rifampin and Coronavirus-Infections

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mainly affects the lungs. Sarcoidosis is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by the diffusion of granulomas in the lungs and other organs. Here, we discuss how the two diseases might involve some common mechanistic cellular pathways around the regulation of autophagy.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Autophagy; Azithromycin; Betacoronavirus; Chloroquine; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Isoniazid; Lung; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Pulmonary Edema; Rifampin; Sarcoidosis; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Severity of Illness Index

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Humans; Molecular Conformation; Pandemics; Phylogeny; Pneumonia, Viral; Rifampin; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; SARS-CoV-2; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Virginiamycin; Virus Replication

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Clofazimine; Cognitive Dysfunction; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Dapsone; Humans; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; Leprosy; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Pandemics; Parkinsonian Disorders; Pneumonia, Viral; Rifampin; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Toll-Like Receptor 2

BACKGROUND Rifampicin-induced pneumonitis is an infrequent occurrence, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Furthermore, this condition constitutes a diagnostic challenge, particularly in the era of COVID-19 infection. Here, we report a case of rifampicin-induced pneumonitis with clinical, imaging, and histological features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which required severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing to exclude a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. CASE REPORT A 43-year-old man on anti-TB treatment for TB meningitis developed new-onset fever, fatigue, hypoxemic respiratory failure, and bilateral pulmonary opacities. His clinical, chest X-ray, and CT thorax findings of ARDS were similar to both rifampicin-induced pneumonitis and severe COVID-19 pneumonia. However, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing from a nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) via the GeneXpert system was negative for SARS-CoV-2. A detailed workup, including lung biopsy, revealed drug-induced pneumonitis as the cause of his presentation. His pneumonitis improved after discontinuation of rifampicin and recurred following the rifampicin challenge. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of early, rapid, and accurate testing for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic for patients presenting with acute respiratory symptoms, so that accurate diagnosis and early patient management are not delayed for patients with treatable causes of acute and severe lung diseases. Timely identification of rifampicin-induced pneumonitis via a high clinical suspicion, detailed workup, and histopathological analysis is required to avoid permanent damage to the lungs.

Topics: Adult; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Rifampin; SARS-CoV-2; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Coinfection; Comorbidity; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Drug Interactions; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prevalence; Rifampin; SARS-CoV-2; Survival Analysis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; United States

The pandemic prevalence of COVID-19 has become a very serious global health issue. Scientists all over the world have been seriously attempting in the discovery of a drug to combat SARS-CoV-2. It has been found that RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 replication, and thus could be a potential drug target. Here, comprehensive computational approaches including drug repurposing and molecular docking were employed to predict an effective drug candidate targeting RdRp of SARS-CoV-2. This study revealed that Rifabutin, Rifapentine, Fidaxomicin, 7-methyl-guanosine-5'-triphosphate-5'-guanosine and Ivermectin have a potential inhibitory interaction with RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 and could be effective drugs for COVID-19. In addition, virtual screening of the compounds from ZINC database also allowed the prediction of two compounds (ZINC09128258 and ZINC09883305) with pharmacophore features that interact effectively with RdRp of SARS-CoV-2, indicating their potentiality as effective inhibitors of the enzyme. Furthermore, ADME analysis along with analysis of toxicity was also undertaken to check the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of the two compounds. Comparative structural analysis of protein-inhibitor complexes revealed that the amino acids Y32, K47, Y122, Y129, H133, N138, D140, T141, S709 and N781 are crucial for drug surface hotspot in the RdRp of SARS-CoV-2.

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Drug Repositioning; Fidaxomicin; Humans; Ivermectin; Molecular Docking Simulation; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Rifabutin; Rifampin; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; SARS-CoV-2; Virus Replication