Page last updated: 2024-08-17

quinidine and Tachycardia, Ventricular

quinidine has been researched along with Tachycardia, Ventricular in 97 studies

Research

Studies (97)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	47 (48.45)	18.7374
1990's	25 (25.77)	18.2507
2000's	7 (7.22)	29.6817
2010's	15 (15.46)	24.3611
2020's	3 (3.09)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Bogun, F; Chugh, A; Crawford, T; Cunnane, R; Deshmukh, A; Ghanbari, H; Ghannam, M; Jongnarangsin, K; Larson, J; Latchamsetty, R; Liang, JJ; Morady, F; Oral, H; Pelosi, F; Saeed, M	1
Aguilar, M; Cadrin-Tourigny, J; Compagno, P; Daval, C; Dyrda, K; Ortmans, S; Rivard, L; Tadros, R	1
Belhassen, B; Chorin, E; Havakuk, O; Hochstadt, A; Khoury, S; Lee, JK; Rosso, R; Viskin, D; Viskin, S	1
Alrayes, H; El-Khatib, L; Elbanna, A; Sallam, O	1
Anguera, I; Brugada, J; Cequier, Á; Dallaglio, PD; García-Alberola, A; Sabaté, X	1
Brignole, M; Deharo, JC; Franceschi, F; Guieu, R; Hourdain, J; Koutbi, L; Perrin, T	1
Amador, P; Gonçalves, S; Marinheiro, R; Parreira, L; Sardinha, F; Serra, S	1
Bilińska, M; Bilińska, Z; Franaszczyk, M; Karczmarz, M; Płoski, R; Szumowski, Ł; Truszkowska, G; Zakrzewska-Koperska, J; Zieliński, T	1
Amit, G; Asher, E; Belhassen, B; Chorin, E; Halkin, A; Havakuk, O; Hochstadt, A; Laish-Farkash, A; Lee, JK; Rosso, R; Tovia-Brodie, O; Viskin, D; Viskin, S	1
Osadchii, OE	2
Boulé, S; Brigadeau, F; Kouakam, C	1
Antzelevitch, C; Gurabi, Z; Koncz, I; Nesterenko, VV; Patocskai, B	1
Higgins, AY; Josephson, ME; Waks, JW	1
Divakaran, VG; Lakkis, NM; Shiue, HC	1
Defaye, P; Jacon, P; Kane, A; Machecourt, J; Mbaye, A	1
Barabach, S; Feusette, P; Kukla, P; Sacha, J	1
Barnett, S; Baumwart, RD; Bonagura, JD; Doreste, YR; Lahmers, SM; Seino, KK; Stern, JA	1
LOGAN, WP	1
HAMILTON, HE; JANUARY, LE; SINTON, DW	1
BARR, G; LAZARUS, S; MACDONALD, AC	1
ATLANTE, G; MATTOLI, G	1
SIOUFI, J	1
FRANKLIN, RB; MORRIS, GM	1
CAMERINI, F	1
MOSEY, L; TYLER, MD	1
HUEBER, EF; RICK, A; WOHLRAB, K	1
LASTRUCCI RUIZ, B; RIOS MOZO, M; VIDARTE ZABALA, M	1
BAKER, CG; ROBINSON, BH; TROUNCE, JR	1
SIGLER, LH	1
ARIONI, G; ROSAIA, LR	1
ARORA, RB; SHARMA, PL	1
DOERNER, J; WICK, E	2
FORTIN, P	1
TREDWAY, JB; UNDERHILL, WL	1
BOYE, E	1
DIXON, JK	1
CAVAILLES, J; SIKORAV, H	1
KELLEY, RT	1
CANENT, RV; LONDON, WL; MORRIS, JJ; SPACH, MS	1
DUFFY, RW; EDELSTEIN, MM; NATHAN, A; PORTE, D	1
MACKENZIE, GJ; PASCUAL, S	1
ETKINS, P; GRAF, WS	1
ELLIS, CH	1
NEUFELD, HN; YAHINI, JH; ZAHAVI, I	1
ADAMS, CW	1
BOEHM, P; FOLDENAUER, A; SCHUERHOLZ, K; STUMPF, P	1
ERAKLIS, AJ; GREEN, WT; WATSON, CG	1
HORLICK, L; SEGALL, HN	1
CERNOHORSKY, J; HAUFTOVA, D; LUKL, P	1
LAABAN, J; SCHNECK, G	1
CLAGETT, AH	1
CUTTS, FB; IRVIN, CW	1
CULOGA, AP; GARIBOTTO, RC; VEDOYA, R	1
ESTANDIA, A; FORD, TJ; HARRIS, AS; TILLOTSON, RF	1
GREENFIELD, I; REISS, J	1
BROWN, MG; HOLZMAN, D; WETHERBEE, DG	1
LESER, RU; OPFELL, RH	1
KELLEY, RT; SCHREINER, GE	1
BINDER, MJ; ROSOVE, L	1
HAHN-PEDERSEN, A	1
CHAPMAN, RA	1
BEYERS, MR; FISHER, GJ	1
Arya, A; Haghjoo, M; Heidari, A; Sadr-Ameli, MA	1
Georgiadou, P; Iliodromitis, EK; Kremastinos, DT; Theodorakis, GN	1
Hollman, A	1
Boisseau, P; Evain, S; Gournay, V; LE Marec, H; Marie, A; Probst, V; Schott, JJ	1
Hiraoka, M; Mizusawa, Y; Nishizaki, M; Sakurada, H	1
Li, B; Ma, Y; Pu, J; Quan, X; Zhang, C; Zhao, G	1
Cheymol, G; Chézalviel-Guilbert, F; Davy, JM; Guhennec, C; Poirier, JM; Weissenburger, J	1
Berman, ND; Dorian, P	1
Biblo, LA; Carlson, MD; Waldo, AL	1
Duff, HJ; Gillis, AM; McDonald, M; Mitchell, LB; Wyse, DG	1
Chiamvimonvat, N; Duff, HJ; Gillis, AM; Mitchell, LB; Sheldon, RS; Wang, L; Wyse, DG	1
Darrow, WR; Woosley, R	1
Greene, TO; Huang, SK; Mittleman, RS; Pires, LA; Wagshal, AB	1
Bru, P; Chanu, P; Cointe, R; Dolla, E; Gérard, R; Lauribe, P; Lévy, S; Moyal, C; Paganelli, F	1
Bonavita, GJ; Cuello, C; Greene, TO; Huang, SK; Mittleman, RS; Pires, LA; Wagshal, AB	1
Fromm, BS; Lehmann, MH; Makkar, RR; Meissner, MD; Steinman, RT	1
Almendral, JM; Arenal, A; Delcán, JL; Lorca, MT; Pastor, A	1
Chow, MS; Fisher, JR; Kluger, J; Tisdale, JE	1
Klein, LS; Luck, JC; Markel, ML; Miles, WM; Prystowsky, EN	1
Denton, T; Diamond, GA; Hong, K; Karagueuzian, HS; Khan, SS; Kobayashi, Y; Mandel, WJ	1
Berman, N; Dorian, P; Hardy, J; Mitchell, J; Newman, D	1
Conroy, EA; Liranzo, MO; McMahon, J; Steck, WD; Tuthill, RJ	1
Gautam, CS; Pandhi, P; Sharma, PL	1
Behboodikhah, M; Sager, PT	1
Dorian, P; Ham, M; Lee, SD; Newman, D	1
Beurrier, D; Brembilla-Perrot, B; Danchin, N; Jacquemin, L; Malak, S	1
Alsagheer, S; Beurrier, D; Brembilla-Perrot, B; Grentzinger, A; Jacquemin, L; Retournay, G	1
Chow, MS; Kluger, J; Tran, HT	1
Beurrier, D; Brembilla-Perrot, B; Jacquemin, L	1
Greenberg, ML; Ho, PC; Holzberger, PT; O'Connor, GT; Ozahowski, TP; Paicopolis, MC	1
Numata, O; Suzuki, H; Torigoe, K; Yazaki, S	1
Evans, LH; Garber, JL; Reef, VB; Reimer, JM	1

Reviews

3 review(s) available for quinidine and Tachycardia, Ventricular

Article	Year
Pharmacotherapy in inherited and acquired ventricular arrhythmia in structurally normal adult hearts. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2019, Volume: 20, Issue:17 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brugada Syndrome; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Long QT Syndrome; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2019
Female gender as a risk factor for torsades de pointes associated with cardiovascular drugs. JAMA, 1993, Dec-01, Volume: 270, Issue:21 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amiodarone; Bepridil; Cardiovascular Agents; Disopyramide; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prenylamine; Procainamide; Quinidine; Risk Factors; Sex; Sotalol; Syncope; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Torsades de Pointes	1993
[Quinidine and high-amplification ECG]. Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1997

Trials

6 trial(s) available for quinidine and Tachycardia, Ventricular

Article	Year
Insights into the Electrophysiology Study Versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring Trial: its programmed stimulation protocol may introduce bias when assessing long-term antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1995, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bias; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Drug Combinations; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Electrophysiology; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Mexiletine; Procainamide; Quinidine; Research Design; Retrospective Studies; Sotalol; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1995
Amiloride-quinidine interaction: adverse outcomes. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1994, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Pt 1 Topics: Action Potentials; Aged; Amiloride; Animals; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Papillary Muscles; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1994
[Comparison of the efficacy of 2 delayed-action preparations of hydroquinidine and quinidine in the prevention of pacing induced ventricular tachycardia]. Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 1993, Volume: 86, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Clinical Protocols; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1993
Usefulness of oral quinidine-mexiletine combination therapy for sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias as assessed by programmed electrical stimulation when quinidine monotherapy has failed. American heart journal, 1994, Volume: 127, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electric Stimulation; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Mexiletine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Treatment Failure	1994
Sotalol and type IA drugs in combination prevent recurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1993, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Procainamide; Prospective Studies; Quinidine; Recurrence; Sotalol; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Treatment Outcome	1993
Relationships between heart rate variability and antiarrhythmic effects of hydroquinidine. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1997, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electric Stimulation; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1997

Other Studies

88 other study(ies) available for quinidine and Tachycardia, Ventricular

Article	Year
Efficacy and tolerability of quinidine as salvage therapy for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2021, Volume: 32, Issue:12 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Humans; Male; Quinidine; Salvage Therapy; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation	2021
Quinidine-responsive out-of-hospital polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary heart disease. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2020, 02-01, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Electrocardiography; Hospitals; Humans; Quinidine; Retrospective Studies; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2020
Quinidine hypersensitivity: a side effect of a forgotten antiarrhythmic. BMJ case reports, 2020, Aug-24, Volume: 13, Issue:8 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2020
Antitachycardia Pacing Effectiveness for Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in Brugada Syndrome After Quinidine Administration. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.), 2018, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Brugada Syndrome; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers; Young Adult	2018
Theophylline as an adjunct to control malignant ventricular arrhythmia associated with early repolarization. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Child; Defibrillators, Implantable; Disopyramide; Humans; Male; Quinidine; Recurrence; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Theophylline; Vasodilator Agents	2018
Primary Ventricular Fibrillation in a Patient with Mild Hypercalcemia. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 2018, Volume: 110, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoproterenol; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation	2018
Rapid and effective response of the R222Q SCN5A to quinidine treatment in a patient with Purkinje-related ventricular arrhythmia and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: a case report. BMC medical genetics, 2018, 06-05, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Pedigree; Prognosis; Purkinje Fibers; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Young Adult	2018
Quinidine-Responsive Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation, 2019, 05-14, Volume: 139, Issue:20 Topics: Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Coronary Artery Disease; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance; Drug Substitution; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Revascularization; Postoperative Complications; Quinidine; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Thrombocytopenia; Ventricular Fibrillation; Ventricular Premature Complexes	2019
Quinidine elicits proarrhythmic changes in ventricular repolarization and refractoriness in guinea-pig. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2013, Volume: 91, Issue:4 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electrocardiography; Endocardium; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Pericardium; Quinidine; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2013
Effects of Na+ channel blockers on extrasystolic stimulation-evoked changes in ventricular conduction and repolarization. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2014, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Female; Flecainide; Guinea Pigs; Heart Ventricles; Lidocaine; Mexiletine; Quinidine; Sodium Channel Blockers; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2014
Very prolonged episode of self-terminating ventricular fibrillation in a patient with Brugada syndrome. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2013, Volume: 29, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Brugada Syndrome; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electrocardiography; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Quinidine; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Unconsciousness; Ventricular Fibrillation	2013
Cellular mechanism underlying hypothermia-induced ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in the setting of early repolarization and the protective effect of quinidine, cilostazol, and milrinone. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 2014, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cilostazol; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Heart Conduction System; Hypothermia, Induced; Milrinone; Perfusion; Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors; Quinidine; Signal Transduction; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Tetrazoles; Time Factors; Ventricular Fibrillation	2014
Influence of Gender on the Tolerability, Safety, and Efficacy of Quinidine Used for Treatment of Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias. The American journal of cardiology, 2015, Dec-15, Volume: 116, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Tolerance; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Male; Massachusetts; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Tachycardia, Supraventricular; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Treatment Outcome	2015
A case of Brugada syndrome presenting with incessant polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Clinical cardiology, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Brugada Syndrome; Bundle-Branch Block; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Quinidine; Syncope; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Time Factors	2010
[Malignant fascicular ventricular tachycardia degenerating into ventricular fibrillation in a patient with early repolarization syndrome]. Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie, 2012, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Defibrillators, Implantable; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Middle Aged; Prostheses and Implants; Quinidine; Syncope; Syndrome; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Fibrillation	2012
Vasospastic angina with J-wave pattern and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia effectively treated with quinidine. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Angina Pectoris, Variant; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Catheter Ablation; Combined Modality Therapy; Defibrillators, Implantable; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Exercise Test; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Isosorbide; Male; Middle Aged; Molsidomine; Quinidine; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Treatment Outcome; Verapamil	2012
Resolution of sustained narrow complex ventricular tachycardia and tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in a Quarter Horse following quinidine therapy. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology, 2012, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2012
Treatment of ventricular tachycardia; report of a resistant case. The Journal of the Florida Medical Association. Florida Medical Association, 1952, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1952
Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia treated intravenous injections of quinidine. A.M.A. archives of internal medicine, 1953, Volume: 91, Issue:3 Topics: Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1953
Paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia: report of a case in which procaine amide was effectively used after failure with quinidine. Glasgow medical journal, 1953, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Electrocardiography; Procainamide; Procaine; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Supraventricular; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1953
[Repeated attacks of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia controlled by procaine amide with quinidine]. Archivio per le scienze mediche, 1953, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Humans; Procainamide; Quinidine; Social Behavior; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1953
[Ventricular tachycardia following treatment with digitalis and quinidine]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1954, Jan-30, Volume: 30, Issue:8 Topics: Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1954
Ventricular tachycardia due to idiopathic pericarditis controlled by simultaneous intravenous procaine amide and quinidine. American heart journal, 1954, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Pericarditis; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1954
[Case of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia resistant to quinidine and sensitive to procaine amide: consecutive modifications of blood proteins and glycemia and post-tachycardial syndrome]. Minerva medica, 1954, Mar-21, Volume: 45, Issue:23 Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; Humans; Procainamide; Quinidine; Syndrome; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1954
The effect of diphenylhydantoin sodium (dilantin), procaine hydrochloride, procaine amide hydrochloride, and quinidine hydrochloride upon ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia in unanesthetized dogs. Circulation, 1954, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Dogs; Hydantoins; Ouabain; Phenytoin; Procainamide; Procaine; Quinidine; Sodium; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1954
[Unusual case of ventricular tachycardia]. Klinische Medizin; osterreichische Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche und praktische Medizin, 1954, Apr-01, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1954
[Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia; data on two cases with regression]. Revista clinica espanola, 1955, Dec-15, Volume: 59, Issue:5 Topics: Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1955
Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation following quinidine. Guy's Hospital reports, 1956, Volume: 105, Issue:4 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brugada Syndrome; Cardiac Conduction System Disease; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation	1956
Severe case of ventricular tachycardia; treatment with intravenous quinidine. The American journal of cardiology, 1958, Volume: 1, Issue:5 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1958
[Ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia after myocardial infarct; efficacy of the treatment]. Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 1958, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1958
Effect of quinidine and tranquillising agents on ectopic ventricular tachycardia resulting from acute myocardial infarction in the dog. Lancet (London, England), 1959, May-09, Volume: 1, Issue:7080 Topics: Animals; Dogs; Myocardial Infarction; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Tranquilizing Agents	1959
[The effect of high doses of quinidine on ventricular tachycardia and contractility of the dog heart in chronic oral administration]. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv fur experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 1960, Volume: 238 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Dogs; Heart; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1960
[Experimental studies on heart infarct. The modification of extrasystolic ventricular tachycardia and the contractile force of the dog heart by high doses of quindine in chronic oral administration]. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kreislaufforschung, 1959, Volume: 25 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Dogs; Heart; Myocardium; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1959
[VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA. (DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT)]. Les Cahiers du College de medecine des hopitaux de Paris, 1963, Dec-30, Volume: 4 Topics: Digitalis Glycosides; Electric Countershock; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrocardiography; Hydroxyzine; Morphine; Potassium; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1963
THE TREATMENT OF PAROXYSMAL VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA WITH ISOPROTERENOL. Annals of internal medicine, 1964, Volume: 60 Topics: Electrocardiography; Infusions, Parenteral; Isoproterenol; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1964
[LONG-LASTING VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA CURED WITH SYNCHRONIZED DIRECT CURRENT SHOCK]. Nordisk medicin, 1964, May-21, Volume: 71 Topics: Drug Therapy; Electric Countershock; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1964
REFRACTORY VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA: REPORT OF A PATIENT SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH HIGH DOSES OF QUINIDINE INTRAVENOUSLY. Southern medical journal, 1964, Volume: 57 Topics: Black People; Digitalis; Electrocardiography; Norepinephrine; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Procainamide; Quinacrine; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1964
[VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1964, May-26, Volume: 40 Topics: Electric Countershock; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrocardiography; Humans; Procainamide; Quinidine; Rauwolfia; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1964
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA: AN AWESOME ARRHYTHMIA. GP, 1964, Volume: 30 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure Determination; Coronary Disease; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Drug Therapy; Electric Stimulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrocardiography; Heart Auscultation; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Toxicology	1964
RECURRENT VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN AN INFANT--USE OF HIGH VOLTAGE DC SHOCK THERAPY IN MANAGEMENT. Pediatrics, 1964, Volume: 33 Topics: Drug Therapy; Electric Countershock; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrocardiography; Humans; Infant; Methylprednisolone; Quinidine; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1964
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA OF TWENTY-TWO DAYS DURATION. TREATMENT BY EXTERNAL ELECTRIC COUNTERSHOCK. New York state journal of medicine, 1964, Aug-01, Volume: 64 Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Electric Countershock; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrocardiography; Geriatrics; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1964
PAROXYSMAL VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA. British heart journal, 1964, Volume: 26 Topics: Coronary Disease; Diagnosis; Digitalis Glycosides; Electrocardiography; Heart Failure; Hydrocortisone; Morphine; Mortality; Myocardial Infarction; Phenobarbital; Procainamide; Quinidine; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Statistics as Topic; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Toxicology	1964
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AFTER SYNCHRONIZED DIRECT-CURRENT COUNTERSHOCK. JAMA, 1964, Nov-02, Volume: 190 Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Digitoxin; Electric Countershock; Heparin; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation	1964
CONTROL OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIAS IN DOGS BY B.W. 62-235, A DERIVATIVE OF METHOXAMINE. Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1964, Jul-01, Volume: 150 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Digoxin; Dogs; Epinephrine; Hydrocarbons; Methoxamine; Ouabain; Pharmacology; Quinidine; Research; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1964
PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME SIMULATING VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA. The American journal of cardiology, 1964, Volume: 14 Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Diagnosis, Differential; Digoxin; Electrocardiography; Humans; Procainamide; Prognosis; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome	1964
TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AND FIBRILLATION BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF POTASSIUM AND QUINIDINE, REPORT OF A CASE. Diseases of the chest, 1964, Volume: 46 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brugada Syndrome; Cardiac Conduction System Disease; Electrocardiography; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Potassium; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Toxicology; Ventricular Fibrillation	1964
[TREATMENT OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA WITH ALUPENT]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1965, Feb-19, Volume: 90 Topics: Drug Therapy; Electrocardiography; Isoproterenol; Metaproterenol; Myocardial Infarction; Procainamide; Quinidine; Rauwolfia; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1965
RECURRENT PAROXYSMS OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA FOLLOWING MITRAL VALVULOPLASTY: CASE REPORT. Annals of surgery, 1965, Volume: 161 Topics: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Digitalis Glycosides; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiography; Heart Arrest; Heart Massage; Humans; Intubation; Intubation, Intratracheal; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Pacemaker, Artificial; Postoperative Complications; Procainamide; Quinidine; Respiration, Artificial; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Thoracic Surgery; Tracheotomy	1965
"BENIGN" VENTRICULAR PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA: OBSERVATIONS ON A CASE FOLLOWED UP FOR A 17-YEAR PERIOD, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CARDIOVASCULAR SOUND. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1965, Apr-10, Volume: 92 Topics: Cardiovascular System; Drug Therapy; Electrocardiography; Heart Auscultation; Humans; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1965
[Long lasting paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in the course of myocardial infarct stopped by intravenous quinidine]. Casopis lekaru ceskych, 1954, Nov-26, Volume: 93, Issue:48 Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1954
[Ventricular tachycardia. Reduction by procaine amide and hydroquinidine]. Bulletin mensuel - Societe de medecine militaire francaise, 1962, Volume: 56 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Procainamide; Procaine; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1962
Intravenous use of quinidine, with particular reference to ventricular tachycardia. The American journal of the medical sciences, 1950, Volume: 220, Issue:4 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1950
Ventricular tachycardia; report of a case in which "pronestyl" was effectively used after failure with quinidine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1951, Aug-04, Volume: 146, Issue:14 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Procainamide; Procaine; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1951
[Comparison of effects of quinidine and procaine amide (pronestyl) in a case of ventricular tachycardia]. Prensa medica argentina, 1951, Aug-03, Volume: 38, Issue:31 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Procainamide; Procaine; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1951
Quinidine lactate and gluconate in the suppression of ectopic ventricular tachycardias associated with myocardial infarction; control of toxicity by morphine. Circulation, 1951, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Gluconates; Humans; Lactic Acid; Morphine; Myocardial Infarction; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Premature Complexes	1951
Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia: experience with quinidine hydrochloride. American heart journal, 1951, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1951
Ventricular tachycardia following the administration of quinidine. American heart journal, 1952, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1952
[Intravenous utilization of quinidine in therapy of ventricular tachycardia]. Medecine et hygiene, 1951, Oct-01, Volume: 9, Issue:203 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1951
Quinidine treatment of ventricular tachycardia following acute coronary occlusion; a case report. The Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association, 1952, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Coronary Occlusion; Diabetes Mellitus; Heart; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1952
Ventricular tachycardia following procaine amide hydrochloride (pronestyl) and quinidine. American heart journal, 1952, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Procainamide; Procaine; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1952
Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation due to quinidine. The American journal of medicine, 1952, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Brugada Syndrome; Cardiac Conduction System Disease; Heart Conduction System; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1952
[Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia; case with high quinidine therapy]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1952, Mar-06, Volume: 114, Issue:10 Topics: Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1952
Use of quinidine sulfate and of procaine amide in a patient with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. A.M.A. archives of internal medicine, 1952, Volume: 90, Issue:1 Topics: Procainamide; Procaine; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1952
Intravenous guanidine: successful use in a case of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia complicating acute posterior wall myocardial infarction. New York state journal of medicine, 1950, May-01, Volume: 50, Issue:9 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Guanidine; Heart; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1950
Suppression of electrical storm by oral quinidine in a patient with Brugada syndrome. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2005, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Quinidine; Syndrome; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation	2005
Quinidine ceases electrical storm in an ablated patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: an old lady in the modern era. International journal of cardiology, 2006, Oct-26, Volume: 113, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electrophysiology; Equipment Failure; Humans; Male; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2006
Thirty years on quinidine for paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2006, Volume: 99, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Humans; Long-Term Care; Male; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2006
Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia due to Brugada syndrome successfully treated by hydroquinidine therapy in a 3-year-old child. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2006, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bundle-Branch Block; Child, Preschool; DNA; DNA Mutational Analysis; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Rate; Humans; Muscle Proteins; Mutation; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Quinidine; Sodium Channels; Syncope; Syndrome; Tachycardia, Ventricular	2006
Effects of low-dose quinidine on ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with Brugada syndrome: low-dose quinidine therapy as an adjunctive treatment. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bundle-Branch Block; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Stimulation; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Syndrome; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation	2006
Effect of calcium-channel antagonist on repolarization heterogeneity of ventricular myocardium in an in vitro rabbit model of long QT syndrome. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Long QT Syndrome; Male; Myocardium; Quinidine; Rabbits; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Verapamil	2007
Proarrhythmic effects of a quinidine analog in dogs with chronic A-V block. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Heart Rate; Propranolol; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1995
Cellular mechanism underlying the efficacy of the sotalol-quinidine combination. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1993, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Drug Combinations; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Papillary Muscles; Quinidine; Sotalol; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1993
Quinidine pharmacodynamics in patients with arrhythmia: effects of left ventricular function. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1995, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Stroke Volume; Tachycardia, Supraventricular; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Fibrillation; Ventricular Function, Left	1995
Analysis of potential adverse drug reactions--a case of mistaken identity. The American journal of cardiology, 1994, Jul-15, Volume: 74, Issue:2 Topics: Astemizole; Atrial Fibrillation; Drug Interactions; Electrocardiography; Humans; Loratadine; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Terfenadine	1994
Usefulness of the response to intravenous procainamide during electrophysiologic study in predicting the response to oral quinidine in patients with inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary artery disease. The American journal of cardiology, 1993, Oct-15, Volume: 72, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Procainamide; Prospective Studies; Quinidine; Remission Induction; Stroke Volume; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1993
Comparison of electrophysiologic effects of quinidine and amiodarone in sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with coronary artery disease. The American journal of cardiology, 1993, Dec-15, Volume: 72, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amiodarone; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1993
Efficacy of class 1C antiarrhythmic agents in patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia refractory to therapy with class 1A antiarrhythmic drugs. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1993, Volume: 33, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Benzeneacetamides; Electric Stimulation; Encainide; Female; Flecainide; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Quinidine; Retrospective Studies; Stroke Volume; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1993
Differential effects of isoproterenol on sustained ventricular tachycardia before and during procainamide and quinidine antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Circulation, 1993, Volume: 87, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Isoproterenol; Male; Middle Aged; Procainamide; Quinidine; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1993
Action potential alternans and irregular dynamics in quinidine-intoxicated ventricular muscle cells. Implications for ventricular proarrhythmia. Circulation, 1993, Volume: 87, Issue:5 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Homeostasis; Myocardium; Quinidine; Reaction Time; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1993
Quinidine-induced pigmentation. Cutis, 1996, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Foot Dermatoses; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Iron; Leg Dermatoses; Male; Middle Aged; Nail Diseases; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Toes	1996
Differential effect of selected antiarrhythmic drugs on coronary artery ligation-induced ventricular arrhythmias on the right or left sides. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Coronary Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Female; Ligation; Male; Propranolol; Quinidine; Sotalol; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Verapamil	1995
Frequency-dependent electrophysiologic effects of d,l-sotalol and quinidine and modulation by beta-adrenergic stimulation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 1996, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Action Potentials; Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Humans; Isoproterenol; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Quinidine; Sotalol; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1996
Electrophysiologic mechanisms of antiarrhythmic efficacy of a sotalol and class Ia drug combination: elimination of reverse use dependence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1997, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Action Potentials; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Procainamide; Quinidine; Sotalol; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1997
[Influence of anti-arrhythmia agents on heart rate variability]. Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Heart Diseases; Heart Rate; Humans; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1997
Amiodarone induced torsades de pointes with excessive QT dispersion following quinidine induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:9 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Female; Humans; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Torsades de Pointes	1997
Prospective comparison of intravenous quinidine and intravenous procainamide in patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing. American heart journal, 1998, Volume: 136, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrophysiology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Procainamide; Prospective Studies; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1998
Infant case with a malignant form of Brugada syndrome. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2000, Volume: 11, Issue:11 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atropine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Humans; Infant; Isoproterenol; Male; Parasympatholytics; Quinidine; Secondary Prevention; Syndrome; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation	2000
Postsurgical ventricular tachycardia in a horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1992, Oct-01, Volume: 201, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Halothane; Horse Diseases; Horses; Infusions, Intravenous; Larynx; Male; Postoperative Complications; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1992