quinupristin-dalfopristin and Swine-Diseases

Clonal complex (CC) 9 is a prevalent livestock-associated (LA) MRSA clone in Asia whose pathogenicity in humans remains unknown.. In 2012, we identified a patient with CC9-MRSA infection linked to livestock. After screening 3328 clinical MRSA isolates from a national database, eight isolates (0.24%) collected between 1998 and 2012 were further confirmed to be of CC9. The detailed molecular features of the nine human CC9 strains and phylogenetic relatedness to animal CC9 strains were characterized with WGS. The antibiotic susceptibilities were determined and the clinical information was abstracted from medical records.. WGS grouped the CC9 strains into two clades, which were respectively associated with distinct toxome profiles, resistance gene profiles and staphylococcal cassette chromosomes (SCCmecXII for 7 isolates and SCCmecVT for 2 isolates). The SCCmecXII strains were phylogenetically related to animal CC9-MRSA strains, negative for Panton-Valentine leucocidin and 100% resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and tigecycline. Four of the seven SCCmecXII isolates were associated with invasive diseases including bacteraemia leading to death (2) and osteomyelitis (2). Two SCCmecXII isolates were from patients with exposure to pigs before development of the MRSA diseases.. The CC9-SCCmecXII MRSA prevailing in pigs in Asia is multidrug resistant and potentially pathogenic to humans. It is critical to continuously monitor the local epidemiology of MRSA and implement effective control measures to limit the spread of LA-MRSA between animals, to humans and in healthcare facilities.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactams; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Farmers; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Livestock; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Staphylococcal Infections; Swine; Swine Diseases; Taiwan; Tigecycline; Virginiamycin

Fifty-four quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (QDREF) isolated from chickens and pigs during 2002-2003 in Korea were screened by PCR for the presence of streptogramin resistance genes vatD, vatE, and vgbA, and macrolide resistance gene ermB. None of the QDREF isolates carried vgbA and vatD genes, while vatE and ermB were detected in 9.2% and 74% of the isolates, respectively. Twenty-six percent (14/54) of the QDREF isolates contained none of the resistance determinants tested. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns revealed high heterogeneity: 47 different patterns for 54 QDREF evaluated. Identical PFGE types were observed in two pairs of chicken isolates and a pair of pig isolates, respectively, but chicken isolates did not share PFGE pattern with pig isolates, suggesting clonal spread of QDREF strain between the same species of animals but not between different species of animals. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of vatE-positive E. faecium isolates and also the first evidence of clonal spread of QDREF strain between animals in Korea.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterococcus faecium; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Korea; Poultry Diseases; Streptogramins; Swine; Swine Diseases; Virginiamycin

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterococcus faecium; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Poultry Diseases; Swine Diseases; Virginiamycin