pyrimidinones and Thyrotoxicosis

In the last few years, melanoma treatment has been revolutionized by the development of immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies or immune checkpoint inhibitors including ipilimumab, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab. Although they have shown promising results, they also have caused multiple adverse events (AEs), particularly immune-related AEs (irAEs). Specialists should be familiar with these AEs.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Eruptions; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypophysitis; Hypothyroidism; Imidazoles; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indoles; Ipilimumab; Melanoma; Mycophenolic Acid; Nivolumab; Oximes; Pyridones; Pyrimidinones; Skin Neoplasms; Sulfonamides; Sweet Syndrome; Thyrotoxicosis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vemurafenib; Vitiligo

Hyperthyroidism has been described after highly active antiretroviral therapy for AIDS and has been attributed to late onset immune reconstitution. The team reports a young Polynesian man with AIDS who responded to highly active antiretroviraltherapy. However, 15 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, he was hospitalized for hypokalemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, an unusual manifestation of hyperthyroidism which typically occurs in young Asian males.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Autoimmunity; Diarrhea; Drug Combinations; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Graves Disease; Hawaii; Humans; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis; Iodine Radioisotopes; Lamivudine; Lopinavir; Male; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Polynesia; Pyrimidinones; Thyrotoxicosis; Zidovudine