pyrophosphate and Goiter

Dual fortification of salt with iodine and iron could be a sustainable approach to combating iodine and iron deficiencies.. We compared the efficacy of dual-fortified salt (DFS) made by using 2 proposed contrasting formulas-one fortifying with iron as micronized ground ferric pyrophosphate (MGFePP) and the other with iron as encapsulated ferrous fumarate (EFF)-with the efficacy of iodized salt (IS) in schoolchildren in rural southern India.. After stability and acceptability testing, a double-blind, household-based intervention was conducted in 5-15-y-old children (n = 458) randomly assigned into 3 groups to receive IS or DFS with iron as MGFePP or EFF, both at 2 mg/g salt. We measured hemoglobin, iron status, and urinary iodine at baseline, 5 mo, and 10 mo.. Median serum ferritin and calculated median body iron improved significantly in the 2 groups receiving iron. After 10 mo, the prevalence of anemia decreased from 16.8% to 7.7% in the MGFePP group (P < 0.05) and from 15.1% to 5.0% in the EFF group (P < 0.01). The median urinary iodine concentration increased significantly in the IS and EFF groups (P < 0.001) but not in the MGFePP group. Losses of iodine in salt with 1.8% moisture were high for MGFePP, whereas the EFF segregated in salt with 0.5% moisture and caused color changes in some local foods.. Both DFSs were efficacious in reducing the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in school-age children. Local salt characteristics should be taken into consideration when choosing an iron fortificant for DFS to achieve optimal iodine stability and color.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Biological Availability; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Diphosphates; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferritins; Ferrous Compounds; Food, Fortified; Goiter; Hemoglobins; Humans; India; Iodine; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Iron, Dietary; Male; Prevalence; Rural Health; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Treatment Outcome

In many developing countries, children are at high risk for both goiter and anemia. In areas of subsistence farming in rural Africa, salt is one of the few regularly purchased food items and could be a good fortification vehicle for iodine and iron, provided that a stable yet bioavailable iron fortificant is used.. We tested the efficacy of salt dual-fortified with iodine and micronized ferric pyrophosphate for reducing the prevalence of iodine and iron deficiencies in children.. In rural northern Morocco, we fortified local salt with 25 microg I (as potassium iodate)/g salt and 2 mg Fe (as micronized ferric pyrophosphate; mean particle size = 2.5 microm)/g salt. After storage and acceptability trials, we compared the efficacy of the dual-fortified salt (DFS) with that of iodized salt in a 10-mo, randomized, double-blind trial in iodine-deficient 6-15-y-old children (n = 158) with a high prevalence of anemia.. After storage for 6 mo, there were no significant differences in iodine content or color lightness between the DFS and iodized salt. During the efficacy trial, the DFS provided approximately 18 mg Fe/d; iron absorption was estimated to be approximately 2%. After 10 mo of treatment in the DFS group, mean hemoglobin increased by 16 g/L (P < 0.01), iron status and body iron stores increased significantly (P < 0.01), and the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia decreased from 30% at baseline to 5% (P < 0.001). In both groups, urinary iodine (P < 0.001) and thyroid volume (P < 0.01) improved significantly from baseline.. A DFS containing iodine and micronized ferric pyrophosphate can be an effective fortification strategy in rural Africa.

Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Biological Availability; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Diphosphates; Double-Blind Method; Female; Food Handling; Food, Fortified; Goiter; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iodine; Iron; Iron, Dietary; Male; Morocco; Prevalence; Rural Health; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Thyroid Gland; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Amyloid goiter is a rare clinical entity. The diagnosis is rarely made preoperatively because clinical and laboratory findings are nonspecific. We report two cases of amyloid goiter in whom the diagnosis was made preoperatively using Tc-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyloidosis; Diphosphates; Female; Goiter; Humans; Male; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate; Thyroidectomy

Topics: Acetates; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diphosphates; Electrophoresis; Goiter; Iodine Isotopes; Rats; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Ultraviolet Rays