quillaja-saponins and Swine-Diseases

We evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs immunized intranasally with crude rhoptry proteins of Toxoplasma gondii plus Quil-A. The experiment used 13 mixed-breed pigs divided into the following three groups: G1 (vaccinated-challenged, n=6), which received the rhoptry vaccine (200(g/dose); G2 (adjuvant-challenged, n=4), which received PBS plus Quil-A; and G3 (unvaccinated-challenged, n=3), which was the control group. The treatments were performed intranasally at days 0, 21, and 42. Three pigs from G1 produced IgG and IgM antibody levels above the cut-off in the ELISA on the challenge day. Partial protection was observed in G1 at the chronic phase of infection when compared with G3. The preventable fractions were 41.6% and 6.5%, in G1 and G2, respectively. The results of this study suggest that rhoptry proteins plus Quil-A stimulated humoral, local, and systemic immune responses, which were able to partially protect the brain from cyst formation.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Brain; Cell Proliferation; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Lymphocytes; Mice; Protozoan Proteins; Protozoan Vaccines; Quillaja Saponins; Saponins; Swine; Swine Diseases; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis, Animal

The efforts made to develop vaccines against Streptococcus suis have failed because of lack of common antigens cross-reactive against different serotypes of this species. The cell wall-anchored proteins can be good vaccine candidates due to their high expression and accessibility to antibodies, among these, a cell-wall protein, DNA-nuclease (SsnA), present in most of the S. suis serotypes and clinical isolates collected from infected pigs, was selected. An experimental challenge against S. suis serotype 2 in a pig model was used to validate the efficacy of recombinant SsnA combined with aluminium hydroxide plus Quil A as adjuvants, previously tested in mice by our research group with good results. In our study, clinical characteristics, bacterial load and spread, haematological and immunological parameters and the antibody response, including the opsonophagocytosis analysis of the sera were evaluated. Moreover the composition of peripheral blood leukocyte populations was studied in infected animals. The results show that the immunization of piglets with rSsnA elicits a significant humoral antibody response. However, the antibody response is not reflected in protection of pigs that are challenged with a virulent strain in our conventional vaccination model. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the use of rSsnA as a vaccine candidate for swine.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Load; Cell Wall; Deoxyribonucleases; Disease Models, Animal; Immunity, Humoral; Immunization; Leukocyte Count; Phagocytosis; Quillaja Saponins; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcal Vaccines; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vaccines, Synthetic

A pilot field trial of the TSOL18 vaccine was undertaken in Cameroon. Two hundred and forty, 2-3 month-old piglets were distributed to 114 individual households in pairs. Vaccinated animals received three immunisations with 200 microg TSOL18 plus 5 mg Quil A and 30 mg/kg oxfendazole at the time of the second immunisation. Necropsies were undertaken when the pigs were approximately 12 months of age. Viable Taenia solium cysticerci were identified in 20 control pigs (prevalence 19.6%); no cysticerci were found in any of the vaccinated animals (P<0.0001). Combined application of TSOL18 vaccination and a single oxfendazole treatment in pigs may be a relatively simple and sustainable procedure that has the potential to control T. solium transmission in endemic areas and, indirectly, reduce the number of new cases of neurocysticercosis in humans.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Anthelmintics; Antigens, Helminth; Benzimidazoles; Cameroon; Immunization, Secondary; Quillaja Saponins; Saponins; Swine; Swine Diseases; Taenia solium; Taeniasis; Vaccines; Vaccines, Subunit

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aerosols; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Nasal Mucosa; Pleuropneumonia; Quillaja Saponins; Saliva; Saponins; Serotyping; Swine; Swine Diseases