pyrophosphate and Tuberculosis--Pulmonary

Phosphoantigens are mycobacterial non-peptide antigens that might enhance the immunogenicity of current subunit candidate vaccines for tuberculosis. However, their testing requires monkeys, the only animal models suitable for gammadelta T cell responses to mycobacteria. Thus here, the immunogenicity of 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target-mycolyl transferase complex antigen 85B (ESAT-6-Ag85B) (H-1 hybrid) fusion protein associated or not to a synthetic phosphoantigen was compared by a prime-boost regimen of two groups of eight cynomolgus. Although phosphoantigen activated immediately a strong release of systemic Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha), it further anergized blood gammadelta T lymphocytes selectively. By contrast, the hybrid H-1 induced only memory alphabeta T cell responses, regardless of phosphoantigen. These latter essentially comprised cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for Ag85B (on average + 430 cells/million PBMC) and few IFN-gamma-secreting cells (+ 40 cells/million PBMC, equally specific for ESAT-6 and for Ag85B). Hence, in macaques, a prime-boost with the H-1/phosphoantigen subunit combination induces two waves of immune responses, successively by gammadelta T and alphabeta T lymphocytes.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Cytokines; Diphosphates; Female; Flow Cytometry; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; T-Lymphocytes; Tuberculosis Vaccines; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adult; Aspergillosis; Diphosphates; Female; Gallium Radioisotopes; Granuloma; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Strontium; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary