pyrantel and Trichuriasis

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Cestode Infections; Helminthiasis; Hookworm Infections; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Mebendazole; Niclosamide; Paromomycin; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Pyrvinium Compounds; Quinacrine; Strongyloidiasis; Tetrachloroethylene; Thiabendazole; Trichuriasis

Topics: Amebiasis; Amides; Ancylostomiasis; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Cestode Infections; Emetine; Furazolidone; Giardiasis; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Mebendazole; Metronidazole; Necatoriasis; Niclosamide; Oxyuriasis; Paromomycin; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Pyrvinium Compounds; Quinacrine; Strongyloidiasis; Tetramisole; Thiabendazole; Thiocyanates; Trichuriasis

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Cestode Infections; Dichlorvos; Fascioliasis; Helminthiasis; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Hymenolepiasis; Imidazoles; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Niclosamide; Oxyuriasis; Paromomycin; Pyrantel; Strongyloidiasis; Tetramisole; Trichuriasis

We aimed to find out whether symptomless infection with Trichuris trichiura is associated with impairment of growth and to assess the effect of a multiple-doses regimen of anthelmintic drugs on the growth of children.. In a community based trial, 622 Mexican children were randomly allocated one of three treatment regimens: 3 days of albendazole 400 mg daily (high efficacy); one dose of albendazole 400 mg (moderate efficacy); one dose of pyrantel (pyrantel embonate) 11 mg/kg (low efficacy). Growth was monitored for 12 months. Analyses were by intention to treat.. 113 (18%) children were lost to follow-up--34 from the pyrantel group, 45 from the albendazole 400 mg group, and 34 from the albendazole 1200 mg group. Among the 127 children with heavy pretreatment infections, albendazole 1200 mg was better than pyrantel in terms of an increase in arm circumference (mean 0.26 cm, p=0.044). Among the 381 children with low pretreatment levels of infection, changes in weight (mean difference between groups -0.33 kg, p=0.036), arm circumference (-0.18 cm, p=0.0095), and thickness of triceps skinfold (-0.41 mm, p=0.0031) were less in children on albendazole 1200 mg than in those on pyrantel.. Symptomless trichuriasis impairs growth and albendazole or pyrantel may affect growth, independently of a therapeutic action on parasites. Possible toxic effects of high-dose albendazole require further investigation.

Topics: Albendazole; Antinematodal Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Feces; Female; Growth; Humans; Male; Pyrantel; Regression Analysis; Skinfold Thickness; Social Class; Trichuriasis

In a trial involving 185 school children, pyrantel pamoate (Combantrin) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 1-3 days was found to be very effective against the Ascaris and moderately effective against the hookworm, with mean cure rates ranging from 93.3-96.7% and 53.3-73.3% respectively. No apparent action against the Trichuris was detected, a mean cure rate of between 34.2 and 46.1% being only slightly, but not significantly, better than the 33.8% cure for a placebo-treated control group. Single and multiple doses of the suspension and tablet formulations of the drug were well tolerated. From the series of randomized and controlled trials conducted, we recommend that, in this area, the appropriate dose of the drug to use for treating ascariasis is 10 mg/kg per day for 1 day, and for infections which include hookworm, 20 mg/kg per day for 3 days.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascariasis; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Fenbendazole (Hoe 881) 5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbaminicacidmethylester in doses of 1-0 g and 1-5 g per person were effective against Ascaris and gave substantial egg count reductions against hookworm (mainly Necator americanus). The 1-5 g dose gave good results against Trichuris. In a trial with a suspension of Hoe 881 with a high specific surface of 25 m2/g there was no advantage over tablets with a specific surface of approximately 8 m2/g. Two doses of 500 mg given with an interval of 24 hours were no more effective than one dose of 1-0 g. In a comparative trial using Hoe 881 1-5 g, Pyrantel 10 mg/kg and placebo respectively Hoe 881 showed equal potency against hookworms and Acsaris as Pyrantel and good effectiveness against Trichuris. Pyrantel showed only moderate activity against Trichuris in this trial.

Topics: Adolescent; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Carbamates; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Male; Pyrantel; Trichuriasis

In the absence of efficient alternative strategies, the control of parasitic nematodes, impacting human and animal health, mainly relies on the use of broad-spectrum anthelmintic compounds. Unfortunately, most of these drugs have a limited single-dose efficacy against infections caused by the whipworm, Trichuris. These infections are of both human and veterinary importance. However, in contrast to a wide range of parasitic nematode species, the narrow-spectrum anthelmintic oxantel has a high efficacy on Trichuris spp. Despite this knowledge, the molecular target(s) of oxantel within Trichuris is still unknown. In the distantly related pig roundworm, Ascaris suum, oxantel has a small, but significant effect on the recombinant homomeric Nicotine-sensitive ionotropic acetylcholine receptor (N-AChR) made up of five ACR-16 subunits. Therefore, we hypothesized that in whipworms, a putative homolog of an ACR-16 subunit, can form a functional oxantel-sensitive receptor. Using the pig whipworm T. suis as a model, we identified and cloned a novel ACR-16-like subunit and successfully expressed the corresponding homomeric channel in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Electrophysiological experiments revealed this receptor to have distinctive pharmacological properties with oxantel acting as a full agonist, hence we refer to the receptor as an O-AChR subtype. Pyrantel activated this novel O-AChR subtype moderately, whereas classic nicotinic agonists surprisingly resulted in only minor responses. We observed that the expression of the ACR-16-like subunit in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans conferred an increased sensitivity to oxantel of recombinant worms. We demonstrated that the novel Tsu-ACR-16-like receptor is indeed a target for oxantel, although other receptors may be involved. These finding brings new insight into the understanding of the high sensitivity of whipworms to oxantel, and highlights the importance of the discovery of additional distinct receptor subunit types within Trichuris that can be used as screening tools to evaluate the effect of new synthetic or natural anthelmintic compounds.

Topics: Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Caenorhabditis elegans; Female; Helminth Proteins; Male; Pyrantel; Receptors, Cholinergic; Swine; Trichuriasis; Trichuris; Xenopus laevis

Fourteen of 23 dogs developing patent Trichuris vulpis infections by 120 days p.i. with 5000 embryonated eggs were allocated into three groups. One group was treated with flubendazole 220 mg chewable tablets (Flubenol) at the recommended dose regimen once daily for 3 days. The second group was given the recommended single treatment with a tablet containing 150 mg febantel, 144 mg pyrantel embonate and 50 mg praziquantel in combination (Drontal Plus). The third group remained untreated. All dogs were necropsied for worm counts 10 or 11 days after (first) treatment. No worms were recovered from the flubendazole treated dogs resulting in a significant worm count reduction of 100%. In contrast, 2 of 5 animals treated with the combination of febantel, pyrantel embonate and praziquantel remained infected; the geometric mean worm burden was reduced by 99.4% as compared to the control group but did not differ significantly from those of the controls.

Topics: Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guanidines; Male; Mebendazole; Praziquantel; Pyrantel; Tablets; Treatment Outcome; Trichuriasis; Trichuris

Hookworm infection as well as other intestinal nematodiases are endemic to Sichuan Province in China. In order to research the prevalence and intensity of these infections we visited two villages in Hejiang County (southern Sichuan Province) and Santai County (northwestern Sichuan Province) between July and October of 1997. Fecal examinations were performed on adult villagers over the age of 15 years (currently children under this age are dewormed annually with anthelmintic drugs). Among 310 residents of Lugao Village (Hejiang County), 87, 63 and 60% were infected with hookworm, Ascaris or Trichuris, respectively. The prevalence of hookworm determined to rise linearly with age (r = 0.97). High intensity infections with hookworm still occur in this region as 22% of the residents have over 3000 eggs per gram (PEG) of feces as determined by quantitative egg counts. The majority of these individuals harbored mixed infection with Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, although the former predominated when adult hookworms were collected from 30 village residents treated with pyrantel pamoate. In contrast, among the 334 Xinjian villagers examined (Santai County) the majority harbored predominantly light hookworm infections--66.1% of the residents has less than 400 EPG by quantitative fecal examination and only 3.7% exhibited greater than 3000 EPG. Again, N. americanus was the predominant hookworm seen after worm expulsion. We have round that despite economic development which is occurring in some parts of China, significant hookworm infections and clinical hookworm anemia still exist in areas of Sichuan Province. In Hejiang County we found that the intensity of hookworm infection has actually risen within the last 10 years. Hookworm is a medical problem among the elderly in Sichuan.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; China; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Necator americanus; Necatoriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Pyrantel; Rural Health; Trichuriasis

Topics: Albendazole; Antinematodal Agents; Child; Growth; Humans; Pyrantel; Trichuriasis

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Hookworm Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Toxocariasis; Trichuriasis

A mixture of 150 mg mebendazole and 30mg pyrantel pamoate was given on 3 consecutive or near-consecutive days to 70 children infected with one or more of Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, S. fuelleborni-like and Trichuris trichiura. This treatment had an efficacy of 95 per cent for N. americanus infections, 100 per cent for A. lumbricoides, 57 per cent for Strongyloides spp., and 75 per cent for T. trichiura. The results indicate that the treatment given is effective against the infections of N. americanus and A. lumbricoides but is only partially effective for Strongyloides and T. trichiura infections.

Topics: Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infant; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Nematode Infections; Papua New Guinea; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Strongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis

A study was carried out to find out the incidence of helminthic infections in hospitalized patients at Sher-e-Bangla Medical College, Barisal and to determine the comparative efficacy of pyrantel pamoate, levamisole, and mebendazole. It was observed that 76.2 per cent of total hospitalized patients were infected with intestinal helminths. Polyparasitism (52.6 per cent) was more frequent than single infection (21.8 per cent). Amongst these, 47.5 per cent was suffering from Asearis lumbricoides (AL), 42.5 per cent from Hookworm (H.W) and 65.8 per cent from trichuris trichura (TT). Out of 255 cases examined separately, 40 per cent was suffering from Enterobious vermicularis (EV) infection. The comparative study showed that mebendazole produced egg negative stool in 90.9 per cent of AL, 95.6 per cent of HW and 86.8 per cent of TT after eight days of treatment. On the other hand, pyrantel pamoate cured AL in 93.3 per cent, HW in 78.5 per cent and TT in 34.2 per cent eases. Levamisole cured 75 per cent AL, 4.1 per cent H.W. and 22.2 per cent TT within the same period.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascariasis; Bangladesh; Benzimidazoles; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Levamisole; Mebendazole; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anthelmintics; Child; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrantel; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antinematodal Agents; Benzimidazoles; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Mebendazole; Middle Aged; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

166 patients with trichuriasis have been treated at the Department of Tropical Diseases, Aurora Hospital, Helsinki, from January 1975 to October 1979. Final results could be confirmed in 141 patients. Thiabendazole was found discouraging, because of frequent side effects and low cure rate (29% of 24 in-patients). In contrast, a single dose of oxantel pamoate gave minimal side effects in 37 in-patients and in 80 outpatients with a high overall cure rate of 98%. Neither allergic nor adverse haematological reactions were encountered during 3 years and 10 months' experience of treatment with oxantel pamoate.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthelmintics; Antinematodal Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Thiabendazole; Trichuriasis

Clinical trials on the three broad spectrum anthelmintics against trichuriasis, ascariasis and hookworm infection were carried out in a rural community in Irosin, Sorsogon. Flubendazole (Fluvermal) appears to be a promising drug against trichuriasis particularly when periodic mass treatment of a community is carried out. Mebendazole (Antiox) also appears to be promising given as single dose during mass treatment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. As shown in previous studies, oxantel-pyrantel (Quantrel) should be given at 15 mg/kg body weight at 12-hour intervals or 20 mg/kg body weight single dose rather than 10 mg/kg body weight in a single dose when treating trichuriasis.

Topics: Anthelmintics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Feces; Humans; Mebendazole; Philippines; Pyrantel; Soil; Trichuriasis

A mixture of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate was given to 147 primary school children. A single daily dose of 15 mg per kg body weight was administered to cases with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections. The same single daily dose was given for three consecutive days to 10 cases with hookworm infections. The cure rate was 93.7% for ascariasis and the egg reduction rate was 98.2%. A cure rate and an egg reduction rate for trichuriasis was 70.2% and 86.5% respectively. All cases with hookworm infection were cured. Side effects were light and did not cause any anxiety.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascariasis; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Indonesia; Necatoriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Nematode Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adult; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Female; Humans; Ovum; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

A comparative trial was carried out in 4 orphanges in Seoul, to compare the anthelminthic efficacy of oxantel-pyrantel suspension and mebendazole tablets against mixed infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. 40 patients were divided into 4 groups and received oxantel-pyrantel suspension at 15 or 20mg/kg once only or on 2 consecutive days. Another group of 20 patients was treated with 100mg of mebendazole twice a day for 3 days. Both drugs achieved a 100% cure rate for Ascaris infections. Against Trichuris infections, the average cure rate and egg reduction rate of oxantel-pyrantel treated groups was 87.5% and 92.3% respectively, and that for mebendazole was 65% and 89.1%. There were no side-effects. The results of the present study suggest that oxantel-pyrantel is more effective in the treatment of mixed infections of Ascaris and Trichuris, and was more acceptable to the patients, than mebendazole.

Topics: Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Drug Combinations; Feces; Humans; Mebendazole; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Styrenes; Trichuriasis

The anthelminthic efficacy of pyrantel pamoate (Combantrin) in a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight was compared with that of thiabendazole (Mintezol) in two doses each of 25 mg/kg body weight in a controlled trial. Follow-up examination, 6 weeks after treatment with Combantrin gave cure rates of 93.8%, and 29.1% for infection with Ascaris and the Hookworm respectively, and 44.3% and 27.3% in those treated with Mintezol. The reduction in hookworm egg counts was higher in patients treated with Combantrin than with Mintezol, and Combantrin was better tolerated. Neither drug was effective against the Trichuris. The results are compared with those from other parts of the world.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascariasis; Child; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Strongyloidiasis; Thiabendazole; Trichuriasis

Pyrantel pamoate at dosage of 10 mg per kilogramme body weight was given to each villager at 4-6 weeks intervals for three times. The infection rates of hookworms among those who received and did not received the drug decreased from 60.5% pre-treatment to 19.6% after the third treatment and then increased to 32.4% one year after the third treatment. Infection rates of A. lumbricoides and Strongyloides spp. among the villagers who received and did not received the drug decreased from 27.5% pre-treatment to 2.2% after the third treatment and then increased to 20.1% one year later for the former, while the latter decreased from 6.5% pre-treatment to 2.3% after the third treatment and 0.4% one year later. The infection rate of T. trichiura was found to increase as pyrantel pamoate had no effect on this nematode. The authors suggested that to obtain more satisfactory results the anthelmintic drug used must likewise be effective against T. trichiura particularly in areas where this nematode is a public health problem. It was also suggested that the duration of treatment should be prolonged.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Helminthiasis; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Soil Microbiology; Strongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis

Single doses of oxantel given to 24 children and 37 adults with light to moderate infections of Trichuris trichiura effected cures in 20 of 26 (77%) trials with 10 mg/kg body weight, in 23 of 25 (92%) with 15 mg/kg, and in 10 of 10 trials with 20 mg/kg. In cases not cured, the egg-counts were reduced 50% to 91%. Side effects were not observed, and no drug-associated changes were detected by biochemical, hematologic, and urine examinations before and after treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthelmintics; Child; Feces; Humans; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Styrenes; Trichuriasis; Trichuris

Topics: Adolescent; Anthelmintics; Child; Dosage Forms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation; Feces; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Remission, Spontaneous; Trichuriasis; Trichuris

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Ascariasis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Drug Evaluation; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Middle Aged; Nematode Infections; Oxyuriasis; Pyrantel; Solubility; Tartrates; Trichuriasis

Topics: Abdomen; Administration, Oral; Ascariasis; Child; Diarrhea; Drug Evaluation; Feces; Headache; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Necator; Pain; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Trichuriasis; Vomiting

Topics: Ascariasis; Enterobius; Feces; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Naphthalenes; Nematode Infections; Oxyuriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Quebec; Strongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis