refludan and Cardiomyopathy--Dilated

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is an immunologically mediated syndrome that is associated with potentially life-threatening arterial and venous thrombosis. Re-exposing patients who have heparin-induced thrombocytopenia to heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass may be hazardous. We describe the re-exposure to unfractionated heparin of a patient with a left ventricular assist device and evidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia who needed cardiac transplantation, which was accomplished without complications.

Topics: Anticoagulants; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Female; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fibrinogen; Heart Transplantation; Heart-Assist Devices; Heparin; Hirudins; Humans; Intraoperative Period; Middle Aged; Recombinant Proteins; Thrombocytopenia

A 50-year-old patient presented with clinical symptoms of heart failure with orthopnoe and edema (NYHA IV).. Echocardiography revealed a dilated left ventricle with severely reduced left ventricular function and biventricular floating thrombi, due to dilatative cardiomyopathy.. With a heart failure medication clinical symptoms reduced and body weight decreased > 10 kg in 3 weeks. Due to the high-risk constellation, anticoagulation was performed with lepirudin and the biventricular thrombi were dissolved within 17 days. At this point in time, the patient suffered from petechial bleedings, hemoptysis and gross hematuria. Despite breaking anticoagulation and substitution of PPSB with not measurable fibrinogen, subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred leading to exitus letalis.. Lepirudin is a highly effective anticoagulant, that can induce severe hemorrhagic side effects in individual cases. The present case report demonstrates an immunological reaction as a rare cause with activation of prothrombin and formation of fibrin.

Topics: Antibody Formation; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Echocardiography; Fatal Outcome; Fibrinolytic Agents; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Hematuria; Hemoptysis; Hirudins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prothrombin Time; Purpura; Recombinant Proteins; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Thrombosis

Lepirudin is indicated for anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We describe 2 cases of HIT and thrombosis in children with heart disease, including one that required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Lepirudin, dosed in the recommended adult weight--based fashion, was an effective antithrombotic agent in pediatric patients with HIT.

Topics: Anticoagulants; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Child; Child, Preschool; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Female; Hirudin Therapy; Hirudins; Humans; Recombinant Proteins; Thrombocytopenia