rifampin and Acne-Vulgaris

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Amikacin; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Hypersensitivity; Ethambutol; Ethionamide; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Pellagra; Pigmentation Disorders; Prothionamide; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Skin Diseases; Streptomycin; Thioacetazone

Over the period, 1st October 1999 to 30th April 2002 a clinical trial of the modified short-course chemotherapy (SCC) in newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Ibadan, Nigeria was carried out. The modified SCC used was adopted by World Health Organisation (WHO)/International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUALTD) for developing countries and also by the Nigerian National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programmed (NTLCP). The regimen used consisted of ethambutol (E), isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R) and pyrazinamide (Z) in the intensive phase of 2 months. The continuation phase was 6 months of ethambutol (E) and isoniazid(H), i.e. 2EHRZ/6EH. Sputum conversion was 90% at the second month of treatment and there was no bacteriological relapse after 18 months of follow-up. Side effects were few and consisted mainly of acne vulgaris in 20 (22.5%) of 89 patients during the continuation phase. It is concluded that this modified 8-month chemotherapy regimen adopted by NTLCP is efficacious in treatment of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients with background HIV infection.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Pyrazinamide; Radiography; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Rifampin

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) rarely affects pediatric patients. The literature on pediatric HS patients is scarce. This is a cross-sectional study based on case note review or interviews and clinical examination of 140 pediatric patients undergoing secondary or tertiary level care. Patients were predominantly female (75.5%, n = 105) with a median age of 16. 39% reported 1st-degree relative with HS. Median BMI percentile was 88, and 11% were smokers (n = 15). Median modified Sartorius score was 8.5. Notable comorbidities found were acne (32.8%, n = 45), hirsutism (19.3%, n = 27), and pilonidal cysts (16.4%, n = 23). Resorcinol (n = 27) and clindamycin (n = 25) were the most frequently used topical treatments. Patients were treated with tetracycline (n = 32), or oral clindamycin and rifampicin in combination (n = 29). Surgical excision was performed in 18 patients, deroofing in five and incision in seven patients. Obesity seemed to be prominent in the pediatric population and correlated to parent BMI, suggesting a potential for preventive measures for the family. Disease management appeared to be similar to that of adult HS, bearing in mind that the younger the patient, the milder the disease in majority of cases.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Mass Index; Child; Clindamycin; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Hirsutism; Humans; Male; Obesity; Pilonidal Sinus; Resorcinols; Rifampin; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Drug Interactions; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Oxcarbazepine; Rifampin

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) may be associated with face and back lesions which are considered as acne.. To describe the skin lesions of a group of patients with HS.. Twelve patients were selected from a series of 648 patients on the basis of their specific skin lesions.. The patients (mostly male) had typical hidradenitis. On their face or back they had one or several of the following skin lesions which are not seen in acne: hypertrophic rope-like bridged scars, raised plaques with multiple carbuncle-like openings or with ulcerations, 'worm-eaten scars' and coalescent nodules with round ulcerations. All patients had deep round scars. Several had a pilonidal cyst or large epidermal cysts. Isotretinoin had been used by 7 patients with no effect.. Some HS patients have specific lesions of the face and back which are not acne and have to be treated differently.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Back; Cicatrix; Clindamycin; Dermatologic Agents; Epidermal Cyst; Face; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Isotretinoin; Male; Middle Aged; Pilonidal Sinus; Rifampin; Skin Ulcer; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

A retrospective analysis of the bacterial flora of acne lesions was carried out in 320 patients. Atypical flora was isolated very rarely. The pathogenic flora was found most frequently in the Autovaccine Laboratory when the microbiological material was taken directly onto plates and the investigation was repeated several times. Atypical flora was isolated only from three cases. Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus epidermidis were found to be sensitive to the antibiotics routinely used in the treatment of acne. The highest antibacterial effect in vitro against both these species was demonstrated using rifampicin and tetracycline.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Tetracycline

In the post-transplant period, antimicrobial agents are often coadministered with cyclosporine (CsA) to treat the infections occurring in the immunosuppressed patients. These agents produce drug interactions with cyclosporine and can increase or reduce the blood concentration of the immunosuppressant. We report two cases of drug interaction between cyclosporine and two antimicrobial agents, josamycin and rifampicin, coadministered in a kidney-transplanted and a liver-transplanted patient, respectively. Josamycin increased the CsA blood levels by inhibiting the CsA metabolism through the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. Conversely, rifampicin decreased the CsA blood levels by stimulating the same enzymatic system. When using these agents it is necessary to adjust the CsA doses to avoid risks of CsA toxicity or allograft rejection.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Cyclosporine; Drug Interactions; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Josamycin; Kidney Transplantation; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Otitis; Rifampin

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Rifampin; Thioacetazone; Tuberculosis, Urogenital; Zambia