resolvin-d1 and Lung-Diseases

Acute inflammation in the lung is fundamentally important to host defence, but chronic or excessive inflammation leads to several common respiratory diseases, including asthma and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The resolution of inflammation is an active process. In health, events at the onset of acute inflammation establish biosynthetic circuits for specific chemical mediators that later serve as agonists to orchestrate a return to tissue homeostasis. In addition to an overabundance of pro-inflammatory stimuli, pathological inflammation can also result from defects in resolution signalling. The understanding of anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution molecules and their counter-regulatory signalling pathways is providing new insights into the molecular pathophysiology of lung disease and opportunities for the design of therapeutic strategies. In the present review, the growing family of lipid mediators of resolution is examined, including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, cyclopentenones and presqualene diphosphate. Roles are uncovered for these compounds, or their structural analogues, in regulating airway inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; CD59 Antigens; Cyclopentanes; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Lipoxins; Lung Diseases; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates

Dysregulation of inflammation-resolution pathways leads to postlung transplant (LTx) ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and allograft dysfunction. Our hypothesis is that combined treatment with specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, that is, Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and Maresin-1 (MaR1), enhances inflammation-resolution of lung IR injury.. Bioactive proresolving lipid mediator-dependent signaling that is, RvD1/FPR2 and MaR1/LGR6- offers a novel therapeutic strategy in post-LTx injury.

Topics: Alveolar Epithelial Cells; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Inflammation; Lung Diseases; Lung Transplantation; Macrophages, Alveolar; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Reperfusion Injury; RNA, Small Interfering