rifampin and Conjunctivitis

Persistent conjunctival carriage of the Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Hae) strain (BPF clone) responsible for Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) has been documented. Topical chloramphenicol is routinely used to treat conjunctivitis in areas affected by BPF in Brazil. Although the BPF clone is susceptible to chloramphenicol, we observed a number of children treated with topical chloramphenicol for conjunctivitis who still developed BPF. During an investigation of an outbreak of BPF in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, we compared oral rifampin (20 mg/kg/day for 4 days) with topical chloramphenicol for eradication of conjunctival carriage of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius among children with presumed BPF clone conjunctivitis. Conjunctival samples were taken for culture on the day treatment was initiated and a mean of 8 and 21 days later. At 8 days the eradication rates for oral rifampin and topical chloramphenicol were 100 and 44%, respectively (P = 0.003); at 21 days they were 100 and 50% (P = 0.01). Oral rifampin was more effective than topical chloramphenicol for eradication of the BPF clone and may be useful in prevention of BPF.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Brazil; Carrier State; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Male; Oropharynx; Purpura; Rifampin; Species Specificity

An open trial was carried out on 63 patients in London to assess the efficacy of 1% rifampicin eye ointment in comparison with 1% chloramphenicol eye ointment in the treatment of sexually transmitted TRIC infection of the eye. Patients included were selected on the basis of positive cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis. Three weeks' treatment with rifampicin eye ointment used 3 times daily was not sufficient to cure the disease, but a 6 or 7 week course gave 90% clinical and microbiological cure rate. Treatment with chloramphenicol eye ointment 3 times daily for 4 to 6 weeks failed to cure the disease.

Topics: Adult; Chloramphenicol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctivitis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Trachoma

Topics: Adenoviridae; Administration, Oral; Animals; Bacteria; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctivitis; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Diseases; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Tuberculosis; Vaccinia; Vaccinia virus

Topics: Aged; Animals; Aqueous Humor; Cataract; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctivitis; Cornea; Dacryocystitis; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Humans; Iritis; Keratitis; Middle Aged; Rabbits; Retinal Detachment; Retinitis; Rifampin; Uveitis, Anterior; Vitreous Body

Topics: Adolescent; Antitubercular Agents; Conjunctivitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Ethambutol; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Prednisolone; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Conjunctivitis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Methicillin; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Orbital Diseases; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tobramycin; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vancomycin

We present three cases of primary meningococcal conjunctivitis associated with systemic sepsis. The management of such patients should include combined topical and parenteral therapy with appropriate chemoprophylaxis for close contacts of cases.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Contact Tracing; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningococcal Infections; Penicillin G; Rifampin

Topics: Adult; Conjunctivitis; Humans; Male; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Conjunctivitis; Humans; Rifampin

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Conjunctivitis; Humans; Infections; Penicillins; Rifampin