ramipril and Prediabetic-State

Recent clinical trials reported conflicting results on the reduction of new-onset diabetes using RAS blocking agents. Therefore the role of these agents in preventing diabetes is still not well defined. Ramipril is an ACE inhibitor (ACEi), that has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in high risk patients and post-hoc analyses of the HOPE trial have provided evidence for its beneficial action in the prevention of diabetes.. The ADaPT investigation ("ACE inhibitor-based versus diuretic-based antihypertensive primary treatment in patients with pre-diabetes") is a 4-year open, prospective, parallel group phase IV study. It compares an antihypertensive treatment regimen based on ramipril versus a treatment based on diuretics or betablockers. The primary evaluation criterion is the first manifestation of type 2 diabetes. The study is conducted in primary care to allow the broadest possible application of its results. The present article provides an outline of the rationale, the design and baseline characteristics of AdaPT and compares these to previous studies including ASCOT-BLPA, VALUE and DREAM.. Until March 2006 a total of 2,015 patients in 150 general practices (general physicians and internists) throughout Germany were enrolled. The average age of patients enrolled was 67.1 +/- 10.3 years, with 47% being male and a BMI of 29.9 +/- 5.0 kg/m2. Dyslipidemia was present in 56.5%. 37.8% reported a family history of diabetes, 57.8% were previously diagnosed with hypertension (usually long standing). The HbA1c value at baseline was 5.6 %. Compared to the DREAM study patients were older, had more frequently hypertension and patients with cardiovascular disease were not excluded.. Comparing the ADaPT design and baseline data to previous randomized controlled trial it can be acknowledged that AdaPT included patients with a high risk for diabetes development. Results are expected to be available in 2010. Data will be highly valuable for clinical practice due to the observational study design.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Diuretics; Female; Germany; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Selection; Prediabetic State; Prospective Studies; Ramipril; Sample Size

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Ramipril; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinediones

Previous randomized controlled trials demonstrated a protective effect of renin angiotensin system blocking agents for the development of type-2 diabetes in patients with pre-diabetes. However, there are no real-world data available to illustrate the relevance for clinical practice.. Open, prospective, parallel group study comparing patients with an ACE inhibitor versus a diuretic based treatment. The principal aim was to document the first manifestation of type-2 diabetes in either group.. A total of 2,011 patients were enrolled (mean age 69.1±10.3 years; 51.6% female). 1,507 patients were available for the per-protocol analysis (1,029 ramipril, 478 diuretic group). New-onset diabetes was less frequent in the ramipril than in the diuretic group over 4 years. Differences were statistically different at a median duration of 3 years (24.4% vs 29.5%; p<0.05). Both treatments were equally effective in reducing BP (14.7±18.0/8.5±8.2 mmHg and 12.7±18.1/7.0±8.3 mmHg) at the 4 year follow-up (p<0.001 vs. baseline; p=n.s. between groups). In 38.6% and 39.7% of patients BP was below 130/80 mmHg (median time-to-target 3 months). There was a significant reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in favour of ramipril (p=0.033). No significant differences were found for a change in HbA1c as well as for fasting blood glucose levels during follow-up. The rate of adverse events was higher in diuretic treated patients (SAE 15.4 vs. 12.4%; p<0.05; AE 26.6 vs. 25.6%; p=n.s).. Ramipril treatment is preferable over diuretic based treatment regimens for the treatment of hypertension in pre-diabetic patients, because new-onset diabetes is delayed.

Topics: Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Diuretics; Female; Germany; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypertension; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Prospective Studies; Ramipril; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide epidemic. Its prevalence is rapidly increasing in both developing and developed countries. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is highly prevalent and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Individuals with prediabetes states, with or without known CHD, should undergo lifestyle modifications aimed at preventing DM. In patients with CHD and DM, routine use of aspirin and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, along with strict glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control, is strongly recommended. Intense insulin therapy may be needed for glycemic control, and high-dose statin therapy may be needed for lipid control. For blood pressure control, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are considered first-line therapy. Noncompliance with medications and/or lifestyle measures and underprescription of evidence-based therapies remain important unsolved problems.

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Life Style; Myocardial Infarction; Obesity; Pioglitazone; Piperidines; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prediabetic State; Pyrazoles; Ramipril; Rimonabant; Risk Assessment; Thiazolidinediones; Triglycerides; Weight Loss

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; Prediabetic State; Ramipril; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinediones

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Combinations; Felodipine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Prediabetic State; Ramipril

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Humans; Hypertension; Patient Compliance; Prediabetic State; Ramipril; Risk Factors; Weight Loss

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comorbidity; Confidence Intervals; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypertension; Insulin Resistance; Odds Ratio; Prediabetic State; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Ramipril; Risk Factors