pyrophosphate and Bone-Diseases

The cardiovascular risk of patients undergoing dialysis is 20-30 times higher than that of individuals of the same age, without abnormal renal function, from the general population. Observational studies of patients with normal and abnormal renal function have shown that there is an association between bone disease, vascular calcification and cardiovascular outcome and that worsening of these conditions happens in parallel. Basic science studies are elucidating several mechanisms that could explain the interaction between bone disease, vascular calcification and cardiovascular outcome. For example, the expression of osteoprotegerin-a protein that regulates bone resorption by binding receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK) ligand (RANKL), thus preventing interaction with the receptor RANK and the stimulation of osteoclast maturation-is regulated by several cytokines. Additionally, osteoprotegerin seems involved in the genesis of atherosclerosis. Imbalances of bone mineral metabolism, bone matrix secretion and vascular smooth-muscle-cell apoptosis seem involved in the ossification of the arterial wall in chronic kidney disease, and could explain some of the complex interactions between bone and vascular disease in renal failure. In this article we present a brief review of some of the basic mechanisms involved in vascular calcification and the clinical evidence of an association of vascular and bone disease.

Topics: Aged; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Blood Proteins; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Calcinosis; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Diphosphates; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Female; Humans; Male; Matrix Gla Protein; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Phosphates; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Factors; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Androgens; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Estrogens; Fluorides; Heparin; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Metabolic Diseases; Organophosphonates; Osteitis Deformans; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Plicamycin

Topics: Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Bone Diseases; Calcitonin; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Child, Preschool; Densitometry; Diphosphates; Homeostasis; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypophosphatasia; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Infant; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Microradiography; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders; Pseudohypoparathyroidism; Rickets; Vitamin D

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Aging; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypoparathyroidism; Menopause; Metabolic Diseases; Osteogenesis; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Space Flight

Topics: Absorption; Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Alkalies; Aluminum; Biopsy; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Diphosphates; Humans; Hydroxides; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypocalcemia; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Glomerulus; Magnesium; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Osteosclerosis; Parathyroid Glands; Phosphates; Radiography; Renal Dialysis; Vitamin D

Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases; Bone Resorption; Calcinosis; Calcium; Diphosphates; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Organophosphonates; Osteogenesis; Osteomalacia; Rats; Renal Dialysis; Uremia

Chronic industrial fluoride toxicosis in the forms of dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis was investigated in 162 villagers (94 males and 78 females) above 15 years of age living in the vicinity of superphosphate fertilizer plants located approximately 12 km south of Udaipur city of Rajasthan, India. Out of these villagers, 90 (55.5%) and 29 (18.0%) were found to be afflicted with mild to severe dental and skeletal fluorosis, respectively. Dental fluorosis characterized with light to deep-brownish bilaterally striated horizontal lines, pits or patches and fine dots or granules was noted on incisor teeth of villagers. Irregular wearing, excessive corrosions (abrasions), dark-brownish pigmentation of exposed cementum and dentine material, diastem as between teeth, pronounced loss of tooth supporting bone with recession and bulging of gingiva (gum) were also present in subjects of older age group (>55 years). Among 29 (18.0%) individuals, mild to moderate manifestations of skeletal fluorosis such as crippling, kyphosis, invalidism and genu-varum syndrome were found. In these fluorotic subjects pain/rigidity in major joints viz. neck, back, hip, knee and shoulder was also found. None of the fluorotic subjects showed evidence of genu-valgum syndrome. Other signs of chronic industrial fluoride intoxication in soft tissues (non-skeletal fluorosis) included colic, intermittent diarrhoea or constipation, bloating, polyuria and polydipsia. These findings indicate that surrounding environment of superphosphate fertilizer plants is contaminated with fluoride emission, which in turn is causing diverse ill health effects in humans which are discussed.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diphosphates; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Fertilizers; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence

Topics: Animals; Body Mass Index; Bone Diseases; Chemical Industry; Diphosphates; Erythrocytes; Female; Fertilizers; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Mice; Muscular Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Occupational Diseases

Topics: Aged; Bone Diseases; Calcium Pyrophosphate; Crystallization; Diphosphates; Humans; Hypertrophy; Ligaments; Male; Muscular Diseases; Spinal Stenosis

The optimum value of diagnostic procedure in the assessment of RP tumoritrophism (99mTc-pyrophosphate) was shown. The results of radionuclide studies using 99mTc-pyrophosphate in 193 patients with bone pathology were cited by way of example. Diagnostic thresholds with error levels were established. The diagnostic criteria (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, etc.) were established proceeding from the criteria of malignant and benign features. Some differential-diagnostic potentialities of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in the recognition of certain groups of bone pathology were revealed.

Topics: Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Diphosphates; Humans; Mathematics; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate

Topics: Bone Diseases; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diphosphates; Humans; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate

Topics: Bone Diseases; Cicatrix; Diphosphates; Diphosphonates; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polyphosphates; Sigmoid Neoplasms; Technetium

The retention of 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate (PPi) at 24 h was measured in 235 patients, 119 of whom had a normal bone metabolism. The mean retention in the group of normal subjects is 52% of the injected dose. Reproducibility of the measurement in a given person is 5.5% coefficient of variation (CV). The value depends strongly on sex (higher in males) and age (higher with increasing age, especially in cortical bone). Retention increases slowly with the decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 50 and 120 ml/min; it rises very rapidly with values below 50 ml/min. The slowing down of the GFR with age does not account for the increase in PPi retention with age. When expressed as a percentage of the expected value for sex and age, retention is frequently low in osteoporosis (P less than .001), more so when urinary hydroxyproline is low; it is normal or high in osteomalacia, and in some cases rises after vitamin D treatment is started; it is high in hyperparathyroidism (P less than .01). The PPi retention is correlated with bone calcium accretion rate, alkaline phosphatase level, and above all, the urinary hydroxyproline level. The lower the bone mineralization (Ca/hydroxyproline ratio in biopsy), the higher the retention value. We conclude that the PPi retention is an index of bone metabolism when GFR is higher than 50 ml/min. It allows for classification of metabolic bone diseases according to the bone turnover rate. It has the advantage over the usual biologic examinations in that it affords better observation of highly localized bone disorders and can be used in combination with a morphologic record, the bone scintigraphy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphosphates; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Male; Middle Aged; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate

Topics: Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate

Topics: Bone Diseases; Calcinosis; Calcium Pyrophosphate; Diphosphates; Fingers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography

A patient with pyrophosphate arthropathy is reported who had no calcifications on joint radiographs, and no crystals were found in polarized light microscopy of the synovial fluid. Using techniques for idenfication of crystals at the ultrastructural level, abundant small (less than or equal to 1 mu) pyrophosphate crystals were recognized and identified. The possibility of "ultramicrocrystal depositions", including pyrophosphate arthropathy, is important to consider in acute arthritides since small crystals might cause more intense inflammation and be the cause of arthritides, hitherto not possible to classify.

Topics: Aged; Bone Diseases; Calcium Pyrophosphate; Chondrocalcinosis; Crystallization; Diphosphates; Humans; Joint Diseases; Knee Joint; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Adolescent; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphosphates; Fanconi Syndrome; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Osteomalacia; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders; Radionuclide Imaging; Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors; Technetium

The authors have performed radioisotope examinations in 271 patients with various non-neoplastic bone diseases. According to their opinion, early diagnosis and follow-up of therapeutic results are the main characteristics which allow radioisotopes to play an important and irreplaceable role. They particularly emphasize the usefulness of radioisotope methods in femoral aseptic necrosis and Paget's disease.

Topics: Adolescent; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Epiphyses, Slipped; Female; Femur Head Necrosis; Follow-Up Studies; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Inflammation; Osteitis Deformans; Postoperative Complications; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Adult; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Humans; Male; Muscles; Physical Exertion; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Humans; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Technetium; Tin

Technetium-99m pyrophosphate bone images were contrasted with radiographic findings in two patients with osteopoikilosis, one with osteopathia striata, and one with melorheostosis. Despite the striking radiographic findings, scans were normal in osteopoikilosis and osteopathia striata. In melorheostosis, focal increased radiopharmaceutical accumulation appeared in each radiographically abnormal area. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate bone images should prove helpful when superimposed osseous disease must be differentiated from osteopoikilosis, osteopathia striata, or melorheostosis.

Topics: Adult; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Male; Melorheostosis; Middle Aged; Osteopoikilosis; Osteosclerosis; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Bone Diseases; Bone Resorption; Diphosphates; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Parathyroid Diseases; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Hormone; Pseudohypoparathyroidism; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Bone-to-bone, iliosacral joint-to-os sacrum and joint-to-joint ratios were computed using the region-of-interest technique 2 to 3 hrs. after injection of 99mTc Sn-methylene-diphosphonate or 99mTc Sn-pyrophosphate in 139 patients with skeletal diseases (bone tumours, degenerative changes of the spine and joints, inflammatory changes of joints) as well as in 123 patients with normal skeletal states. In the latter group, iliosacral joint-to-os sacrum ratios decreased with increasing age of the patients. In patients with osseous metastases of the spine ratios of 0.80 to 4.0 occurred ( reference area second vertebra below or above the affected vertebra). In degenerative changes of the spine values of 0.80 to 1.69 were computed. These results show, that 74% of the spine metastases could not be differentiated from benign changes of the spine by determining their relative amounts of bone uptake. In bone tumours of the extremities and in rheumatoid or gouty arthritis of the small joints (hands and feet) the highest ratios, i.e. contrasts, occurred referring to a contralateral reference area. Osteoarthritic and inflammatory alterations of the big joints could not be differentiated because of percentual distribution of the increased joint-to-joint ratios turned out to be nearly identical.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Colonic Neoplasms; Diphosphates; Diphosphonates; Extremities; Femur; Gout; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Hypertrophy; Lumbar Vertebrae; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteoarthritis; Radionuclide Imaging; Spinal Neoplasms; Spinal Osteophytosis; Spondylolisthesis; Technetium

Topics: Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diphosphates; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Tin

Two patients who had decreased pulmonary artery blood flow to the right lung showed increased clarity of rib detail on a bone scan over the affected hemithorax as contrasted with the uninvolved side. Decreased blood background is postulated to result in enhancement of rib detail on the affected side.

Topics: Aged; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Humans; Lung; Male; Organophosphonates; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

An ovarian carcinoma which avidly accumulated 99mTc-pyrophosphate was imaged during a bone scan. The primary tumor and its implants over the liver surface were both visualized. Although imaging of such an ovarian malignancy has not been previously reported, it offers a potential method for assessing neoplastic size and spread.

Topics: Adult; Bone Diseases; Cystadenoma; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Diphosphates; Femur; Liver; Mice; Organophosphorus Compounds; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

In a group of hospital patients with various diseases, the urinary hydroxyproline-to-creatinine ratio showed a significant correlation (r = 0.63; p less than 0.001) with the 5-hr bone-to-soft-tissue ratio for 99mTc-pyrophosphate uptake. In patients on chronic hemodialysis, a similar correlation was found between the 5-hr bone-to-soft-tissue ratio and hydroxyproline levels in plasma and serum. The findings suggest that 99mTc-pyrophosphate binding by bone is related to collagen metabolism.

Topics: Aged; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Radionuclide Imaging; Renal Dialysis; Technetium

Radionuclide bone scans were performed on two patients with leprosy. The resulting scan patterns simulated hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and diffuse arthritis, findings entirely consistent with the primary disease process.

Topics: Adult; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Humans; Leprosy; Male; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Humans; Lung; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-polyphosphate or 99mTc-pyrophosphate was carried out in 54 children suspected of bone disease. Signs of skeletal metastases were recognized in 13 children by scintigraphy whereas X-ray examination showed lesions in only 10 of these. In 5 children with primary osteosarcoma, three cases of fibrous dysplasia, and 4 cases of osteomyelitis, the lesions were clearly demonstrated by scintigraphy. Abnormal accumulation of radioactivity in soft tissue lesions was observed in primary adrenal neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's granuloma, and metastatic Burkitt's lymphoma. Several cases are reported, and the value of bone scintigraphy in children is discussed.

Topics: Adolescent; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Phosphates; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Adolescent; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Diphosphates; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

The radiochemical purity of preparations for 99mTc-bone-scanning was tested using thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. The investigation included ten commercial kits, comprising four types of phosphorus compounds, i.e. sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphonate, and sodium monofluorophosphate. Out-spoken differences in the content of free pertechnetate were found between the different kits. The contents in preparations from the same kit were fairly constant, but in some cases a change could be referred to the age of the 99mTc-generator or the time of analysis. No significant difference was found between preparations made from eluate with and without oxidizer. A 99mTc-tin-colloid was sporadically present in the preparations.

Topics: Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Diphosphonates; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Phosphates; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Comparative studies between routine roentgenograms and scintiphotographs using 99mTc-pyrophosphate, of the hands and feet are documented in three cases of bone sarcoidosis. All the abnormal roentgenographic findings were also detected by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone imaging. However, several areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were found in areas with normal roentgenographic studies. These results suggest that the 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scintiphotographs might be more sensitive than radiographs in the localization of the bone involvement in sarcoidosis.

Topics: Adult; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Female; Foot; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Sarcoidosis; Technetium

A study was undertaken to investigate the behavior of 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate complex in metabolic bone disease. Of clinical importance was the generalized increased periarticular bone accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical in osteomalacia and in combined osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa as found in patients with chronic renal failure. The pattern in primary hyperparathyroidism was variable. There was no correlation between the initial rates of accumulation of the radiophosphate complex or its bone to soft-tissue uptake ratio at 5 hr when compared with the degree of osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa. It is postulated that the 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate complex has greater affinity for immature collagen than the crystal surface.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Anorexia Nervosa; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Osteomalacia; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Renal Dialysis; Technetium

The authors report the results they obtained by bone scintigraphy using technetium pyrophosphate. In a study of 142 patients with cancer, the authors show, as others have done, that bone scintigraphy makes it possible to find bone metastases that are radiologically undetectable and they emphasize the importance of this discovery. In 7 patients with spondylodiscitis, of whom 1 was without radiological signs at the time the scintigraphy was carried out, the authors always observed localized vertebral hyperfixation and they noted that this examination can be valuable for distinguishing spondylodiscitis from pseudo-Pott's discarthroses and from the lesions of vertebral epiphysitis, which in their experience do not result in isotopic hyperfixation. In 7 patients with epiphyseal osteonecrosis, the authors observed isotopic hyperfixation before the appearance of radiological signs. In 12 patients with osteoporosis, the authors observed hyperfixation in bone in certain compressed vertebrae, whereas other vertebrae that had probably been compressed some considerable time earlier did not fix the isotope excessively. They never observed hyperfixation in vertebrae that were not compressed. Among 5 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with radiological signs of sacro-iliac arthritis, the authors observed sacro-iliac hyperfixation in only 3 cases. Two other patients who had signs indicating ankylosing spondylarthritis, but were without radiological signs of sacro-iliac arthritis did not show sacro-iliac hyperfixation of the isotope. Among 7 patients with Paget's disease, the authors observed hyperfixation in all the bones with radiological signs of disease; in addition, in 3 patients, there was also hyperfixation in certain bones that were radiologically clear.

Topics: Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diphosphates; Epiphyses, Slipped; Humans; Joint Diseases; Knee Joint; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoarthritis; Osteoporosis; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Spinal Diseases; Spondylitis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Technetium

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diphosphates; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Strontium; Technetium; Tin

Kinetics and clinical studies of bone scintiscanning with 99mTc-pyrophosphate in 92 patients with certified diagnosis allowed the following conclusions: 1. After i.v. injection 99mTc-pyrophosphate is distributed in 3 compartments, from which it is cleared with biological half-lives of 32.7 minutes, 5.1 hours and 22.54 hours respectively. The relative size of these compartments is 1 : 3 : 6. After application of the substance, an initially high renal excretion with a consecutive exponential drop can be observed. The optimal period for scintigraphic studies seems therefore to be from 3-6 hrs, as at this time there is still an adequate activity in bone structures, while the low background activity yields a good contrast on scintiscans. 2. The clinical results of bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate with 88.6% correct diagnoses can be considered as "very good". This feature can partly be attributed to an improved correlation of radiographic and scintigraphic images by the use of a specially designed, combined radiographic-photoscanning detector system. 3. Preliminary results concerning the quantitative uptake of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in fractures of the extremities suggest, that the quantitative analyses of the registered data can provide valuable prognostic information in traumatic, inflammatory and neoplastic bone lesions.

Topics: Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diphosphates; Fractures, Bone; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

Topics: Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Calcium; Diphosphates; Fluorine; Humans; Methods; Phosphates; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Strontium Radioisotopes; Technetium

Topics: Bone Diseases; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Diphosphates; Humans; Hydrolysis; Phosphates; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Tin

Topics: Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Tin

Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphates; Radionuclide Imaging; Sacroiliac Joint; Spine; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Sternoclavicular Joint; Sternum; Strontium Radioisotopes; Technetium; Tomography, X-Ray; Zinc

Topics: Arthritis; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Diphosphates; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoarthritis; Osteolysis; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Radionuclide Imaging; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; Rheumatic Diseases; Technetium; Tin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Whole-Body Counting

Topics: Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diphosphates; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Methods; Polymers; Radionuclide Imaging; Strontium Isotopes; Technetium

Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases; Diphosphates; Dogs; Fluorine; Humans; Phosphates; Rabbits; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Strontium Radioisotopes

Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diphosphates; Drug Combinations; Humans; Joint Diseases; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pelvic Neoplasms; Phosphates; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium

An isotope dilution method, using (32)P-labeled pyrophosphate, has been developed for the measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(1)) in human plasma. The specificity of the method was better than 90% as assessed by elution patterns during ion-exchange chromatography, by paper chromatography, and by incubation with inorganic pyrophosphatase. The 99% confidence limits for a single estimation of plasma PP(1) was +/-13%. There were no differences in plasma PP(1) between men and women, but the values in young people (0-15 yr) were slightly higher than in older people. The mean concentration (+/-SE) of PP(1) in the plasma of 73 men and women was 3.50 +/-0.11 mumoles/liter (0.217 +/-0.007 mug P/ml) and the normal range (99% limits) was 1.19-5.65 mumoles/liter (0.074-0.350 mug P/ml). It has been suggested that PP(1) may be important in calcium metabolism because PP(1) can prevent the precipitation of calcium phosphates in vitro and in vivo, and can slow the rates at which hydroxyapatite crystals grow and dissolve. Plasma PP(1) was therefore measured in several disorders of bone. Normal values were found in osteogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis, "acute" osteoporosis, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Plasma PP(1) was invariably raised in hypophosphatasia. The excess of PP(1) in plasma might be the cause of the defective mineralization in hypophosphatasia and the function of alkaline phosphatase in bone may be to act as a pyrophosphatase at sites of calcium deposition.

Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Dialysis; Diphosphates; Humans; Hypophosphatasia; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Osteopetrosis; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Phosphorus Isotopes; Pyrophosphatases; Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Glands; Phosphorus Isotopes

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Alcohols; Bone Diseases; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Child, Preschool; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Phosphates; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases; Bone Regeneration; Diphosphates; Dogs; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Minerals; Necrosis; Osteogenesis; Pelvic Bones; Pyridoxine; Rabbits; Radiotherapy