Page last updated: 2024-08-18

pyridostigmine bromide and Gulf War Syndrome

pyridostigmine bromide has been researched along with Gulf War Syndrome in 83 studies

Research

Studies (83)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	21 (25.30)	18.2507
2000's	20 (24.10)	29.6817
2010's	25 (30.12)	24.3611
2020's	17 (20.48)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Beck, KD; Citron, BA; Delic, V; Karp, J; Klein, J; Murray, KE; Myers, CE; Ratliff, WA; Stalnaker, KJ	1
Bishay, AE; Carabelli, B; Chinthirla, DB; Currás-Collazo, MC; Denys, ME; Hsiao, A; Kozlova, EV; Tran, JD; Zur Nieden, NI	1
Bishay, AE; Carabelli, B; Crawford, MS; Curras-Collazo, MC; Denys, ME; Hsiao, A; Kozlova, EV; Liu, R; Macbeth, JC; McCole, DF; Piamthai, V; Zur Nieden, NI	1
Iannucci, J; Nizamutdinov, D; Shapiro, LA	1
Harrison, K; Klaunig, JE; Koyama, S; Meng, F; Shetty, AK; Slevin, E; Wan, Y; Wu, C	1
Clevenger, AJ; Collier, CA; Foncerrada, S; Raghavan, SA; Shetty, A	1
Carreras, I; Dedeoglu, A; Jung, Y; Lopez-Benitez, J; Tognoni, CM	1
Abdullah, L; Aldrich, G; Baraniuk, J; Bartenfelder, G; Chao, L; Crawford, F; Hoffmann, M; Keegan, A; Klimas, N; Krengel, M; Mullan, M; Niedospial, D; Nkiliza, A; Sullivan, K	1
Ayala, KE; Burzynski, HE; Dufala, HA; Eberl, BR; Fadel, JR; Frick, MA; Grillo, CA; Hollis, F; Macht, VA; McQuail, JA; Reagan, LP; Woodruff, JL	1
Alexander, T; Falvo, MJ; Klein-Adams, JC; Meyer, JN; Ndirangu, DS; Pan, WK; Ryde, IT	1
Moss, JI	4
Bose, D; Chatterjee, S; Holland, LA; Horner, RD; Janulewicz Lloyd, P; Kimono, D; Klimas, N; Lim, ES; Maqsood, R; Mondal, A; Seth, RK; Sullivan, K	1
Carpenter, JM; Filipov, NM; Gordon, HE; Harn, DA; Ludwig, HD; Norberg, T; Wagner, JJ	1
Fried, D; Grubišić, V; Gulbransen, BD; Hernandez, S; Morales-Soto, W	1
Heeren, T; Krengel, MH; Maule, AL; Proctor, SP; Sullivan, KA; Yee, MK; Zundel, CG	1
Gerzanich, V; Ivanova, S; Keledjian, K; Kim, K; Moyer, M; Negoita, S; Semick, S; Simard, JM; Tsymbalyuk, O	1
Hoffman, JF; Kalinich, JF	1
Coughlin, SS; Heboyan, V; Klimas, N; Krengel, M; Sullivan, K; Wilson, CC; Zundel, CG	1
Clark, JD; Goba, L; Huang, TT; Nguyen, H; Sahbaie, P; Sul, J; Suzaki, A	1
Kelly, KA; Locker, AR; Michalovicz, LT; Miller, DB; Miller, JV; O'Callaghan, JP	1
Aytan, N; Blusztajn, JK; Carreras, I; Choi, JK; Crabtree, L; Dedeoglu, A; Jenkins, BG; Lehar, M; Leite-Morris, K; Mellott, T	1
Cooper, BY; Flunker, LD; Johnson, RD; Nutter, TJ	1
Grillo, CA; Macht, VA; Reagan, LP; Wilson, MA; Wood, CS; Woodruff, JL	1
Deng, C; Mukherjee, S; Nizamutdinov, D; Shapiro, LA; Stauss, HM	1
Barnes, Z; Fletcher, MA; Kelly, KA; Klimas, NG; Lasley, SM; Locker, AR; Michalovicz, LT; Miller, DB; Miller, JV; Morris, M; O'Callaghan, JP	1
Croft, AM; Mawson, AR	1
Fried, DE; Grubišić, V; Gulbransen, BD; Hernandez, S; McClain, JL	1
Fadel, JR; Grillo, CA; Macht, VA; Maissy, ES; Reagan, LP; Wilson, MA; Woodruff, JL	1
Attaluri, S; Gitai, D; Kodali, M; Madhu, LN; Shetty, AK; Shuai, B; Upadhya, R	1
Abdullah, L; Crawford, F; Cseresznye, A; Darcey, T; Evans, JE; Hammock, B; Hongsibsong, S; Joshi, U; Keegan, AP; Klimas, N; Langlois, H; Mullan, M; Oberlin, S; Ojo, J; Paris, D; Pearson, A; Raya, B; Saltiel, N; Stern, LJ; Sullivan, K; Vasylieva, N	1
Hattiangady, B; Parihar, VK; Shetty, AK; Shuai, B	1
Cook, MR; Gerkovich, MM; Lockridge, O; Sastre, A; Steele, L	1
Abdullah, L; Ait-Ghezala, G; Crawford, F; Crynen, G; Mathura, V; Mullan, M; Mullan, MJ; Nissanka, N; Reed, J; Tweed, M; Zakirova, Z	1
Cooper, BY; Johnson, RD; Nutter, TJ	1
Kerr, KJ	1
Clark, ME; Farmer, DM; Kurata, WE; Matsumoto, KW; Pierce, LM	1
Amourette, C; Barbier, L; Diserbo, M; Fauquette, W; Lamproglou, I; Viret, R; Zoppe, A	1
Cook, MR; Gerkovich, MM; Sastre, A; Steele, L	1
Abdullah, L; Ait-Ghezala, G; Bishop, A; Crawford, F; Crynen, G; Ferguson, S; Mathura, V; Mouzon, B; Mullan, M; Phillips, J; Reed, J	1
Israeli, E	1
Abdullah, L; Ait-Ghezala, G; Bishop, A; Crawford, FC; Crynen, G; Evans, JE; Ferro, A; Mullan, CM; Mullan, MA; Mullan, MJ; Pelot, R; Phillips, J; Reed, JM	1
Schoenig, GP	1
Baynes, RE; Monteiro-Riviere, NA; Riviere, JE	2
Dudley, A; Eudaly, E; Eudaly, J; Gilkeson, G; Keil, DE; Lee, A; Peden-Adam, MM; Robbs, J; Zeigler, J	1
Couzin, J	1
Brower, V	1
Abdel-Rahman, A; Abou-Donia, M; Abou-Donia, S; El-Masry, E; Shetty, A	1
Bressler, JP; Lal, B; Murthy, R; Pope, C; Shaikh, J; Song, X	1
Gebhardt, DO	1
Staines, D	1
Bowditch, AP; Griffiths, GD; Pearce, PC; Scott, EA; Stevens, D	1
Bowditch, AP; Chamberlain, S; Griffiths, GD; Mann, TM; Pearce, PC; Scott, EA; Smith, A; Williams, KE; Wilson, S	1
Brown, AP; Griffiths, GD; Hornby, RJ; Jagger, CP; Pearce, PC; Pritchard, DI; Scott, L; Stoten, A	1
Bowditch, AP; Griffiths, GD; Hornby, RJ; Pearce, PC; Scott, L	1
Armenian, HK; Lucas, KE; Rowe, PC	1
Lotti, M; Moretto, A	1
Pennisi, E	1
Meehan, SK	1
Friedman, A; Hendler, I; Kaufer, D; Shemer, J; Soreq, H; Tur-Kaspa, I	1
Wadman, M	1
Haley, RW; Kurt, TL	1
Landrigan, PJ	1
Tiedt, TN	1
Jamal, GA	1
Shen, ZX	1
Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Canini, F; Carpentier, P; Foquin, A; Lallement, G	1
Beldowicz, D; Guo, W; Natelson, BH; Ottenweller, JE; Servatius, RJ; Zhu, G	1
De Jongh, R; Hoy, JB; Karlix, JL; Schmidt, CJ; Tebbett, IR; van Haaren, F; Wielbo, D	1
Prophet, S	1
Ryan, RP	1
Lotti, M	1
Drake-Baumann, R; Seil, FJ	1
Billecke, S; Haley, RW; La Du, BN	1
Charatan, F	1
Morris, J	1
Beck, KD; Beldowicz, D; Brennan, FX; Moldow, RL; Ottenweller, JE; Servatius, RJ; Zhu, G	1
Bollman, SR; Bonjour, GN; Brown, BF; Castelo, CS; Crow, JR; Deng, LY; Fink, CJ; Hall, CA; Jurich, AP; Kaufman, M; Krehbiel, M; Lash, JF; Owens, BL; Reppert, EJ; Schumm, WR; Stever, JC; Webb, FJ	1

Reviews

6 review(s) available for pyridostigmine bromide and Gulf War Syndrome

Article	Year
Dysbiosis in gastrointestinal pathophysiology: Role of the gut microbiome in Gulf War Illness. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2023, Volume: 27, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gulf War; Mice; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2023
Gulf War Illness: Unifying Hypothesis for a Continuing Health Problem. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019, 01-03, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Vaccination; Veterans	2019
Gulf War illness: an overview of events, most prevalent health outcomes, exposures, and clues as to pathogenesis. Reviews on environmental health, 2015, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Australia; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Environmental Exposure; Europe; Gulf War; Humans; Mustard Gas; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pesticides; Prevalence; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; United States; Veterans	2015
Gulf War syndrome as a part of the autoimmune (autoinflammatory) syndrome induced by adjuvant (ASIA). Lupus, 2012, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2012
Gulf War syndrome--a model for the complexity of biological and environmental interaction with human health. Adverse drug reactions and toxicological reviews, 1998, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Military Personnel; Occupational Exposure; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Risk Factors; Vaccination; Veterans	1998
Central nervous system effects from a peripherally acting cholinesterase inhibiting agent: interaction with stress or genetics. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2001, Volume: 933 Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Electroshock; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Muscle Contraction; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Prosencephalon; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salivation; Stress, Physiological	2001

Other Studies

77 other study(ies) available for pyridostigmine bromide and Gulf War Syndrome

Article	Year
Pyridostigmine bromide, chlorpyrifos, and DEET combined Gulf War exposure insult depresses mitochondrial function in neuroblastoma cells. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 2021, Volume: 35, Issue:12 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorpyrifos; DEET; Humans; Mice; Mitochondria; Neuroblastoma; Oxygen Consumption; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Protein Kinases; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Signal Transduction; War Exposure	2021
Persistent exercise fatigue and associative learning deficits in combination with transient glucose dyshomeostasis in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Life sciences, 2022, Jan-15, Volume: 289 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Fatigue; Glucose; Humans; Learning Disabilities; Male; Mice; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2022
Induction of distinct neuroinflammatory markers and gut dysbiosis by differential pyridostigmine bromide dosing in a chronic mouse model of GWI showing persistent exercise fatigue and cognitive impairment. Life sciences, 2022, Jan-01, Volume: 288 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognitive Dysfunction; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dysbiosis; Endotoxemia; Fatigue; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Gliosis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuralgia; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2022
Neurogenesis and chronic neurobehavioral outcomes are partially improved by vagus nerve stimulation in a mouse model of Gulf War illness. Neurotoxicology, 2022, Volume: 90 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Gulf War; Mice; Neurogenesis; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Vagus Nerve Stimulation	2022
Acute Exposure to Pyridostigmine Bromide Disrupts Cholinergic Myenteric Neuroimmune Function in Mice. Advanced biology, 2023, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Quality of Life	2023
Fingolimod mitigates memory loss in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness amid decreasing the activation of microglia, protein kinase R, and NFκB. Neurotoxicology, 2023, Volume: 96 Topics: Amnesia; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Gulf War; Male; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microglia; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; NF-kappa B; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Protein Kinases; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2023
Genetic association between the APOE ε4 allele, toxicant exposures and Gulf war illness diagnosis. Environmental health : a global access science source, 2023, Jul-06, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Apolipoproteins E; Female; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pesticides; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Smoke; Veterans	2023
Delayed cognitive impairments in a rat model of Gulf War Illness are stimulus-dependent. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2023, Volume: 113 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognitive Dysfunction; Disease Models, Animal; Gulf War; Lipopolysaccharides; Memory Disorders; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats	2023
Bioenergetic function is decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of veterans with Gulf War Illness. PloS one, 2023, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Biological Warfare Agents; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Mitochondrial; Energy Metabolism; Gulf War; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pesticides; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Veterans	2023
Gulf War Illnesses are autoimmune conditions caused by the direct effect of the nerve gas prophylaxis drug (pyridostigmine bromide) on anergic immune system lymphocytes. Medical hypotheses, 2019, Volume: 132 Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; B-Lymphocytes; Combat Disorders; Gulf War; Humans; Muscarinic Agonists; Nerve Agents; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, Muscarinic; Stress, Psychological; T-Lymphocytes	2019
Gut DNA Virome Diversity and Its Association with Host Bacteria Regulate Inflammatory Phenotype and Neuronal Immunotoxicity in Experimental Gulf War Illness. Viruses, 2019, 10-21, Volume: 11, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Bacteria; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; DNA; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Phenotype; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Ribavirin; Viruses	2019
Neurochemical and neuroinflammatory perturbations in two Gulf War Illness models: Modulation by the immunotherapeutic LNFPIII. Neurotoxicology, 2020, Volume: 77 Topics: Amino Sugars; Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Brain; Brain Chemistry; DEET; Disease Models, Animal; Encephalitis; Humans; Immunotherapy; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pesticides; Polysaccharides; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Spleen	2020
Pyridostigmine bromide exposure creates chronic, underlying neuroimmune disruption in the gastrointestinal tract and brain that alters responses to palmitoylethanolamide in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Neuropharmacology, 2020, 11-15, Volume: 179 Topics: Amides; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanolamines; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroimmunomodulation; Palmitic Acids; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2020
Longitudinal Assessment of Health Symptoms in Relation to Neurotoxicant Exposures in 1991 Gulf War Veterans: The Ft. Devens Cohort. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2020, Volume: 62, Issue:9 Topics: Cohort Studies; Gulf War; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Neurotoxins; Occupational Exposure; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Veterans	2020
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone, ameliorates neurofunctional and neuroinflammatory abnormalities in a rat model of Gulf War Illness. PloS one, 2020, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Astrocytes; Brain; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hippocampus; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Persian Gulf Syndrome; PPAR gamma; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rosiglitazone; Stress, Psychological	2020
Effects of Incubation of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes with Pyridostigmine Bromide, DEET, or Permethrin in the Absence or Presence of Metal Salts. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020, 11-11, Volume: 17, Issue:22 Topics: Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; DEET; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Metals, Heavy; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Salts	2020
Neurotoxicant exposures and rates of Chronic Multisymptom Illness and Kansas Gulf War Illness criteria in Gulf War deployed women veterans. Life sciences, 2021, Sep-01, Volume: 280 Topics: Biological Warfare Agents; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chronic Disease; Environmental Exposure; Female; Gulf War; Humans; Kansas; Middle Aged; Neurotoxins; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pesticides; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Smoke; Veterans	2021
Exposure to Gulf War Illness-related agents leads to the development of chronic pain and fatigue. Life sciences, 2021, Oct-15, Volume: 283 Topics: Animals; Chlorpyrifos; Chronic Pain; DEET; Disease Models, Animal; Fatigue; Humans; Mice; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2021
Corticosterone primes the neuroinflammatory response to Gulf War Illness-relevant organophosphates independently of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Journal of neurochemistry, 2017, Volume: 142, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Corticosterone; Disease Models, Animal; Gulf War; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Organophosphates; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2017
Anxiety, neuroinflammation, cholinergic and GABAergic abnormalities are early markers of Gulf War illness in a mouse model of the disease. Brain research, 2018, 02-15, Volume: 1681 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anxiety; Astrocytes; Brain; DEET; Disease Models, Animal; Encephalitis; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Mice, Transgenic; Microglia; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Stress, Psychological	2018
Behavioral, cellular and molecular maladaptations covary with exposure to pyridostigmine bromide in a rat model of gulf war illness pain. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2018, 08-01, Volume: 352 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chlorpyrifos; DEET; Disease Models, Animal; Ganglia, Spinal; KCNQ Potassium Channels; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; NAV1.9 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Pain Perception; Pain Threshold; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; TRPA1 Cation Channel	2018
Pathophysiology in a model of Gulf War Illness: Contributions of pyridostigmine bromide and stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2018, Volume: 96 Topics: Animals; Brain; Cholinesterases; Corticosterone; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Gulf War; Male; Memory Disorders; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological; Time Factors	2018
Gulf War agents pyridostigmine bromide and permethrin cause hypersensitive nociception that is restored after vagus nerve stimulation. Neurotoxicology, 2018, Volume: 69 Topics: Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Mice; Nociception; Pain Threshold; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Vagus Nerve Stimulation	2018
Corticosterone and pyridostigmine/DEET exposure attenuate peripheral cytokine expression: Supporting a dominant role for neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Neurotoxicology, 2019, Volume: 70 Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Corticosterone; Cytokines; DEET; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Insect Repellents; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2019
Gastrointestinal neuroimmune disruption in a mouse model of Gulf War illness. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2019, Volume: 33, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Colon; Cytokines; Enteric Nervous System; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroglia; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2019
Pyridostigmine bromide and stress interact to impact immune function, cholinergic neurochemistry and behavior in a rat model of Gulf War Illness. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2019, Volume: 80 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; C-Reactive Protein; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Conditioning, Classical; Disease Models, Animal; Fear; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Prefrontal Cortex; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological	2019
Neuroinflammation in Gulf War Illness is linked with HMGB1 and complement activation, which can be discerned from brain-derived extracellular vesicles in the blood. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2019, Volume: 81 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Complement Activation; Cytokines; DEET; Disease Models, Animal; Encephalitis; Extracellular Vesicles; Gulf War; HMGB1 Protein; Inflammation; Male; Neuroimmunomodulation; Neurons; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats	2019
A permethrin metabolite is associated with adaptive immune responses in Gulf War Illness. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2019, Volume: 81 Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adult; Animals; Benzoates; Brain; Central Nervous System; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gulf War; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Middle Aged; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Veterans	2019
Mood and memory deficits in a model of Gulf War illness are linked with reduced neurogenesis, partial neuron loss, and mild inflammation in the hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Cell Death; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; DEET; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Memory Disorders; Mood Disorders; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological; Swimming	2013
Gulf War illnesses are autoimmune illnesses caused by increased activity of the p38/MAPK pathway in CD4+ immune system cells, which was caused by nerve agent prophylaxis and adrenergic load. Medical hypotheses, 2013, Volume: 81, Issue:6 Topics: Albuterol; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Humans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Models, Biological; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sodium Chloride; Th17 Cells	2013
Butyrylcholinesterase genotype and enzyme activity in relation to Gulf War illness: preliminary evidence of gene-exposure interaction from a case-control study of 1991 Gulf War veterans. Environmental health : a global access science source, 2015, Jan-09, Volume: 14 Topics: Adult; Butyrylcholinesterase; Case-Control Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Genotype; Gulf War; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Military Personnel; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Veterans	2015
Gulf War agent exposure causes impairment of long-term memory formation and neuropathological changes in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression; Gulf War; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Memory, Long-Term; Memory, Short-Term; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Synaptophysin; Time Factors	2015
A delayed chronic pain like condition with decreased Kv channel activity in a rat model of Gulf War Illness pain syndrome. Neurotoxicology, 2015, Volume: 51 Topics: Animals; Chlorpyrifos; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chronic Pain; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels; Disease Models, Animal; Ganglia, Spinal; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel; Male; Membrane Potentials; Nociceptors; Pain Threshold; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	2015
Long-term epigenetic alterations in a rat model of Gulf War Illness. Neurotoxicology, 2016, Volume: 55 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Methylation; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epigenesis, Genetic; Fluoresceins; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Male; MicroRNAs; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger	2016
Justice delayed: acknowledging the reality of Gulf War illness. Lancet (London, England), 2008, Nov-29, Volume: 372, Issue:9653 Topics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pesticides; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Social Justice; Veterans	2008
Gulf War illness: Effects of repeated stress and pyridostigmine treatment on blood-brain barrier permeability and cholinesterase activity in rat brain. Behavioural brain research, 2009, Nov-05, Volume: 203, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Autoradiography; Avoidance Learning; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Erythrocytes; Male; Permeability; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Stress, Physiological	2009
Complex factors in the etiology of Gulf War illness: wartime exposures and risk factors in veteran subgroups. Environmental health perspectives, 2012, Volume: 120, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Gulf War; Humans; Iraq; Kuwait; Male; Middle Aged; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pesticides; Prevalence; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Risk Factors; Veterans	2012
Proteomic CNS profile of delayed cognitive impairment in mice exposed to Gulf War agents. Neuromolecular medicine, 2011, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anxiety; Biological Transport; Central Nervous System; Cognition Disorders; Endocrine System; Enzyme Inhibitors; Immune System; Insecticides; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Mice; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Proteomics; Psychomotor Performance; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Veterans	2011
Gulf War illnesses are autoimmune illnesses caused by reactive oxygen species which were caused by nerve agent prophylaxis. Medical hypotheses, 2012, Volume: 79, Issue:2 Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Models, Biological; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Reactive Oxygen Species	2012
Lipidomic profiling of phosphocholine-containing brain lipids in mice with sensorimotor deficits and anxiety-like features after exposure to Gulf War agents. Neuromolecular medicine, 2012, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Ataxia; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; DEET; Dentate Gyrus; Disease Models, Animal; Exploratory Behavior; Fatty Acids; Female; Gliosis; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Permethrin; Peroxisomes; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Phosphatidylcholines; Psychomotor Performance; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Random Allocation; Rotarod Performance Test; Sensation Disorders; Sphingomyelins; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase	2012
Locomotor and sensorimotor performance deficit in rats following exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin. Alone and in combination. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2002, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; DEET; Drug Interactions; Insect Repellents; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Psychomotor Performance; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cholinergic	2002
Pyridostigmine bromide modulates topical irritant-induced cytokine release from human epidermal keratinocytes and isolated perfused porcine skin. Toxicology, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 183, Issue:1-3 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cytokines; DEET; Dinoprostone; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Interleukin-8; Keratinocytes; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Skin; Skin Absorption; Swine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	2003
Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by single or concurrent exposure to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), pyridostigmine bromide (PYR), and JP-8 jet fuel. Toxicology and industrial health, 2001, Volume: 17, Issue:5-10 Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; DEET; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Female; Hydrocarbons; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune System; Insect Repellents; Mice; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2001
Clinical trials. New rule triggers debate over best way to test drugs. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2003, Mar-14, Volume: 299, Issue:5613 Topics: Advisory Committees; Animals; Biological Warfare; Chemical Warfare Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Approval; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Military Personnel; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Poisoning; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Vaccines	2003
Gulf War syndrome revisited. EMBO reports, 2003, Volume: 4, Issue:6 Topics: Environmental Exposure; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Military Medicine; Mutation; Nervous System Diseases; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Stress, Physiological; Veterans; Warfare	2003
Stress and combined exposure to low doses of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin produce neurochemical and neuropathological alterations in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, 2004, Jan-23, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorders; DEET; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hippocampus; Humans; Insect Repellents; Movement Disorders; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological	2004
Interactive effects of paraoxon and pyridostigmine on blood-brain barrier integrity and cholinergic toxicity. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2004, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Capillaries; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Drug Interactions; Horseradish Peroxidase; Humans; Insecticides; Male; Paraoxon; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans	2004
Off-label administration of drugs to healthy military personnel. Dubious ethics of preventive measures. Journal of medical ethics, 2005, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Drug Therapy; Humans; Military Personnel; Modafinil; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Preventive Medicine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sleep	2005
Do vasoactive neuropeptide autoimmune disorders explain pyridostigmine's association with Gulf War syndrome? Medical hypotheses, 2005, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Fatigue; Humans; Neuropeptides; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	2005
Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine interactions: effects on cognition, muscle function and health outcomes in marmosets. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2006, Volume: 84, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Callithrix; Cognition; Creatinine; Discrimination, Psychological; Female; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Male; Muscle Weakness; Muscles; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Urea; Vaccines	2006
Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine interactions: effects on EEG and sleep in the common marmoset. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2006, Volume: 84, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Callithrix; Discrimination, Psychological; Drug Interactions; Electroencephalography; Female; Male; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sleep; Sleep, REM; Vaccines	2006
Development of methods to measure humoral immune responses against selected antigens in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the effect of pyridostigmine bromide administration. International immunopharmacology, 2006, Dec-05, Volume: 6, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Callithrix; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Hemocyanins; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Viral Vaccines	2006
Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine bromide interactions in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus: immunological and endocrinological effects. International immunopharmacology, 2006, Dec-05, Volume: 6, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; B-Lymphocytes; Bacterial Vaccines; Callithrix; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Interactions; Female; Hemocyanins; Hydrocortisone; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Male; Monocytes; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; T-Lymphocytes; Viral Vaccines	2006
Latency and exposure-health associations in Gulf War veterans with early fatigue onsets: a case-control study. Annals of epidemiology, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Environmental Exposure; Fatigue; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Military Personnel; Odds Ratio; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Reaction Time; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Veterans	2007
Cholinergic symptoms and Gulf War syndrome. Nature medicine, 1995, Volume: 1, Issue:12 Topics: Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	1995
Menace in the mix. Environmental health perspectives, 1995, Volume: 103, Issue:9 Topics: DEET; Drug Synergism; Humans; Insect Repellents; Multiple Chemical Sensitivity; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyrethrins; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Veterans	1995
Chemicals behind Gulf War syndrome? Science (New York, N.Y.), 1996, Apr-26, Volume: 272, Issue:5261 Topics: Animals; Chickens; DEET; Drug Interactions; Humans; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Military Personnel; Nervous System Diseases; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Psychological Tests; Pyrethrins; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Surveys and Questionnaires	1996
The search for solutions: veterinarians explore causes of Gulf War syndrome. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1996, Jun-15, Volume: 208, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Chickens; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; DEET; Humans; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Military Personnel; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyrethrins; Pyridostigmine Bromide; United States	1996
Pyridostigmine brain penetration under stress enhances neuronal excitability and induces early immediate transcriptional response. Nature medicine, 1996, Volume: 2, Issue:12 Topics: Acetylthiocholine; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Evoked Potentials; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Immediate-Early; Hippocampus; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Physostigmine; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Pyridostigmine Bromide; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Physiological; Transcription, Genetic	1996
US claims of 'no chemical links' to Gulf War illnesses under fire. Nature, 1997, Jan-16, Volume: 385, Issue:6613 Topics: Chemical Warfare; Chlorpyrifos; DEET; Environmental Exposure; Government; Humans; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Politics; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Research; Risk Factors; United States; Veterans	1997
Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study. JAMA, 1997, Jan-15, Volume: 277, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Ataxia; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Chemical Warfare; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; DEET; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Insect Repellents; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Risk Factors; Stress, Psychological; United States; Veterans	1997
Illness in Gulf War veterans. Causes and consequences. JAMA, 1997, Jan-15, Volume: 277, Issue:3 Topics: Chemical Warfare; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; DEET; Environmental Exposure; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Humans; Insect Repellents; Nervous System Diseases; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; United States; Veterans	1997
The Nuremberg Code, informed consent, and involuntary treatment. JAMA, 1997, Mar-05, Volume: 277, Issue:9 Topics: Drugs, Investigational; Ethics, Medical; Germany; History, 20th Century; Holocaust; Human Rights; Humans; Informed Consent; Military Personnel; Parasympathomimetics; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration	1997
Pyridostigmine bromide and Gulf War syndrome. Medical hypotheses, 1998, Volume: 51, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Administration, Oral; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Gas Poisoning; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Models, Biological; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	1998
Heat stress, even extreme, does not induce penetration of pyridostigmine into the brain of guinea pigs. Neurotoxicology, 1998, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Guinea Pigs; Hot Temperature; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Stress, Physiological	1998
Persistently exaggerated startle responses in rats treated with pyridostigmine bromide. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1998, Volume: 287, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Butyrylcholinesterase; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Pain Threshold; Parasympathomimetics; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex, Startle; Time Factors	1998
The effects of acute and repeated pyridostigmine bromide administration on response acquisition with immediate and delayed reinforcement. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1999, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Administration Schedule; Male; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reinforcement, Psychology	1999
What is Gulf War syndrome? (Part II). Journal of AHIMA, 1998, Volume: 69, Issue:8 Topics: Abstracting and Indexing; Bacterial Vaccines; Biological Warfare; Chemical Warfare Agents; Education, Continuing; Medical Records; Occupational Exposure; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pesticides; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Risk Factors; Stress, Psychological; United States; Uranium; Veterans	1998
Should combat troops be given the option of refusing investigational drug treatment? Food and drug law journal, 1997, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Drugs, Investigational; Ethics, Medical; Human Experimentation; Human Rights; Humans; Informed Consent; Military Personnel; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration	1997
Causes of the Gulf War syndrome: testing hypotheses. Muscle & nerve, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Risk Factors	1999
Effects of exposure to low-dose pyridostigmine on neuromuscular junctions in vitro. Muscle & nerve, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Coculture Techniques; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Mice; Neuromuscular Junction; Neurotoxins; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	1999
Association of low PON1 type Q (type A) arylesterase activity with neurologic symptom complexes in Gulf War veterans. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1999, Jun-15, Volume: 157, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alleles; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Esterases; Female; Genotype; Homozygote; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Military Personnel; Multivariate Analysis; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Phenotype; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Regression Analysis; Veterans	1999
Nerve gas antidote a possible cause of gulf war illness. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1999, Oct-30, Volume: 319, Issue:7218 Topics: Antidotes; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	1999
A suspect antidote. Did nerve-gas pill cause ailments? U.S. news & world report, 1999, Nov-01, Volume: 127, Issue:17 Topics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Health Education; Humans; Military Personnel; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide	1999
Many Gulf War illnesses may be autoimmune disorders caused by the chemical and biological stressors pyridostigmine bromide, and adrenaline. Medical hypotheses, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Epinephrine; Humans; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Stress, Physiological	2001
Pyridostigmine bromide modulates the dermal disposition of [14C]permethrin. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2002, Jun-15, Volume: 181, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diffusion; Drug Interactions; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides; Isoflurophate; Permethrin; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Skin Absorption; Swine	2002
Pyridostigmine bromide and the long-term subjective health status of a sample of over 700 male Reserve Component Gulf War era veterans. Psychological reports, 2002, Volume: 90, Issue:3 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Chemical Warfare; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Health Status; Humans; Male; Patient Compliance; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Time; Veterans	2002