pyrantel and Necatoriasis

Topics: Amebiasis; Amides; Ancylostomiasis; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Cestode Infections; Emetine; Furazolidone; Giardiasis; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Mebendazole; Metronidazole; Necatoriasis; Niclosamide; Oxyuriasis; Paromomycin; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Pyrvinium Compounds; Quinacrine; Strongyloidiasis; Tetramisole; Thiabendazole; Thiocyanates; Trichuriasis

A total of 720 human intestinal helminthic infections were divided into 4 groups and treated with albendazole 400mg/d x 3d, 400mg/d x 5d, pyrantel 1,500mg/d x 3d, or 1,500mg/d x 5d. Half a month after treatment, the negative rates of hookworm egg were 98.6, 98.6, 86.2 and 93.5%, those of ascaris egg were 96.5, 98.2, 92.9 and 96.3%, and those of whipworm egg were 86.4, 89.0, 68.9 and 67.0% respectively. Reduction rate of hookworm egg reached more than 98% in all the 4 groups. Six months after treatment, however, the positive rates of all the 4 groups rose again in varying degrees. The predominant species of hookworm infections was Necator americanus before the treatment and Ancylostoma duodenale after the treatment. It was demonstrated that the recurrence of hookworm infection resulted from A. duodenale infections, while a single dose of 400mg albendazole per day for 3 or 5 days showed good effect in controlling the recurrence of hookworm infections in a certain area.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albendazole; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Larva; Male; Middle Aged; Necator; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Recurrence

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adult; Benzimidazoles; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Tetrachloroethylene; Thailand

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Tablets

The clearance of hookworm (Necator americanus) ova by a single dose of tetrachlorethylene (T.C.E.) was compared with that produced by single and multiple dose regimes of bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and pyrantel pamoate. Single doses of bephenium and pyrantel were inferior to T.C.E. Three daily doses of bephenium or pyrantel produced effects comparable with a single dose of T.C.E. Because of the low cost and lack of side effects, T.C.E. remains the drug of choice in the treatment of N. americanus in infections; the only disadvantage of T.C.E. is its unnoticed deterioration under tropical conditions.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bephenium Compounds; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Feces; Hemoglobins; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Necator; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Sri Lanka; Tetrachloroethylene

Hookworm infection as well as other intestinal nematodiases are endemic to Sichuan Province in China. In order to research the prevalence and intensity of these infections we visited two villages in Hejiang County (southern Sichuan Province) and Santai County (northwestern Sichuan Province) between July and October of 1997. Fecal examinations were performed on adult villagers over the age of 15 years (currently children under this age are dewormed annually with anthelmintic drugs). Among 310 residents of Lugao Village (Hejiang County), 87, 63 and 60% were infected with hookworm, Ascaris or Trichuris, respectively. The prevalence of hookworm determined to rise linearly with age (r = 0.97). High intensity infections with hookworm still occur in this region as 22% of the residents have over 3000 eggs per gram (PEG) of feces as determined by quantitative egg counts. The majority of these individuals harbored mixed infection with Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, although the former predominated when adult hookworms were collected from 30 village residents treated with pyrantel pamoate. In contrast, among the 334 Xinjian villagers examined (Santai County) the majority harbored predominantly light hookworm infections--66.1% of the residents has less than 400 EPG by quantitative fecal examination and only 3.7% exhibited greater than 3000 EPG. Again, N. americanus was the predominant hookworm seen after worm expulsion. We have round that despite economic development which is occurring in some parts of China, significant hookworm infections and clinical hookworm anemia still exist in areas of Sichuan Province. In Hejiang County we found that the intensity of hookworm infection has actually risen within the last 10 years. Hookworm is a medical problem among the elderly in Sichuan.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; China; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Necator americanus; Necatoriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Pyrantel; Rural Health; Trichuriasis

Experiments were carried out in the hamster to compare the relative susceptibility of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum to treatment with ivermectin. A. ceylanicum was found to be 300 times more sensitive to the anthelmintic with a 50% effective dose (ED50) of the order of 10-15 micrograms kg-1 body weight whilst that for N. americanus approximated to 3-5 mg kg-1. Furthermore, whereas complete clearance of A. ceylanicum was observed with a dose of 100 micrograms kg-1, N. americanus was not totally removed after treatment with 25 mg kg-1, the highest dose tested. Both parasites proved equally sensitive to pyrantel with an ED50 of 1-12 mg kg-1 for A. ceylanicum and 5-25 mg kg-1 for N. americanus. Treatment with pyrantel at 100 mg kg-1 completely eliminated worms of both species and doses of 25-50 mg kg-1 were > 90% effective. In addition to worm burdens, changes in host weight and PCV were also recorded and it was shown that both parameters could be used to evaluate the success/failure of treatment.

Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ivermectin; Necator americanus; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel

Adult Necator americanus infection in laboratory hamsters (the hamster-hookworm model) was examined as an anthelminthic screening system. Three reference anthelminthics--pyrantel (PYTL), mebendazole (MBZ) and ivermectin (IVRN)--were used to assess the sensitivity of adult N. americanus and also to investigate the value of the hamster-hookworm model for predicting clinical results. Serial drug dosages were used, and the ED50 was determined from the resulting cure rates. In addition, percentage worm reductions were calculated by reference to the worm burdens in control groups. The results showed that the hamster-hookworm model was able to differentiate anthelminthics on their efficacy. Absolute activity (100% worm reduction) followed treatment with 8 mg kg-1 MBZ, 38-40 mg kg-1 PYTL and 18 mg kg-1 IVRN. Based on ED50 data of PYTL and MBZ, adult N. americanus appeared to be two to five times more sensitive than pre-adult stages. However, with IVRN the reverse appeared true. MBZ appeared to be most active and PYTL least active in terms of curing infected animals, but there were no obvious differences between the rates of worm reductions following single or multiple doses of anthelminthics. It is considered that the hamster-hookworm model will prove of value in identifying and characterizing possible new anthelminthics.

Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Ivermectin; Mebendazole; Mesocricetus; Necator; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Random Allocation

An effective drug for single-dose mass treatment of necatoriasis was sought by testing three drugs and two drug combinations in Ethiopian immigrants to Israel found to have light infections. The drugs tested sequentially in single-doses were pyrantel pamoate (20 mg kg-1, 81 subjects); bephenium hydroxynaphthoate (2.5-5 g, 65 subjects); combined pyrantel and bephenium (25 subjects); combined pyrantel (20 mg kg-1) and praziquantel (40 mg kg-1) (16 subjects); and albendazole (400 mg, 77 subjects). Follow-up under conditions without likelihood of reinfection was by one stool examination. Cure rates with albendazole, pyrantel-bephenium and pyrantel-praziquantel were 84, 80 and 81% respectively; these rates were significantly higher than the 49% found for bephenium and the 51% for pyrantel (P less than 0.05). Egg reductions in those not cured were pyrantel (22%), bephenium (6%), pyrantel-bephenium (34%), pyrantel-praziquantel (3%) and albendazole (6%). Albendazole was the most promising single drug treatment; unexpected was the high effectiveness of pyrantel-praziquantel in combination.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albendazole; Bephenium Compounds; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Feces; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Male; Necatoriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Praziquantel; Pyrantel

Hookworm infections, as assessed by counting worms expelled following anthelmintic treatment and by egg output, were found to be of low prevalence and intensity in a South Indian fishing community. The initial overall prevalence of infection in the community was 43%, and the average burden was estimated at 2.2 hookworms per person. The age profiles of prevalence and intensity differed between males and females, with the latter harbouring significantly higher levels of infection. Children of both sexes under 10 years of age rarely harboured hookworms. Treatment with pyrantel pamoate was estimated to be 91% effective in clearing hookworm infections. Egg counts made on stools collected during an 11-month period of reinfection indicated that female patients became reinfected soon after treatment, while little hookworm egg excretion was observed in males during the observation period following treatment. Females acquired a significantly higher number of worms during the reinfection period compared with males, although the average burden in females reached only 28% of the initial, pre-treatment level. The hookworm population consisted of predominantly Necator americanus, and less than 10% of Ancylostoma duodenale. The parasites were highly aggregated within the host population with 10% of the community harbouring over 65% of the total hookworms. Low values of the negative binomial aggregation parameter, k, (indicating extreme over-dispersion) were recorded in groups stratified by age and sex. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between the initial (pre-treatment) and reinfection worm burdens of female (but not of male) patients. It is suggested that occupational practices related to walking through areas contaminated with hookworm larvae play an important role in generating the observed patterns of infection within this community.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Susceptibility; Feces; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Necator; Necatoriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Recurrence

Hamsters infected with laboratory-adapted preadult Necator americanus were dosed with 6 reference anthelmintics. Their efficacy was measured in terms of percentage cure of infected animals as well as percentage worm reduction following treatment. Mebendazole and pyrantel were equally effective in this system. Other anthelmintics, including anti-hookworm compound, bephenium hydroxynaphthoate, were less effective. The comparative results revealed that the N. americanus model is sensitive and reliable for identifying and characterizing new anti-parasite preparations.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Body Weight; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Levamisole; Mebendazole; Mesocricetus; Necator; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Tetramisole; Thiabendazole

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Bangladesh; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Humans; Infant; Necator; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Shoes

A mixture of 150 mg mebendazole and 30mg pyrantel pamoate was given on 3 consecutive or near-consecutive days to 70 children infected with one or more of Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, S. fuelleborni-like and Trichuris trichiura. This treatment had an efficacy of 95 per cent for N. americanus infections, 100 per cent for A. lumbricoides, 57 per cent for Strongyloides spp., and 75 per cent for T. trichiura. The results indicate that the treatment given is effective against the infections of N. americanus and A. lumbricoides but is only partially effective for Strongyloides and T. trichiura infections.

Topics: Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infant; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Nematode Infections; Papua New Guinea; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Strongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzimidazoles; Bephenium Compounds; Female; Humans; Kenya; Male; Mebendazole; Middle Aged; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate

A mixture of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate was given to 147 primary school children. A single daily dose of 15 mg per kg body weight was administered to cases with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections. The same single daily dose was given for three consecutive days to 10 cases with hookworm infections. The cure rate was 93.7% for ascariasis and the egg reduction rate was 98.2%. A cure rate and an egg reduction rate for trichuriasis was 70.2% and 86.5% respectively. All cases with hookworm infection were cured. Side effects were light and did not cause any anxiety.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascariasis; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Indonesia; Necatoriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Nematode Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Tetramisole