rifampin and Bacteriuria

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacteriuria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rifampin; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacteriuria; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Cycloserine; Cystitis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Kanamycin; Methenamine; Methods; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

To examine the efficacy of bladder catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin in reducing catheter-associated bacteriuria.. A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted at five academic medical centers. Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomized to receive intraoperatively either regular silicone bladder catheters (control catheters) or silicone bladder catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin (antimicrobial-impregnated catheters). Catheters remained in place for a mean of 2 weeks. Urine cultures were obtained at about 3, 7, and 14 days after catheter insertion. Bacteriuria was defined as the growth of organism(s) in urine at a concentration of 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter or greater.. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that it took significantly longer for patients (n = 56) who received the antimicrobial-impregnated catheters to develop bacteriuria than those (n = 68) who received the control catheters (P = 0.006 by the log-rank test). Patients who received the antimicrobial-impregnated catheters had significantly lower rates of bacteriuria than those in the control group both at day 7 (15.2% versus 39.7%) and at day 14 (58.5% versus 83.5%) after catheter insertion. Patients who received the antimicrobial-impregnated catheters had significantly lower rates of gram-positive bacteriuria than the control group (7.1% versus 38.2%; P <0.001) but similar rates of gram-negative bacteriuria (46.4% versus 47.1%) and candiduria (3.6% versus 2.9%). The antimicrobial-impregnated catheters provided zones of inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli, both at baseline and on removal.. Bladder catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin significantly reduced the rate of gram-positive catheter-associated bacteriuria up to 2 weeks after catheter insertion.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacteriuria; Equipment Contamination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Multivariate Analysis; Prospective Studies; Prostatectomy; Rifampin; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Catheterization

A double-blind multicenter trial was carried out in 146 patients with urinary tract infections in order to compare the combination of rifampicin and trimethoprim (450 mg plus 120 mg twice daily) with rifampicin alone (450 mg twice daily). The success rate on the day after a 10-day course of treatment was significantly higher after the combination than after rifampicin alone (72% of 60 cases vs. 45% of 55 cases). The difference was still significant, and of the same order of magnitude, 1 week after the end of the treatment (53% of 51 vs. 24% of 45 cases). The subgroups of patients with organisms sensitive to both rifampicin and trimethoprim before treatment was considered separately in each treatment group: rifampicin-resistant strains were isolated after treatment in 27% of 26 patients treated with rifampicin alone, and in 7% of 27 patients in the other group. The tolerances of the two treatments were superimposable. The combination rifampicin-trimethoprim appears to overcome the problem of selection of rifampicin-resistant strains, with the concomitant therapeutic failures, in urinary tract infections.

Topics: Bacteriuria; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Rifampin; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Bacteriuria; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Proteus Infections; Recurrence; Rifampin

Tuberculosis is still a major global health problem. Nowadays nucleic acid amplification tests which are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) become popular methods for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Recently introduced commercial Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, USA) system is also a molecular method based on real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of both MTC and rifampicin resistance in the clinical sample. The sample processing, nucleic acid extraction, amplification and detection of known mutations related to rifampicin resistance are performed in a single cartridge in this integrated system and the results are obtained in two hours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF system for the detection of M.tuberculosis in pre-processed clinical samples by comparing the results obtained by Bactec 460TB 12B (BD Diagnostic, USA), Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture and direct microscopy of smears stained with Ziehl- Neelsen (ZN). A total of 85 clinical specimens (50 sputum, 25 bronchoalveolar lavage, five thorasynthesis fluid and five urine samples) obtained from tuberculosis-suspected patients were included to the study. All specimens were decontaminated and this decontaminated suspension was used in the diagnostic methods, except for Xpert MTB/RIF process. Twenty-five (29%) of the samples yielded positive result with Bactec 460TB, 25 (29%) were found positive with Xpert MTB/RIF, 15 (18%) were found positive with LJ and 11 (13%) were found positive with ZN staining method. High consistency was detected between the results of Bactec 460TB and Xpert MTB/RIF when Bactec 460TB was considered as the gold standard method (r= 0.943; p= 0.000). One specimen yielded false positive result with Xpert MTB/RIF when compared to the reference method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Xpert MTB/RIF test were then estimated as 96%, 98%, 96% and 98%, respectively. No resistance were detected for the tested isolates. This study suggested that the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF system in direct detection of M.tuberculosis in smear positive and smear negative samples was consistent with the reference methods. Moreover, the MTB/RIF test provided sensitive detection of tuberculosis in less than two hours.

Topics: Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacteriuria; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Paracentesis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rifampin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Thorax; Tuberculosis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Biofilms; Catheter-Related Infections; Chloramphenicol; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Equipment Contamination; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Primary Myelofibrosis; Rifampin; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Retention

Urinary tuberculosis is a rare disease in children. It poses major diagnostic problems because of clinical symptoms, which are often atypical and misleading. It causes serious lesions which are often multifocal and extensive, requiring complex surgical excision and urinary tract reconstruction. Prevention of this disease is based on generalized vaccination with BCG and adequate treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The authors report a case of urinary tuberculosis in a fourteen-year-old child who presented episodes of cystitis and hematuria refractory to treatment. The diagnosis, confirmed by the positive test for AFB in the urine was established late, at the stage of silent kidney and scleroatrophic bladder. The patient was treated with antituberculous chemotherapy (Isoniazid; Rifampicin, PZA) and nephro-ureterectomy with augmentation enterocystoplasty.

Topics: Adolescent; Antitubercular Agents; Atrophy; Bacteriuria; BCG Vaccine; Child; Cystitis; Hematuria; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nephrectomy; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Sclerosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Tuberculosis, Renal; Tuberculosis, Urogenital; Ureter; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Diseases

Eighteen patients with epididymo-orchitis were reviewed clinically, microbiologically and serologically. While there were positive urine culture in 5 patients before treatment, only one of them had positive culture in the epididymal aspirate. The epididymo-orchitis in two patients was the complications of the brucellosis. Ofloxacin or doxycycline was used in the treatment of 16 patients for 2-3 weeks and all, except one patient were recovered completely. The cases secondary to the brucellosis were treated with rifampicin plus doxycycline combination for 6 weeks. After treatment, no positive urine cultures were noted in all patients. As a result the epididymal aspiration to clarify etiological agent is not necessarily needed and empirical treatment may be generally curative.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteriuria; Brucellosis; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epididymitis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ofloxacin; Orchitis; Prospective Studies; Rifampin

Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacteriuria; Ethambutol; Humans; Isoniazid; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Postoperative Complications; Prednisone; Rifampin; Sputum; Transplantation, Homologous; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Bacteriuria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Kanamycin; Nalidixic Acid; Rifampin; Species Specificity; Streptomycin

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriuria; Carbenicillin; Chloramphenicol; Depression, Chemical; Drug Antagonism; Drug Synergism; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Kanamycin; Methacycline; Novobiocin; Oxytetracycline; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rifampin; Ristocetin; Sepsis; Sputum; Staphylococcus; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteriuria; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Proteus Infections; Rifampin; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bacteriuria; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cephaloridine; Depression, Chemical; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Kidney; Organ Size; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Rifampin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacteriuria; Boston; Candida; Candidiasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Infection; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Rifampin; Sputum; Urinary Catheterization; Wound Infection