactions, but in only 7 (3%) was it necessary to terminate the drug, though a further 10 (5%) were changed to daily rifampicin. On daily rifampicin, generalized hypersensitivity, cutaneous reactions, (one with purpura), and impaired liver function were encountered. Adverse reactions on the standard ethionamide, pyrazinamide, and cycloserine regimen were frequent and some were serious.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Antitubercular Agents; Bone Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colic; Drug Eruptions; Dyspnea; Ethambutol; Fever; Hong Kong; Humans; Jaundice; Purpura; Rifampin; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchiectasis; Chest Pain; Clarithromycin; Cough; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Ethambutol; Humans; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Rifampin; Tracheobronchomegaly; Veterans

Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Allografts; Aorta; Aortic Rupture; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Chest Pain; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Dyspnea; Endocarditis; Gentamicins; Heart Murmurs; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Nafcillin; Pericardial Effusion; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus lugdunensis; Vancomycin; Vascular Grafting

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Chest Pain; Confusion; Cough; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyspnea; Dysuria; Female; Floxacillin; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Rifampin; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Infections; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Aged; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; China; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Dyspnea; Emigrants and Immigrants; Humans; Lung; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pleural Effusion; Predictive Value of Tests; Recurrence; Rifampin; San Francisco; Sputum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Cough; Dyspnea; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Thorax; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trachea; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Disease Progression; Dyspnea; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Mediastinum; Pericarditis, Tuberculous; Pyrazinamide; Radiography; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Combined Modality Therapy; Device Removal; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Femoral Neck Fractures; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Ofloxacin; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Miliary

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Emergencies; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

A 37-year-old patient with cephalgia and fever after his return from Mexico is reported. Due to persistently elevated transaminases, a liver biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed hepatic involvement of a granulomatous disease. Serologic analyses detected anti-Brucella IgM. The suspected diagnosis was thus brucellosis taking the typical anamnesis into account. Treatment with rifampicin and doxycycline led to a complete convalescence of the patient.. Brucellosis is an anthropozoonosis that exists worldwide. Potential sources of infection are uncooked or unpasteurized milk and milk products of infected animals. Complete cure of most brucellosis-infected patients can be achieved by an early and adequate antibiotic treatment.

Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biopsy; Brucella; Brucellosis; Combined Modality Therapy; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Fever of Unknown Origin; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mexico; Rifampin; Travel; Ultrasonography, Interventional

In the Netherlands, brucellosis is uncommon. Diagnosis is difficult and frequently delayed. We present three patients with back pain and/or arthralgia caused by brucellosis. We emphasise the importance of considering brucellosis in patients returning from a stay in a rural area of an endemic country, who present with osteoarticular symptoms and signs of chronic inflammation. Clues to the diagnosis come from a thorough medical history.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthralgia; Back Pain; Brucellosis; Ciprofloxacin; Diagnosis, Differential; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Rifampin; Turkey

The use of anthrax as a weapon of biological terrorism has moved from theory to reality in recent weeks. Following processing of a letter containing anthrax spores that had been mailed to a US senator, 5 cases of inhalational anthrax have occurred among postal workers employed at a major postal facility in Washington, DC. This report details the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and initial therapy of 2 of these patients. The clinical course is in some ways different from what has been described as the classic pattern for inhalational anthrax. One patient developed low-grade fever, chills, cough, and malaise 3 days prior to admission, and then progressive dyspnea and cough productive of blood-tinged sputum on the day of admission. The other patient developed progressively worsening headache of 3 days' duration, along with nausea, chills, and night sweats, but no respiratory symptoms, on the day of admission. Both patients had abnormal findings on chest radiographs. Non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest showing mediastinal adenopathy led to a presumptive diagnosis of inhalational anthrax in both cases. The diagnoses were confirmed by blood cultures and polymerase chain reaction testing. Treatment with antibiotics, including intravenous ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and clindamycin, and supportive therapy appears to have slowed the progression of inhalational anthrax and has resulted to date in survival.

Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Blood; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; District of Columbia; Dyspnea; Fever; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Mediastinal Diseases; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Pleural Effusion; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Postal Service; Radiography, Thoracic; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rifampin; Spores, Bacterial; Survivors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Cycloserine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Ethambutol; Ethionamide; Fever; Follow-Up Studies; Headache; Humans; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Antibody Formation; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Dyspnea; Ethambutol; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Liver Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary