pyrantel and Ascariasis

The observation by microscopy of nematode eggs in human faeces is used to diagnose a helminthic infection, while the concentration of those eggs is used to estimate the number of worms in the host. Within a community, the prevalence of infection and the mean egg count provide useful information about the extent of a public health problem, and are being used to guide the growing efforts to control disease caused by helminths. Here, Andrew Hall and Celia Holland examine data on the relationship between the worm burdens of Ascaris lumbricoides and the concentration of eggs in faeces, and discuss the implications of the variation found for using such data to plan helminth control programmes.

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Bangladesh; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Fertility; Humans; Levamisole; Male; Nigeria; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Cestode Infections; Helminthiasis; Hookworm Infections; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Mebendazole; Niclosamide; Paromomycin; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Pyrvinium Compounds; Quinacrine; Strongyloidiasis; Tetrachloroethylene; Thiabendazole; Trichuriasis

Topics: Amebiasis; Amides; Ancylostomiasis; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Cestode Infections; Emetine; Furazolidone; Giardiasis; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Mebendazole; Metronidazole; Necatoriasis; Niclosamide; Oxyuriasis; Paromomycin; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Pyrvinium Compounds; Quinacrine; Strongyloidiasis; Tetramisole; Thiabendazole; Thiocyanates; Trichuriasis

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Cestode Infections; Dichlorvos; Fascioliasis; Helminthiasis; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Hymenolepiasis; Imidazoles; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Niclosamide; Oxyuriasis; Paromomycin; Pyrantel; Strongyloidiasis; Tetramisole; Trichuriasis

A multicentre, randomized trial was carried out to compare the efficacy of two single-dose treatments for ascariasis: mebendazole 200 mg, and pyrantel 10 mg/kg. Each centre enrolled 200 patients with a suspected diagnosis of ascariasis, 100 for each treatment, and the treatments were randomized for each centre. To confirm the diagnosis, stools were examined for eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides by Kato's thick smear method. Efficacy was evaluated by stool examination repeated three weeks after treatment by a "blind" technician using two methods, viz. Kato's thick smear method and the zinc sulfate flotation method. Cure was defined as absence of ascaris eggs in the stools by both methods. Of the 600 enrolled patients, 32 were excluded from analysis as their initial stool examination was negative, and 568 completed the trial: 284 on each treatment. The cure rate was 80 per cent in the mebendazole group and 90 per cent in the pyrantel group (P less than 0.01). Thus pyrantel was found to be significantly more efficacious than mebendazole for single-dose treatment of ascariasis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mebendazole; Middle Aged; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Pyrantel; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Enterobius; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mebendazole; Oxyuriasis; Pyrantel; Random Allocation

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Infant; Levamisole; Male; Mebendazole; Middle Aged; Piperazine; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Random Allocation

In a trial involving 185 school children, pyrantel pamoate (Combantrin) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 1-3 days was found to be very effective against the Ascaris and moderately effective against the hookworm, with mean cure rates ranging from 93.3-96.7% and 53.3-73.3% respectively. No apparent action against the Trichuris was detected, a mean cure rate of between 34.2 and 46.1% being only slightly, but not significantly, better than the 33.8% cure for a placebo-treated control group. Single and multiple doses of the suspension and tablet formulations of the drug were well tolerated. From the series of randomized and controlled trials conducted, we recommend that, in this area, the appropriate dose of the drug to use for treating ascariasis is 10 mg/kg per day for 1 day, and for infections which include hookworm, 20 mg/kg per day for 3 days.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascariasis; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Fenbendazole (Hoe 881) 5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbaminicacidmethylester in doses of 1-0 g and 1-5 g per person were effective against Ascaris and gave substantial egg count reductions against hookworm (mainly Necator americanus). The 1-5 g dose gave good results against Trichuris. In a trial with a suspension of Hoe 881 with a high specific surface of 25 m2/g there was no advantage over tablets with a specific surface of approximately 8 m2/g. Two doses of 500 mg given with an interval of 24 hours were no more effective than one dose of 1-0 g. In a comparative trial using Hoe 881 1-5 g, Pyrantel 10 mg/kg and placebo respectively Hoe 881 showed equal potency against hookworms and Acsaris as Pyrantel and good effectiveness against Trichuris. Pyrantel showed only moderate activity against Trichuris in this trial.

Topics: Adolescent; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Carbamates; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Male; Pyrantel; Trichuriasis

Topics: Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Tetramisole

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hepatitis, Animal; Male; Pleural Diseases; Pneumonia, Viral; Pyrantel; Swine; Swine Diseases

Intestinal nematodes affect more than a billion people worldwide. They are commonly found in regions with poor fecal sanitation, such as developing countries. Although most of the nematode infections are non-fatal diseases, they contribute to significant morbidities such as loss of work capacity and malnutrition. We are presenting an 80-year-old male who was diagnosed with Ascaris Lumbricoides after a return from recent travel to Greece, with some clinical endoscopic images.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Colonoscopy; Female; Greece; Humans; Male; Pyrantel; Tennessee; Travel

The role of the humoral immune system in human infection with Ascaris lumbricoides remains unclear. This study documents an epidemiological investigation in a highly endemic community in Vietnam, whereby serum antibody levels were assessed before treatment and after a 6-month reinfection period. These data were examined by correlation with infection status using an age-structured approach in an attempt to help shed light on the role of the humoral immune response. The first part of this study characterized levels of all serum antibody isotypes from the community in response to antigens of both adult and larval A. lumbricoides. Data were assessed in terms of their relation to host age and infection intensity with the aim to provide a broadly detailed account of immune responses to the parasite. In the second part, antibody responses to both life-stages of A. lumbricoides in serum samples collected before anthelmintic chemotherapy were analysed in relation to intensity of re-infection with the parasite 6 months following treatment. The results suggest that antibody responses may not confer protection from current infection or re-infection with A. lumbricoides and may not serve as reliable indicators of future infection intensity. Our results thereby lend support to the theory that immunity to A. lumbricoides may not be based on the humoral immune system.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Combinations; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrantel; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Vietnam

Topics: Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Heart Block; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Pyrantel; Stress, Psychological; Urination Disorders

Since 2 morphological forms (fertilized and unfertilized) of egg can be produced by Ascaris, infected humans can release in their faeces fertilized eggs only (FEO), unfertilized eggs only (UEO) or both fertilized and unfertilized eggs (FUE) (designated herein as the 3 different egg profiles). Epidemiologically, fertilized eggs are of significance as they enable effective transmission of the parasite. This study, for the first time, characterizes the Ascaris egg profiles in human faeces in an endemic region of China, explores possible host- and parasite-factors related to these profiles, and discusses the biological and epidemiological implications of the findings. The 3 egg profiles were recorded throughout the study period of 2 years, and the overall percentages of people with FEO, FUE and UEO profiles were approximately 41-47%, 32-42% and 17-21%, respectively. The overall number of unfertilized eggs for the entire population accounted for approximately 6-9% of all eggs excreted. The different Ascaris egg profiles showed no correlation to host gender, but they did relate to age and worm burden of the host and to the sex ratio and developmental status of the parasite. While an annual universal anthelmintic treatment resulted in some fluctuation in the values of individual egg profiles, the general features of these profiles remained similar throughout the study period. The findings of this study should have significant implications for understanding transmission patterns of Ascaris and for the implementation of control measures against ascariasis in endemic regions.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feces; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Sex Factors

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Ivermectin; Macrolides; Male; Netherlands; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel

Hookworm infection as well as other intestinal nematodiases are endemic to Sichuan Province in China. In order to research the prevalence and intensity of these infections we visited two villages in Hejiang County (southern Sichuan Province) and Santai County (northwestern Sichuan Province) between July and October of 1997. Fecal examinations were performed on adult villagers over the age of 15 years (currently children under this age are dewormed annually with anthelmintic drugs). Among 310 residents of Lugao Village (Hejiang County), 87, 63 and 60% were infected with hookworm, Ascaris or Trichuris, respectively. The prevalence of hookworm determined to rise linearly with age (r = 0.97). High intensity infections with hookworm still occur in this region as 22% of the residents have over 3000 eggs per gram (PEG) of feces as determined by quantitative egg counts. The majority of these individuals harbored mixed infection with Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, although the former predominated when adult hookworms were collected from 30 village residents treated with pyrantel pamoate. In contrast, among the 334 Xinjian villagers examined (Santai County) the majority harbored predominantly light hookworm infections--66.1% of the residents has less than 400 EPG by quantitative fecal examination and only 3.7% exhibited greater than 3000 EPG. Again, N. americanus was the predominant hookworm seen after worm expulsion. We have round that despite economic development which is occurring in some parts of China, significant hookworm infections and clinical hookworm anemia still exist in areas of Sichuan Province. In Hejiang County we found that the intensity of hookworm infection has actually risen within the last 10 years. Hookworm is a medical problem among the elderly in Sichuan.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; China; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Necator americanus; Necatoriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Pyrantel; Rural Health; Trichuriasis

Crossbred young pigs were used to test whether abbreviated infections with eggs of Ascaris suum can stimulate the acquisition of resistance to challenge. Weanling pigs from an Ascaris-free colony were kept free of A. suum until they were divided into groups at the age of 7-8 weeks. The experimental animals received pyrantel tartrate during the period when they were being exposed to increasing numbers of infective A. suum eggs and challenged 10 days after the last infective dose. Liver milk-spot counts and larval recoveries from the lungs indicated that the strongest resistance was acquired by the animals that received the drug continuously for 6 weeks while being exposed to six weekly infective egg doses. The data do not suggest any drug-related suppression of the resistance response to A. suum infection.

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Larva; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Tartrate; Swine; Swine Diseases

An experiment was conducted with 96 weanling pigs (avg initial wt 18.5 kg) divided into six treatment with two replicates of eight pigs each. Pigs in Treatments 1, 2 and 3 were penned in outside pens with dirt lots that previously were contaminated with A. suum ova to induce a natural ascaris infection. Pigs in Treatments 4, 5 and 6 were penned in an open-front building with solid concrete floors and were experimentally infected with 2,000 embryonated A. suum. ova on d 1, 15 and 29 of the experiment. Pigs in Treatments 1 and 4 were medicated with fenbendazole (FBZ, 3 mg/[kg BW.d]) for three consecutive days during three consecutive time periods. Pigs in Treatments 2 and 5 were medicated with pyrantel tartrate (PT, 106 mg/kg feed) for 28 d. Pigs in Treatments 3 and 6 served as infected, unmedicated controls. All pigs were challenged with 100 A. suum eggs 7 d after termination of the final FBZ treatment. All pigs were killed 66 d after challenge and worms were recovered. Fenbendazole treatment resulted in greater (P less than .07) average daily gain than PT treatment in pigs penned outside. Among inside pigs, FBZ treatment resulted in better (P less than .02) feed utilization than in controls. The FBZ and PT treatments reduced (P less than .03) the total number of A. suum, the length and weight of female ascarids and the length of male ascarids compared with controls. A natural continual infection with A. suum was less effective than experimental infection in inducing protective immunity in pigs.

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Female; Fenbendazole; Housing, Animal; Liver; Lung; Male; Organ Size; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Tartrate; Random Allocation; Swine; Swine Diseases; Weight Gain

Analysis of egg and worm counts of Ascaris recorded at various intervals following a mass anthelmintic treatment programme in a South Indian fishing community is presented. Three indices of infection in the community are compared, namely the prevalence and intensity of egg output (at 2, 6 and 11 months following treatment) and the number of worms expelled following an 11 month period of reinfection. Detailed examination of these measurements revealed significant associations with patient sex and age. The age-prevalence profile of Ascaris infection changed little over time (except immediately following treatment) with the peak prevalence found in the 5-9 year age group. Although 85% of both males and females harboured Ascaris initially, the prevalence following 11 months reinfection was decreased, due to a significantly lower proportion of males being reinfected. By the 11th month of reinfection, the age-intensity profiles of egg output were similar to those observed at initial treatment in the older age groups (10 years and above) and in male children (less than 10 years). However, a dramatic increase in the egg output of female children, greatly exceeding the initial mean, was observed within a 6 month period of reinfection. The intensity of egg output did not accurately reflect the abundance of Ascaris recovered via drug-induced expulsion following an 11 month period of reinfection. Although the egg output attained preintervention levels, the average worm intensity reached only half the initial value. The trends in the sex- and age-intensity profiles were consistent at the two sampling dates and showed similar patterns to the egg output curves. The relevance of the results to helminth control and the monitoring of reinfection is discussed.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Recurrence; Sex Factors

Conventional chemoprophylaxis of canine toxocariasis is based upon the treatment of young puppies. It is proposed that physiological considerations and the complexity of the host-parasite relationship in the case of Toxocara canis demand that anthelmintic evaluation should properly be conducted in such animals rather than in adolescent or adult dogs. A screening model using the critical trial technique in early weaned pups gave variable results even with compounds known to be of high efficacy in older dogs. Circumstantial evidence suggested that this inconsistency may be related to the rate of passage of ingesta through such young animals. More satisfactory results were obtained by pairing unweaned naturally infected puppies by weight and sex and treating one of each pair with the test compound. Natural in utero and transmammary infection was found to give fairly consistent worm-burdens within each litter and a good indication of efficacy could therefore be estimated by comparing post mortem worm-counts. On this basis, the apparent efficacies of pyrantel pamoate (5 mg kg-1) and piperazine (100 mg kg-1) were found to be 83.5 and 82.5%, respectively. This method was extended to evaluate a prophylactic programme in which anthelmintic therapy was given to pups when aged 10, 20 and 30 days. Intestinal T. canis populations were reduced, at 35 days of age, by between 94.2% and 98.0%. This programme increased overall weight gains between 10 and 30 days of age by 18% (P less than 0.05) although there was great variation between litters. The biggest response was observed in male pups between 20 and 30 days old.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Suckling; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Body Weight; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Administration Schedule; Feces; Female; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Phenyl Ethers; Piperazine; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Thiocyanates; Toxocariasis

The study design of a project to investigate the epidemiology, population dynamics and control of intestinal nematode infections in fishing village communities in Southern India is described. The paper focuses on Ascaris lumbricoides infection and describes changes in prevalence and intensity (worm burdens) with host age, the aggregated frequency distributions of parasite numbers per person, a density-dependent relationship between parasite fecundity and worm burden and rates of reinfection following chemotherapeutic treatment. The age-intensity of infection profile is convex in form, where maximum worm burdens are attained in children in the age range five to nine years. On the basis of juvenile to adult worm ratioos, the life expectancy of Ascaris in man is estimated to be of the order of one year. Rates of reacquisition of worms after chemotherapy are shown to be dependent on host age. Wormy individuals with heavy infections are shown to be predisposed to this state such that they reacquire heavier than average worm burdens following treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Recurrence

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Hookworm Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Toxocariasis; Trichuriasis

A mixture of 150 mg mebendazole and 30mg pyrantel pamoate was given on 3 consecutive or near-consecutive days to 70 children infected with one or more of Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, S. fuelleborni-like and Trichuris trichiura. This treatment had an efficacy of 95 per cent for N. americanus infections, 100 per cent for A. lumbricoides, 57 per cent for Strongyloides spp., and 75 per cent for T. trichiura. The results indicate that the treatment given is effective against the infections of N. americanus and A. lumbricoides but is only partially effective for Strongyloides and T. trichiura infections.

Topics: Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infant; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Nematode Infections; Papua New Guinea; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Strongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis

A study was carried out to find out the incidence of helminthic infections in hospitalized patients at Sher-e-Bangla Medical College, Barisal and to determine the comparative efficacy of pyrantel pamoate, levamisole, and mebendazole. It was observed that 76.2 per cent of total hospitalized patients were infected with intestinal helminths. Polyparasitism (52.6 per cent) was more frequent than single infection (21.8 per cent). Amongst these, 47.5 per cent was suffering from Asearis lumbricoides (AL), 42.5 per cent from Hookworm (H.W) and 65.8 per cent from trichuris trichura (TT). Out of 255 cases examined separately, 40 per cent was suffering from Enterobious vermicularis (EV) infection. The comparative study showed that mebendazole produced egg negative stool in 90.9 per cent of AL, 95.6 per cent of HW and 86.8 per cent of TT after eight days of treatment. On the other hand, pyrantel pamoate cured AL in 93.3 per cent, HW in 78.5 per cent and TT in 34.2 per cent eases. Levamisole cured 75 per cent AL, 4.1 per cent H.W. and 22.2 per cent TT within the same period.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascariasis; Bangladesh; Benzimidazoles; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Levamisole; Mebendazole; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

The use of pyrantel tartrate (106 mg/kg of feed) as a continuous feed medication was evaluated in 848 finishing hogs for efficacy in preventing Ascaris suum infections, and in reducing liver fibrosis and liver condemnation at slaughter, associated with A suum infections. Liver condemnations due to Ascaris damage were reduced 100% in all pigs given pyrantel, when compared with condemnation in non-medicated controls. None of the livers from any of the medicated animals was condemned, whereas livers from 101 (21%) of 479 nonmedicated pigs were condemned due to extensive hepatic scarring. Pyrantel medication administered for 62, 45, or 28 to 31 days resulted in reductions of total number of livers lesions at slaughter by 93.4%, 80.5%, and 68.6%, respectively. In nearly all cases, hepatic lesions remaining at slaughter of pigs given pyrantel in the feed were less distinct than were lesions found on livers from nonmedicated pigs.

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Food Inspection; Liver; Meat; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Tartrate; Swine; Swine Diseases

A mixture of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate was given to 147 primary school children. A single daily dose of 15 mg per kg body weight was administered to cases with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections. The same single daily dose was given for three consecutive days to 10 cases with hookworm infections. The cure rate was 93.7% for ascariasis and the egg reduction rate was 98.2%. A cure rate and an egg reduction rate for trichuriasis was 70.2% and 86.5% respectively. All cases with hookworm infection were cured. Side effects were light and did not cause any anxiety.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascariasis; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Indonesia; Necatoriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antinematodal Agents; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Mebendazole; Necatoriasis; Nematode Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adult; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Female; Humans; Ovum; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Trichuriasis

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Costs and Cost Analysis; Pyrantel; Swine; Swine Diseases

Over a period of several years the use of pyrantel embonate in the control of helminth infections on three equine establishments was monitored by the examination of faecal samples collected immediately before each anthelmintic treatment. With a monthly interval between treatments for three years the faecal egg output of the horses remained at a very low level. One one establishment this was maintained when the treatment interval was extended to one-and-a-half months after treating monthly for two years. If a treatment interval of one-and-a-half months was used continuously for a number of years there was a cumulative effect, and the benefits, in terms of reduced faecal egg output of the horses, were more apparent during the second year of the control programme.

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Nematode Infections; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Strongyle Infections, Equine

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Ascariasis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Toxocariasis

A comparative trial was carried out in 4 orphanges in Seoul, to compare the anthelminthic efficacy of oxantel-pyrantel suspension and mebendazole tablets against mixed infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. 40 patients were divided into 4 groups and received oxantel-pyrantel suspension at 15 or 20mg/kg once only or on 2 consecutive days. Another group of 20 patients was treated with 100mg of mebendazole twice a day for 3 days. Both drugs achieved a 100% cure rate for Ascaris infections. Against Trichuris infections, the average cure rate and egg reduction rate of oxantel-pyrantel treated groups was 87.5% and 92.3% respectively, and that for mebendazole was 65% and 89.1%. There were no side-effects. The results of the present study suggest that oxantel-pyrantel is more effective in the treatment of mixed infections of Ascaris and Trichuris, and was more acceptable to the patients, than mebendazole.

Topics: Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Drug Combinations; Feces; Humans; Mebendazole; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrimidines; Styrenes; Trichuriasis

Oral inoculation of mice with 340 embryonated eggs of the nematode, Baylisascaris procyonis, proved uniformly fatal as early as 13 days after inoculation and as late as 48 days. Mice given either 0.5% or 0.25% of pyrantel tartrate in dry feed were protected from cerebral migrations of the worm for 55 days. Treatment with pyrantel pamoate in the feed at the concentration of 0.2% given 7 days before inoculation and 5 days after inoculation also protected mice from migrations throughout the 55-day experiment. Embryonated eggs stored in 0.5% formalin in a 4-C refrigerator for 9 years have proved fatal to mice given doses of 340 eggs each.

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Female; Locomotion; Mice; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Pyrantel Tartrate; Raccoons; Rodent Diseases

The anthelminthic efficacy of pyrantel pamoate (Combantrin) in a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight was compared with that of thiabendazole (Mintezol) in two doses each of 25 mg/kg body weight in a controlled trial. Follow-up examination, 6 weeks after treatment with Combantrin gave cure rates of 93.8%, and 29.1% for infection with Ascaris and the Hookworm respectively, and 44.3% and 27.3% in those treated with Mintezol. The reduction in hookworm egg counts was higher in patients treated with Combantrin than with Mintezol, and Combantrin was better tolerated. Neither drug was effective against the Trichuris. The results are compared with those from other parts of the world.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascariasis; Child; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Strongyloidiasis; Thiabendazole; Trichuriasis

One-hundred and forty-five farmers aged 7-45 years who were infected with Ancylostoma duodenale and/or ascaris were treated with a single dose of levamisole, pyrantel, or bephenium. The percentage cure rates were ascaris 100 per cent ahd hookworm 93 per cent for levamisole; ascaris 90 per cent and hookworm 78 per cent for pyrantel; and ascaris 73 per cent and hookworm 81 per cent for bephenium. The 3 drugs were well tolerated. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy or The Egyptian Ministry of Healty.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostomiasis; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Child; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Levamisole; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrantel

Pyrantel pamoate at dosage of 10 mg per kilogramme body weight was given to each villager at 4-6 weeks intervals for three times. The infection rates of hookworms among those who received and did not received the drug decreased from 60.5% pre-treatment to 19.6% after the third treatment and then increased to 32.4% one year after the third treatment. Infection rates of A. lumbricoides and Strongyloides spp. among the villagers who received and did not received the drug decreased from 27.5% pre-treatment to 2.2% after the third treatment and then increased to 20.1% one year later for the former, while the latter decreased from 6.5% pre-treatment to 2.3% after the third treatment and 0.4% one year later. The infection rate of T. trichiura was found to increase as pyrantel pamoate had no effect on this nematode. The authors suggested that to obtain more satisfactory results the anthelmintic drug used must likewise be effective against T. trichiura particularly in areas where this nematode is a public health problem. It was also suggested that the duration of treatment should be prolonged.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Helminthiasis; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Soil Microbiology; Strongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis

Oral administration of solutions of pyrantel tartrate at 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg body weight gave 43.9, 82.1, 92.8 and 99.1 per cent efficacy respecively. None of the chicks given 100 and 125 mg/kg body weight showed any sign of toxicity.

Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaridiasis; Chickens; Poultry Diseases; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Tartrate

The efficacy of mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate was studied in two groups of 59 and 58 cases, respectively, of patients with polyparasitosis. Mebendazole had a cure rate of 96%, 82.2%, 71.4% and 66.6% in A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T. trichiura and S. stercoralis, respectively, while the corresponding figures for pyrantel pamoate were 92.6%, 85.7%, 19.4% and 0%. Pyrantel pamoate is considered to have no significant effect on T. trichiura and S. stercoralis. None of the drugs had any effect on T. saginata. Both drugs have been found to be equally effective against enterobiasis by various authors. It is recommended that pyrantel pamoate be the drug of choice in cases of multiple parasitic infections excluding T. trichiura and S. stercoralis whereas those with one or both of these in addition to others should be treated with mebendazole. Mebendazole can be prescribed for patients with clinical evidence of helminthic infections even where stool examination is not possible as it covers almost the whole range of common helminthic infections. The only limitation for poorer patients however is its cost. Pyrantel pamoate has a wider applicability for the poorer patients in spite of the fact that it is ineffective against trichurids and S. stercoralis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascariasis; Benzimidazoles; Child; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Male; Mebendazole; Middle Aged; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Strongyloidiasis

Eleven dogs dosed at approximately the recommended rate of 1.029 mg of pyrantel pamoate/kg of body weight were used. The efficacy against Ancylostoma in the 11 dogs was 99% (av; min-max, 94-99%). In 4 dogs with both Toxocara and Ancylostoma, average efficacy against Toxocara was 96%, and in 5 dogs with both Toxoscaris and Ancylostoma, efficacy against Toxascaris was 93%. Only 2 dogs of the 11 were infected with the 3 species; the average efficacy was 90%. There appeared to be no activity against the Trichuris found in one dog and the Dipylidium found in another. Treated dogs did not vomit or have other noticeable ill effects.

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Ascariasis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Nematode Infections; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Pamoate; Toxocariasis

At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, pyrantel tartrate was 18-51, 99-63, 100 and 100 per cent effective in chickens treated at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days respectively after infection with Ascaridia galli. Similarly, 25 mg/kg was 14-44, 100, 100 and 99-63 per cent effective.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaridiasis; Chickens; Poultry Diseases; Pyrantel; Pyrantel Tartrate

Topics: Amebiasis; Amoeba; Ascariasis; Benzenesulfonates; Bephenium Compounds; Feces; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Liver Abscess, Amebic; Metronidazole; Parasitic Diseases; Piperazines; Pyrantel; Schistosoma; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Sigmoidoscopy; Thiabendazole; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pregnancy; Pyrantel

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Ascariasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Family; Feces; Female; Humans; Infant; Lebanon; Male; Oxyuriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Socioeconomic Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Ascariasis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Drug Evaluation; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Middle Aged; Nematode Infections; Oxyuriasis; Pyrantel; Solubility; Tartrates; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascariasis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Oxyuriasis; Pyrantel

Topics: Abdomen; Administration, Oral; Ascariasis; Child; Diarrhea; Drug Evaluation; Feces; Headache; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Necator; Pain; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Trichuriasis; Vomiting

Topics: Ascariasis; Enterobius; Feces; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Naphthalenes; Nematode Infections; Oxyuriasis; Parasite Egg Count; Pyrantel; Quebec; Strongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Piperazines; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pyrantel