pyrantel and Intestinal-Diseases--Parasitic

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Cestode Infections; Helminthiasis; Hookworm Infections; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Mebendazole; Niclosamide; Paromomycin; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Pyrvinium Compounds; Quinacrine; Strongyloidiasis; Tetrachloroethylene; Thiabendazole; Trichuriasis

Topics: Amebiasis; Amides; Ancylostomiasis; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Cestode Infections; Emetine; Furazolidone; Giardiasis; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Mebendazole; Metronidazole; Necatoriasis; Niclosamide; Oxyuriasis; Paromomycin; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Pyrvinium Compounds; Quinacrine; Strongyloidiasis; Tetramisole; Thiabendazole; Thiocyanates; Trichuriasis

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Cestode Infections; Dichlorvos; Fascioliasis; Helminthiasis; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Hymenolepiasis; Imidazoles; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Niclosamide; Oxyuriasis; Paromomycin; Pyrantel; Strongyloidiasis; Tetramisole; Trichuriasis

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

32 elementary school children were treated for multiple intestinal helminthiasis (ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections) with a combination of the pamoate salts of oxantel and pyrantel in a dose of 15 to 20mg/kg body weight of each in 1 daily dose for 3 consecutive days. The cure rate for ascariasis was 96.7%, and 84.4% for both trichuriasis and hookworm infections. 68.7% were completely cured of all 3 helminths. However, among those not completely cured, only 1 species of the previous 3 infecting helminths was present after treatment and then with a very marked reduction in egg count.

Topics: Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Helminthiasis; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Styrenes

Gastrointestinal nematodes are parasites that commonly infect dogs, and infections can be subclinical or may cause considerable clinical disease. Some species are zoonotic and may also cause clinical disease in humans. Year-round treatment of dogs is recommended to eliminate existing infections, which also indirectly reduces the potential for subsequent human exposure to zoonotic species. Here we present two studies that evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel chewable oral tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel against gastrointestinal nematode infections in dogs presented as veterinary patients in Europe and the USA.. Dogs naturally infected with Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma caninum and/or Uncinaria stenocephala were enrolled in the European study, and dogs naturally infected with T. canis were enrolled in the USA study. The animals were treated once orally with Simparica Trio™ tablets to provide 1.2-2.4 mg/kg sarolaner, 24-48 µg/kg moxidectin and 5-10 mg/kg pyrantel (as pamoate salt) or with a commercially available product according to the label directions as positive control. Efficacy was based on the post-treatment reduction in geometric mean egg counts (per gram feces) 7 or 10 days after treatment compared to pre-treatment egg counts.. Simparica Trio™ was well tolerated in both studies. In the European study, geometric mean egg counts for T. canis, T. leonina, A. caninum and U. stenocephala were reduced by ≥ 98.3% in the Simparica Trio™ group and by ≥ 97.4% in the afoxolaner + milbemycin oxime group. In the USA study, geometric mean egg counts for T. canis were reduced by 99.2% in the Simparica Trio™ group and by 98.6% in the ivermectin + pyrantel group. In the USA study, 48 and 10 dogs in the Simparica Trio™ and the ivermectin + pyrantel group, respectively, were co-infected with A. caninum and the reduction in the post-treatment mean fecal egg counts were 98.6% and 74.7%, respectively.. A single oral administration of Simparica Trio™ chewable tablets was well tolerated and was effective in the treatment of dogs with naturally occurring gastrointestinal nematode infections presented as veterinary patients in Europe and the USA.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Azetidines; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Europe; Female; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Macrolides; Male; Nematoda; Nematode Infections; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Spiro Compounds; Treatment Outcome; United States

Ascarid infections are among the most prevalent intestinal parasitic infections occurring in dogs around the world, with Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina commonly observed. Toxocara canis can cause considerable disease in dogs and humans, and year-round prophylactic treatment and control in dogs is recommended. Elimination of immature stages of these parasites before egg-laying will reduce environmental contamination and the risk of infection for both dogs and humans. Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel, oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against induced immature adult (L. Based on geometric mean worm counts, efficacy of the sarolaner + moxidectin + pyrantel combination was ≥ 95.2% against immature adult T. canis, ≥ 97.3% against adult T. canis, and ≥ 89.7% against adult T. leonina. There were no treatment-related adverse events in any study.. These studies confirm the efficacy of a single dose of a new oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against immature adult and adult T. canis, and adult T. leonina infections in dogs.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Ascaridida Infections; Azetidines; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Female; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Macrolides; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Spiro Compounds; Tablets; Toxascaris; Toxocara canis; Treatment Outcome

Nematode parasites may be controlled with drugs, but their regular application has given rise to concerns about the development of resistance. Drug combinations may be more effective than single drugs and delay the onset of resistance. A combination of the nicotinic antagonist, derquantel, and the macrocyclic lactone, abamectin, has been found to have synergistic anthelmintic effects against gastro-intestinal nematode parasites. We have observed in previous contraction and electrophysiological experiments that derquantel is a potent selective antagonist of nematode parasite muscle nicotinic receptors; and that abamectin is an inhibitor of the same nicotinic receptors. To explore these inhibitory effects further, we expressed muscle nicotinic receptors of the nodular worm, Oesophagostomum dentatum (Ode-UNC-29:Ode-UNC-63:Ode-UNC-38), in Xenopus oocytes under voltage-clamp and tested effects of abamectin on pyrantel and acetylcholine responses. The receptors were antagonized by 0.03 μM abamectin in a non-competitive manner (reduced Rmax, no change in EC50). This antagonism increased when abamectin was increased to 0.1 μM. However, when we increased the concentration of abamectin further to 0.3 μM, 1 μM or 10 μM, we found that the antagonism decreased and was less than with 0.1 μM abamectin. The bi-phasic effects of abamectin suggest that abamectin acts at two allosteric sites: one high affinity negative allosteric (NAM) site causing antagonism, and another lower affinity positive allosteric (PAM) site causing a reduction in antagonism. We also tested the effects of 0.1 μM derquantel alone and in combination with 0.3 μM abamectin. We found that derquantel on these receptors, like abamectin, acted as a non-competitive antagonist, and that the combination of derquantel and abamectin produced greater inhibition. These observations confirm the antagonistic effects of abamectin on nematode nicotinic receptors in addition to GluCl effects, and illustrate more complex effects of macrocyclic lactones that may be exploited in combinations with other anthelmintics.

Topics: Acetylcholine; Allosteric Site; Animals; Anthelmintics; Cloning, Molecular; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Expression Regulation; Haemonchus; Helminthiasis; Indoles; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Ivermectin; Nematoda; Nicotinic Antagonists; Oocytes; Oxepins; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phenylenediamines; Pyrantel; Receptors, Nicotinic; Xenopus laevis

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of feline intestinal parasites in Finland and to determine the possible risk factors for infection. Altogether 411 feline fecal samples were analyzed with a flotation method to reveal helminth eggs and protozoan oocysts. Of the samples, 402 were also screened for Giardia species antigens with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The cat owners completed a questionnaire. Toxocara cati prevalence was 5.4% and Toxascaris leonina 0.2%. Taenia species eggs were found in 1.5% of the samples and Isospora felis in 0.7%, whilst 3.2% of the samples tested positive for Giardia species antigen. Risk factors for Toxocara/Toxascaris species infection included being a non-pedigree cat, having access to the outdoors, living outside of the cities and receiving home-made food. Pedigree cats were at greater risk of contracting Giardia duodenalis. The majority of the cat owners (62.4%) treated their cat with anthelmintics 2-4 times per year.

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Cat Diseases; Cats; Feces; Female; Finland; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Pilot Projects; Prevalence; Pyrantel; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Toxocariasis

Topics: Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Antinematodal Agents; Child; Enterobiasis; Enterobius; Female; Humans; Hygiene; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Mebendazole; Oxyuriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrvinium Compounds; Time Factors

Possible anthelmintic resistance on a breeding farm where a rapid rotation anthelmintic programme had been implemented for 9 years was investigated. Cyathostomins resistant to fenbendazole and pyrantel were documented by faecal worm egg count reduction test (FWECRT).. To 1) manage small strongyle transmission in a herd of horses in which resistance to both pyrantel pamoate and fenbendazole was identified and thereby reduce the risk of clinical disease in the individual animal, 2) monitor the change in resistance patterns over time and 3) monitor the efficacy of ivermectin over the study period.. Targeted ivermectin treatment of horses on the farm was instituted for mature horses with faecal worm egg counts (FWEC) > 200 eggs/g (epg) and for horses < age 2 years with FWEC > 100 epg.. Over a 30 month period, targeted ivermectin treatment achieved acceptable control in mares, as judged by FWEC, and improved control of patent cyathostome infection in consecutive foal crops. Egg reappearance time (ERT) after treatment with ivermectin was < 8 weeks in mares and foals more frequently in the second year of the study than in the first year. Numbers of anthelmintic treatments were reduced by 77.6 and 533% in the mare and foal group, respectively.. Targeted ivermectin treatment may be an economically viable method of managing multiple drug resistant cyathostominosis.. Use of ivermectin should be monitored closely for development of resistance.

Topics: Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Feces; Female; Fenbendazole; Horses; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Ivermectin; North Carolina; Parasite Egg Count; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Pyrantel; Strongyle Infections, Equine; Strongyloidea; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Antinematodal Agents; Cestoda; Cestode Infections; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Ivermectin; Louisiana; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate

Analysis of egg and worm counts of Ascaris recorded at various intervals following a mass anthelmintic treatment programme in a South Indian fishing community is presented. Three indices of infection in the community are compared, namely the prevalence and intensity of egg output (at 2, 6 and 11 months following treatment) and the number of worms expelled following an 11 month period of reinfection. Detailed examination of these measurements revealed significant associations with patient sex and age. The age-prevalence profile of Ascaris infection changed little over time (except immediately following treatment) with the peak prevalence found in the 5-9 year age group. Although 85% of both males and females harboured Ascaris initially, the prevalence following 11 months reinfection was decreased, due to a significantly lower proportion of males being reinfected. By the 11th month of reinfection, the age-intensity profiles of egg output were similar to those observed at initial treatment in the older age groups (10 years and above) and in male children (less than 10 years). However, a dramatic increase in the egg output of female children, greatly exceeding the initial mean, was observed within a 6 month period of reinfection. The intensity of egg output did not accurately reflect the abundance of Ascaris recovered via drug-induced expulsion following an 11 month period of reinfection. Although the egg output attained preintervention levels, the average worm intensity reached only half the initial value. The trends in the sex- and age-intensity profiles were consistent at the two sampling dates and showed similar patterns to the egg output curves. The relevance of the results to helminth control and the monitoring of reinfection is discussed.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Recurrence; Sex Factors

Topics: Animals; Cestode Infections; Horse Diseases; Horses; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate

The study design of a project to investigate the epidemiology, population dynamics and control of intestinal nematode infections in fishing village communities in Southern India is described. The paper focuses on Ascaris lumbricoides infection and describes changes in prevalence and intensity (worm burdens) with host age, the aggregated frequency distributions of parasite numbers per person, a density-dependent relationship between parasite fecundity and worm burden and rates of reinfection following chemotherapeutic treatment. The age-intensity of infection profile is convex in form, where maximum worm burdens are attained in children in the age range five to nine years. On the basis of juvenile to adult worm ratioos, the life expectancy of Ascaris in man is estimated to be of the order of one year. Rates of reacquisition of worms after chemotherapy are shown to be dependent on host age. Wormy individuals with heavy infections are shown to be predisposed to this state such that they reacquire heavier than average worm burdens following treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Recurrence

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Helminthiasis; Humans; India; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Poverty Areas; Prospective Studies; Protozoan Infections; Pyrantel

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albendazole; Anthelmintics; Benzimidazoles; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Nematode Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate

A survey for intestinal parasites and mass-treatment with a combination of mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate were conducted in Karakuak, West Flores in 1977. A total of 198 stool specimens from 104 males and 94 females ranging in age from less than 1 to 70 years were examined and 72% harbored one or more intestinal parasites. Ascaris lumbricoides (43%) and Entamoeba histolytica (21%) were the most common, followed by Entamoeba coli (19%), hookworm (18%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (8%), Giardia lamblia (5%) and Trichuris trichiura (4%). Other intestinal parasites infrequently found were: Entamoeba hartmanni (2%), Chilomastix mesnili (2%), Endolimax nana (1%), Enterobius vermicularis (1%) and a heterophyid sp. (1%). A combination of mebendazole base at 200 mg/day and pyrantel pamoate salt at 60 mg/day for three consecutive days was 100% effective.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Benzimidazoles; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Mebendazole; Middle Aged; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antinematodal Agents; Benzimidazoles; Bephenium Compounds; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Mebendazole; Nematode Infections; Pyrantel; Suspensions; Tablets

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Nematode Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Animals; Diet; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Nematode Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Tartrate

704 patients with intestinal nematode infestation were treated with oxantel and oxantel-pyrantel in either liquid or tablet form, at doses from 10 to 25mg/kg. All were given the drug or drugs as a single dose. In 699 patients with trichuriasis cure rates between 64 and 93% were obtained and there were egg reduction rates of between 90 and 100%. The best results were obtained using oxantel, either alone or in combination with pyrantel, at 15 to 20mg/kg. Only 2 of 152 patients with ascariasis were not cured after a single dose of pyrantel (given as oxantel-pyrantel) of 10, 15 or 20mg/kg, and both these patients were from the group given the lowest dose. Only mild side-effects were noted. The combination, oxantel-pyrantel is a safe and effective treatment for multiple intestinal nematode infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Combinations; Feces; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Nematode Infections; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Styrenes

The anthelminthic efficacy of pyrantel pamoate (Combantrin) in a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight was compared with that of thiabendazole (Mintezol) in two doses each of 25 mg/kg body weight in a controlled trial. Follow-up examination, 6 weeks after treatment with Combantrin gave cure rates of 93.8%, and 29.1% for infection with Ascaris and the Hookworm respectively, and 44.3% and 27.3% in those treated with Mintezol. The reduction in hookworm egg counts was higher in patients treated with Combantrin than with Mintezol, and Combantrin was better tolerated. Neither drug was effective against the Trichuris. The results are compared with those from other parts of the world.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascariasis; Child; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Strongyloidiasis; Thiabendazole; Trichuriasis

One-hundred and forty-five farmers aged 7-45 years who were infected with Ancylostoma duodenale and/or ascaris were treated with a single dose of levamisole, pyrantel, or bephenium. The percentage cure rates were ascaris 100 per cent ahd hookworm 93 per cent for levamisole; ascaris 90 per cent and hookworm 78 per cent for pyrantel; and ascaris 73 per cent and hookworm 81 per cent for bephenium. The 3 drugs were well tolerated. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy or The Egyptian Ministry of Healty.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostomiasis; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Child; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrantel

Topics: Bephenium Compounds; Female; Helminthiasis; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Male; Pyrantel

Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Helminthiasis; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Taiwan

Topics: Humans; Hygiene; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Oxyuriasis; Pyrantel

Topics: Adolescent; Anthelmintics; Child; Dosage Forms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation; Feces; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Remission, Spontaneous; Trichuriasis; Trichuris

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate

The first two cases of onchocerciasis seen in Canada are reported. The patients had come from West Africa to study in Canada several months prior to admission to hospital. The presenting symptom in each case was intense pruritus. One of the patients had early ocular involvement. The diagnosis was made by means of microscopic examination of a skin snip. The subcutaneous nodule excised from one of the patients showed the adult Onchocerca volvulus. Both patients also had urinary schistosomiasis. The clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment and public health aspects of onchocerciasis are discussed.

Topics: Adult; Africa, Western; Biopsy; Canada; Diethylcarbamazine; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Niridazole; Onchocerca; Onchocerciasis; Public Health; Pyrantel; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis; Skin; Transients and Migrants; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascariasis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Oxyuriasis; Pyrantel