rifampin and Bacteroides-Infections

Dental infections are associated with a range of serious complications. The orofacial region provides potential spaces in the tissue that infections of dental origin can occupy. We describe the subtemporal extension of a dental infection, the late development of cranial osteomyelitis, and its surgical management.

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Cephradine; Drainage; Female; Focal Infection, Dental; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Rifampin; Temporal Bone

Experimental intraabdominal abscesses were produced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of Bacteroides fragilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The therapeutic efficacy of rifampicin and cefsulodin alone, and in combination was investigated in this in-vivo experimental mixed intraabdominal abscess model. Treatment with rifampicin at 10, and 25 mg/kg or cefsulodin at 50, and 100 mg/kg singly or in combinations prevented mortality as compared to 68% mortality rate occurring in the untreated mice. Rifampicin, at 25 mg/kg dose, was very effective in preventing abscess formation and produced bacterial eradication. It prevented abscess formation in 80% of the mice and eradicated both Bacteroides and Pseudomonas in 100% and 75% of the abscesses of the mice. Cefsulodin failed to reduce the incidence of abscess formation, and to eradicate Bact. fragilis from the abscesses, although it significantly decreased Ps. aeruginosa in the abscesses. The combination of rifampicin at 10 mg/kg and cefsulodin at 100 mg/kg was more effective than either of the antibiotics alone and was as effective as rifampicin alone at 25 mg/kg levels. This combination was bactericidal against both organisms in the infected mice.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Cefsulodin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Mice; Peritoneal Diseases; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rifampin

The efficacy of rifampicin in treating a Bacteroides fragilis infection was investigated and compared to clindamycin and metronidazole in an experimental model of intra-abdominal abscess in mice. Rifampicin, when given subcutaneously, showed activity superior to that of clindamycin in reducing the incidence of abscess formation as well as the number of Bacteroides organisms recovered from the abscess, and rifampicin was comparable in efficacy to metronidazole when given orally at the same dose level. The comparative pharmacokinetic properties of rifampicin and clindamycin demonstrated that the peak serum and abscess levels reached with rifampicin were significantly higher than those of clindamycin. The half-life of rifampicin in serum and in the abscess was longer than that of clindamycin.

Topics: Abscess; Administration, Oral; Animals; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous; Kinetics; Metronidazole; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Peritoneal Diseases; Rifampin

A strain of Bacteroides fragilis with high-level chromosomal resistance to rifampicin was isolated by blood culture from a patient with bacteraemia after gastrointestinal surgery. He had been receiving antituberculous therapy with rifampicin for nine months. This resistance led to some difficulty in the recognition and identification of the isolate by methods that depended upon antibiotic sensitivity patterns.

Topics: Adult; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Rifampin; Sepsis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Bacteroides infection frequently complicates surgery, instrumentation, or trauma to the alimentary, upper respiratory, and female genitourinary tracts. Bacteroides sp, alone or with other organisms, also may cause infections in the ear, nose, and throat, and other tissues where defeneses are lowered. Foul-smelling pus, sinus drainage, material from an abscess or infected traumatic wound, or a blood culture made because of a suspected anaerobic complication should be subjected to anaerobic study in the laboratory. Treatment of clinical bacteroidosis consists of specific antibiotics, surgery, oxygen under pressure, and appropriate local dressings. Treatment is often more effective if at least two antibiotics are given concurrently, and antibiotic sensitivity tests are recommended to select the best combination.

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Bandages; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Digestive System; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Respiratory System; Rifampin; Sulfonamides; Symbiosis; Tetracycline; Urogenital System

Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Carbon Dioxide; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lincomycin; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rifampin; Tetracycline

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Erythromycin; Fusobacterium; Humans; Lincomycin; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxygen; Penicillins; Rifampin; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Treponemal Infections; Vancomycin; Veillonella

Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Culture Media; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Lincomycin; Metronidazole; Rifampin; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteria; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Embolism; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Rifampin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fusobacterium; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rifampin

The effect of 10% carbon dioxide on the sensitivity to four antibiotics of 10 strains of Bacteroides fragilis was studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin and lincomycin hydrochloride for these strains were four to 32 times higher, when grown in hydrogen plus 10% carbon dioxide, than the values obtained when the strains were grown in pure hydrogen. A similar effect was obtained by growing the strains in hydrogen on an acid medium. Except for Haemophilus influenzae and Clostridium tertium the sensitivity to erythromycin and lincomycin hydrochloride of other species of bacteria examined was not affected by the atmosphere in which the tests were carried out. 7-Chlorolincomycin and rifamycin B diethylamide, to which the strains of B. fragilis were uniformly sensitive, were not significantly affected by additional carbon dioxide. The possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and its clinical implications are discussed, and a case report describing the successful use of erythromycin in the treatment of a cerebral abscess due to B. fragilis is presented. In a recent study in this laboratory of the sensitivity to antibiotics of B. fragilis the majority of strains were found to be inhibited by 0.15 mug/ml of erythromycin and by 0.55 mug/ml of lincomycin hydrochloride (Ingham, Selkon, Codd, and Hale, 1968). After this work had been completed hydrogen plus 10% carbon dioxide was substituted for pure hydrogen in the anaerobic technique. Strains of B. fragilis isolated on routine culture now appeared to be relatively resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin hydrochloride when their sensitivity was examined by the disc diffusion method. A more detailed investigation of this phenomenon was carried out, the results of which are reported here. The opportunity was also taken to examine the susceptibility of B. fragilis to two new antibiotics, namely, 7-chlorolincomycin and rifamycin B diethylamide.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Brain Abscess; Carbon Dioxide; Clostridium; Culture Media; Erythromycin; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Hydrogen; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Rifampin