rifampin and Cerebellar-Diseases

Structure-activity relationship studies were carried out by chemical modification of manzamine A (1), 8-hydroxymanzamine A (2), manzamine F (14), and ircinal isolated from the sponge Acanthostrongylophora. The derived analogues were evaluated for antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antineuroinflammatory activities. Several modified products exhibited potent and improved in vitro antineuroinflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activity. 1 showed improved activity against malaria compared to chloroquine in both multi- and single-dose in vivo experiments. The significant antimalarial potential was revealed by a 100% cure rate of malaria in mice with one administration of 100 mg/kg of 1. The potent antineuroinflammatory activity of the manzamines will provide great benefit for the prevention and treatment of cerebral infections (e.g., Cryptococcus and Plasmodium). In addition, 1 was shown to permeate across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in an in vitro model using a MDR-MDCK monolayer. Docking studies support that 2 binds to the ATP-noncompetitive pocket of glycogen synthesis kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), which is a putative target of manzamines. On the basis of the results presented here, it will be possible to initiate rational drug design efforts around this natural product scaffold for the treatment of several different diseases.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Carbazoles; Cerebellar Diseases; Indole Alkaloids; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Neurogenic Inflammation; Porifera; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Brain Abscess; Cerebellar Diseases; Combined Modality Therapy; Craniotomy; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mediastinum; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

Delayed complications associated with sublaminar and interspinous wiring in the pediatric cervical spine are rare. The authors present a case of delayed complication in which a cervical fusion wire migrated into the cerebellum, causing subsequent cerebellar abscess 2 years after posterior cervical arthrodesis. A craniotomy was required to remove the wire and drain the abscess. Despite their history of safety and successful fusion, procedures involving sublaminar and interspinous wiring carry a risk of neurological injury secondary to wire migration. A thorough neuroimaging evaluation is required in patients who have undergone fusion and who have neurological complaints to detect late instrumentation-related sequelae.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Wires; Brain Abscess; Cerebellar Diseases; Cervical Vertebrae; Foreign-Body Migration; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nafcillin; Penicillins; Reoperation; Rifampin; Spinal Fusion; Staphylococcal Infections; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A young goat was presented with a left spastic hemiparesis and general proprioceptive ataxia with postural reaction deficits, a right head tilt and positional nystagmus. Seizure-like activity was elicited by rapid changes in the position of the animal's head. The neurological signs and quality of the seizure activity suggested a lesion involving the medulla and possibly the cerebellum. A focal lesion at the level of the left cerebellar peduncles could explain the left hemiparesis and right paradoxical vestibular signs. A large encapsulated abscess was found at the confluence of the left cerebellar peduncles. The morphology and staining characteristics of the organisms within the abscess were consistent with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Brain; Brain Abscess; Cerebellar Diseases; Corynebacterium Infections; Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Diazepam; Goat Diseases; Goats; Hemiplegia; Male; Neurologic Examination; Penicillin G Procaine; Rifampin; Seizures

A nine-year-old Somalian boy was treated in Denmark for a posterior fossa tumor, which proved to be a tuberculoma. This disease is virtually unknown in our highly industrialized country, which emphasizes the fact that due to increased international traveling, knowledge of endemic diseases in other parts of the world is necessary. The treatment of tuberculoma and their diagnostic features are reviewed.

Topics: Cerebellar Diseases; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Radiography; Rifampin; Tuberculoma

A case of multiple cerebral tuberculomata involving the pons and cerebellum was presented. The lesions were demonstrated by CT as isodense to slightly dense foci. All four intra-axial lesions showed homogeneous enhancement following an intravenous injection of the contrast medium, and one of them was surrounded by a small area of low density, probably representing the perifocal edema. The patient responded well to chemotherapy with streptomycin, hydrazid and rifampicin : cranial nerve signs and long tract signs clearing rapidly and the enhancing lesions and mass effect on CT disappearing concomitantly. Although cerebral tuberculoma is nowadays very rare in Japan, still a high index of suspicion should always be entertained during the investigation of patients showing solitary or multiple enhancing lesions with no or slight degree of perifocal edema on CT, and a trial of antituberculous drugs should be given before the incurable malignancy is presumed or the lesion is explored surgically.

Topics: Brain Diseases; Brain Stem; Cerebellar Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculoma