Page last updated: 2024-11-03

propofol and Brain Injuries

propofol has been researched along with Brain Injuries in 81 studies

Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.
propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.

Brain Injuries: Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is defined as acute bradycardia progressing to asystole combined with lipemic plasma, fatty liver enlargement, metabolic acidosis with negative base excess >10 mmol l(-1), rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria associated with propofol infusion."8.85Propofol infusion syndrome: update of clinical manifestation and pathophysiology. ( Bein, B; Fudickar, A, 2009)
"The propofol infusion syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the occurrence of lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis and cardiovascular collapse following high-dose propofol infusion over prolonged periods of time."8.84Update on the propofol infusion syndrome in ICU management of patients with head injury. ( Cremer, OL; Kalkman, CJ; Otterspoor, LC, 2008)
"Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is well known, often associated with, lethal complication of sedation with propofol."7.78Propofol infusion syndrome heralded by ECG changes. ( Aslan, A; Jacobs, B; Mijzen, EJ; Rodgers, MG, 2012)
"To investigate the effects of propofol on the three kinds of brain injuries induced by metabolic disorder, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acid, and oxygen-derived free radicals in rat cerebral cortical and hippocampal slices."7.72[The influences of propofol on different kinds of brain injuries in rat brain slices]. ( Chen, HZ; Wang, ZJ; Xia, M; Xue, QS; Yu, BW, 2003)
"Remifentanil was effective, well tolerated and provided comparable haemodynamic stability to that of the hypnotic-based regimen."6.71Safety and efficacy of analgesia-based sedation with remifentanil versus standard hypnotic-based regimens in intensive care unit patients with brain injuries: a randomised, controlled trial [ISRCTN50308308]. ( Karabinis, A; Kirkham, AJ; Komnos, A; Mandragos, K; Soukup, J; Speelberg, B; Stergiopoulos, S, 2004)
"Propofol is a potent and widely used central-acting sedative drug."5.35Propofol infusion syndrome with arrhythmia, myocardial fat accumulation and cardiac failure. ( Jorens, PG; Van den Eynden, GG, 2009)
"Propofol infusion syndrome is a rare but frequently fatal complication in critically ill children who are given prolonged high-dose infusions of the drug."5.34Propofol infusion syndrome: a case of increasing morbidity with traumatic brain injury. ( Coritsidis, G; Rehman, Z; Sabsovich, I; Yunen, J, 2007)
"Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is defined as acute bradycardia progressing to asystole combined with lipemic plasma, fatty liver enlargement, metabolic acidosis with negative base excess >10 mmol l(-1), rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria associated with propofol infusion."4.85Propofol infusion syndrome: update of clinical manifestation and pathophysiology. ( Bein, B; Fudickar, A, 2009)
"The propofol infusion syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the occurrence of lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis and cardiovascular collapse following high-dose propofol infusion over prolonged periods of time."4.84Update on the propofol infusion syndrome in ICU management of patients with head injury. ( Cremer, OL; Kalkman, CJ; Otterspoor, LC, 2008)
"Since, in healthy individuals, slow waves can be induced with anesthetics, the authors tested the possible association between hypoxic brain injury and slow-wave activity in comatose postcardiac arrest patients (n = 10) using controlled propofol exposure."3.85Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury. ( Ala-Kokko, T; Alahuhta, S; Backman, JT; Huuskonen, U; Kortelainen, J; Koskenkari, J; Laurila, J; Seppänen, T; Väyrynen, E, 2017)
"Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is well known, often associated with, lethal complication of sedation with propofol."3.78Propofol infusion syndrome heralded by ECG changes. ( Aslan, A; Jacobs, B; Mijzen, EJ; Rodgers, MG, 2012)
"To evaluate the effects of the neurological "wake-up test" (NWT), defined as interruption of continuous propofol sedation and evaluation of the patient's level of consciousness, on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or traumatic brain injury (TBI)."3.75Effects of the neurological wake-up test on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in brain-injured patients. ( Enblad, P; Marklund, N; Skoglund, K, 2009)
"To investigate the effects of propofol on the three kinds of brain injuries induced by metabolic disorder, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acid, and oxygen-derived free radicals in rat cerebral cortical and hippocampal slices."3.72[The influences of propofol on different kinds of brain injuries in rat brain slices]. ( Chen, HZ; Wang, ZJ; Xia, M; Xue, QS; Yu, BW, 2003)
" Propofol was used for surgical anesthesia because recovery in normal animals from an intravenous infusion was found to be nearly complete within 2 h of cessation and absolutely complete by 4 h."3.68Early assessment of neurologic deficits in the fluid percussion model of brain injury. ( Einhaus, SL; Hilton, DL; Meric, AL; Park, MR; Robertson, JT; Schweitzer, JB; White, RP, 1993)
" Both sedatives were administered over 7 days and individual dosage was adapted according to clinical requirements."2.72Effects of propofol vs methohexital on neutrophil function and immune status in critically ill patients. ( Hout, Nv; Huettemann, E; Jung, A; Sakka, SG; Vogelsang, H, 2006)
"Remifentanil was effective, well tolerated and provided comparable haemodynamic stability to that of the hypnotic-based regimen."2.71Safety and efficacy of analgesia-based sedation with remifentanil versus standard hypnotic-based regimens in intensive care unit patients with brain injuries: a randomised, controlled trial [ISRCTN50308308]. ( Karabinis, A; Kirkham, AJ; Komnos, A; Mandragos, K; Soukup, J; Speelberg, B; Stergiopoulos, S, 2004)
"Traumatic brain injuries remain an area of great challenge to both neurosurgeons and neuroanaesthesiologists."2.45Traumatic brain injury: neuroprotective anaesthetic techniques, an update. ( Aal-Shaya, WA; Al-Faridi, K; Halawani, MM; Taha, WS; Tawfeeq, NA, 2009)
"Propofol has been shown to ameliorate neuroinflammatory injury, but the exact mechanism of its neuroprotective role remains to be fully elucidated."1.56Propofol Attenuates Inflammatory Damage via Inhibiting NLRP1-Casp1-Casp6 Signaling in Ischemic Brain Injury. ( Chen, P; Li, K; Li, X; Ma, Z; Pan, J; Zhao, G, 2020)
"Propofol toxicity was abolished both by pharmacologic inhibition of the cell death domain of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (TAT-Pep5) and in mice lacking the extracellular neurotrophin binding site of p75 neurotrophin receptor."1.43Posttraumatic Propofol Neurotoxicity Is Mediated via the Pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Pathway in Adult Mice. ( Ditter, A; Engelhard, K; Gölz, C; Granold, M; Luh, C; Moosmann, B; Pöttker, B; Radyushkin, K; Schäfer, MK; Schaible, EV; Sebastiani, A; Sebastiani, P; Thal, SC; Timaru-Kast, R; Werner, C, 2016)
"The propofol infusion rate was non-significantly lower with drainage."1.38Effect of continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage on therapeutic intensity in severe traumatic brain injury. ( Boch, AL; Boroli, F; Chauvet, D; Lescot, T; Puybasset, L; Reina, V, 2012)
"Propofol infusion was stopped immediately after the first signs of biochemical derangement."1.35Monitoring biochemical parameters as an early sign of propofol infusion syndrome: false feeling of security. ( Hartman, BJ; van Gestel, JP; Veldhoen, ES, 2009)
"Propofol is a potent and widely used central-acting sedative drug."1.35Propofol infusion syndrome with arrhythmia, myocardial fat accumulation and cardiac failure. ( Jorens, PG; Van den Eynden, GG, 2009)
"Propofol infusion syndrome is a rare but frequently fatal complication in critically ill children who are given prolonged high-dose infusions of the drug."1.34Propofol infusion syndrome: a case of increasing morbidity with traumatic brain injury. ( Coritsidis, G; Rehman, Z; Sabsovich, I; Yunen, J, 2007)
"Propofol has the protective effect on the intestine following traumatic brain injury in rats."1.34Effect of propofol on mucous permeability and inflammatory mediators expression in the intestine following traumatic brain injury in rats. ( Qian, Y; Shen, J; Sun, J; Wang, L; Wang, Z, 2007)
"Rats treated with isoflurane had the best cognitive recovery (p < 0."1.33Comparison of seven anesthetic agents on outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury in adult, male rats. ( Alexander, H; Clark, RS; Dixon, CE; Jenkins, L; Kochanek, PM; Statler, KD; Vagni, V, 2006)
"Halothane 2% did not increase the mortality in traumatized mice."1.31Influence of anesthesia protocol in experimental traumatic brain injury. ( Mesenge, H; Plotkine, M; Stutzmann, AM; Tecoult, E; Wahl, F, 2000)
"Propofol is an intravenous anaesthetic agent having anticonvulsant property."1.31[Efficacy of propofol in controlling myoclonus during rewarming in a brain hypothermia patient]. ( Machida, K; Mizuno, J; Sakai, K; Sugimoto, S; Tsutsui, T, 2002)
"3."1.29Neuroprotection by propofol in acute mechanical injury: role of GABAergic inhibition. ( Hollrigel, GS; Soltesz, I; Toth, K, 1996)
"Propofol was infused during 41."1.28Effects of propofol on cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in patients with brain trauma. ( Chetanneau, A; Fauchoux, N; Lelausque, JN; Ménégalli, D; Pinaud, M; Souron, R, 1990)
"Propofol (Disoprivan) is a rapid and effective hypnotic comparable with etomidate."1.27[Intracranial pressure in patients with craniocerebral trauma after administration of propofol and thiopental]. ( Hartung, HJ, 1987)

Research

Studies (81)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19904 (4.94)18.7374
1990's12 (14.81)18.2507
2000's32 (39.51)29.6817
2010's28 (34.57)24.3611
2020's5 (6.17)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Duclos, C1
Maschke, C1
Mahdid, Y1
Nadin, D1
Rokos, A1
Arbour, C1
Badawy, M1
Létourneau, J1
Owen, AM1
Plourde, G1
Blain-Moraes, S1
Jeffcote, T1
Weir, T1
Anstey, J1
Mcnamara, R1
Bellomo, R1
Udy, A1
Chang, J1
Yan, X1
Zeng, Y1
Klein, SP1
Fieuws, S1
Meyfroidt, G1
Depreitere, B1
Ma, Z1
Li, K1
Chen, P1
Pan, J1
Li, X1
Zhao, G1
Sanz-García, A1
Pérez-Romero, M1
Pastor, J1
Sola, RG1
Vega-Zelaya, L1
Vega, G1
Monasterio, F1
Torrecilla, C1
Pulido, P1
Ortega, GJ1
Guan, R1
Lv, J1
Xiao, F1
Tu, Y1
Xie, Y1
Li, L1
Ding, Z1
Zhang, J2
Xu, J1
Sheng, G1
Huang, G1
Hao, J1
Luo, JS1
Weng, Q1
He, Y1
Liu, J1
Yang, MH1
Bian, GY1
Liu, T1
Sanders, RD2
Coburn, M3
Pandharipande, PP2
Luo, T1
Wu, J1
Kabadi, SV1
Sabirzhanov, B1
Guanciale, K1
Hanscom, M1
Faden, J1
Cardiff, K1
Bengson, CJ1
Faden, AI1
Thal, SC2
Timaru-Kast, R2
Wilde, F1
Merk, P1
Johnson, F1
Frauenknecht, K1
Sebastiani, A2
Sommer, C1
Staib-Lasarzik, I1
Werner, C3
Engelhard, K3
Gu, JW1
Yang, T1
Kuang, YQ1
Huang, HD1
Kong, B1
Shu, HF1
Yu, SX1
Zhang, JH1
Colton, K2
Yang, S2
Hu, PF2
Chen, HH2
Bonds, B2
Scalea, TM2
Stein, DM2
Stansbury, LG1
Yu, Y1
Jian, MY1
Wang, YZ1
Han, RQ1
Yen, HC1
Chen, TW1
Yang, TC1
Wei, HJ1
Hsu, JC1
Lin, CL1
Granold, M1
Ditter, A1
Sebastiani, P1
Gölz, C1
Pöttker, B1
Luh, C1
Schaible, EV1
Radyushkin, K1
Schäfer, MK1
Moosmann, B1
Pakkianathan, C1
Benggon, M1
Khatibi, NH1
Chen, H1
Marcantonio, S1
Applegate, R1
Tang, J1
Woldegerima, N1
Rosenblatt, K1
Mintz, CD1
Mesa Suárez, P1
Santotoribio, JD1
Ramos Ramos, V1
González García, MÁ1
Pérez Ramos, S1
Portilla Huertas, D1
Muñoz Hoyos, A1
Oddo, M1
Crippa, IA1
Mehta, S1
Menon, D1
Payen, JF1
Taccone, FS1
Citerio, G1
Antkowiak, B1
Rudolph, U1
Kortelainen, J1
Väyrynen, E1
Huuskonen, U1
Laurila, J1
Koskenkari, J1
Backman, JT1
Alahuhta, S1
Seppänen, T1
Ala-Kokko, T1
Kirsch, M1
Guldenmund, P1
Ali Bahri, M1
Demertzi, A1
Baquero, K1
Heine, L1
Charland-Verville, V1
Vanhaudenhuyse, A1
Bruno, MA1
Gosseries, O1
Di Perri, C1
Ziegler, E1
Brichant, JF1
Soddu, A1
Bonhomme, V1
Laureys, S1
Otterspoor, LC1
Kalkman, CJ2
Cremer, OL2
Huang, SN1
Liu, YT1
Zhang, JX1
Veldhoen, ES1
Hartman, BJ1
van Gestel, JP1
Rossaint, J1
Rossaint, R1
Weis, J1
Fries, M1
Rex, S1
Fudickar, A1
Bein, B1
Skoglund, K1
Enblad, P1
Marklund, N1
Jorens, PG1
Van den Eynden, GG1
Tawfeeq, NA1
Halawani, MM1
Al-Faridi, K1
Aal-Shaya, WA1
Taha, WS1
Klimathianaki, M1
Kondili, E1
Alexopoulou, C1
Prinianakis, G1
Georgopoulos, D1
Yu, G1
Dymond, M1
Yuan, L1
Chaturvedi, LS1
Shiratsuchi, H1
Durairaj, S1
Marsh, HM1
Basson, MD1
Roberts, DJ1
Hall, RI1
Kramer, AH1
Robertson, HL1
Gallagher, CN1
Zygun, DA1
Tanguy, M1
Seguin, P1
Laviolle, B1
Bleichner, JP1
Morandi, X1
Malledant, Y1
Lescot, T1
Boroli, F1
Reina, V1
Chauvet, D1
Boch, AL1
Puybasset, L1
Mijzen, EJ1
Jacobs, B1
Aslan, A1
Rodgers, MG1
James, ML1
Olson, DM1
Graffagnino, C1
Oertel, M1
Kelly, DF1
Lee, JH1
Glenn, TC1
Vespa, PM1
Martin, NA1
Rhoney, DH1
Parker, D1
Formea, CM1
Yap, C1
Coplin, WM1
Adelson, PD1
Bratton, SL1
Carney, NA1
Chesnut, RM1
du Coudray, HE1
Goldstein, B1
Kochanek, PM2
Miller, HC1
Partington, MD1
Selden, NR1
Warden, CR1
Wright, DW1
Steiner, LA1
Johnston, AJ1
Chatfield, DA1
Czosnyka, M1
Coleman, MR1
Coles, JP1
Gupta, AK2
Pickard, JD1
Menon, DK2
Yu, BW1
Xue, QS1
Xia, M1
Wang, ZJ1
Chen, HZ1
Cruz, J1
Karabinis, A1
Mandragos, K1
Stergiopoulos, S1
Komnos, A1
Soukup, J1
Speelberg, B1
Kirkham, AJ1
Huang, SJ2
Shieh, JS1
Fu, M1
Kao, MC1
Statler, KD1
Alexander, H1
Vagni, V1
Dixon, CE1
Clark, RS1
Jenkins, L1
Huettemann, E1
Jung, A1
Vogelsang, H1
Hout, Nv1
Sakka, SG1
Corbett, SM1
Moore, J1
Rebuck, JA1
Rogers, FB1
Greene, CM1
Chiu, WT1
Lin, TJ1
Lin, JW1
Chang, CK1
Chen, HY1
Eberspächer, E1
Heimann, K1
Hollweck, R1
Schneider, G1
Sabsovich, I1
Rehman, Z1
Yunen, J1
Coritsidis, G1
Peeters, MY1
Kuiper, H1
Greijdanus, B1
van der Naalt, J1
Knibbe, CA1
Uges, DR1
Rosen, DJ1
Nicoara, A1
Koshy, N1
Wedderburn, RV1
Adembri, C1
Venturi, L1
Pellegrini-Giampietro, DE1
Sun, J1
Wang, L1
Shen, J1
Wang, Z1
Qian, Y1
Cattano, D1
Forfori, F1
Giunta, F1
McArthur, CJ1
Gin, T1
McLaren, IM1
Critchley, JA1
Oh, TE1
Fowler, SB1
Hertzog, J1
Wagner, BK1
Bullock, R2
Stewart, L2
Rafferty, C2
Teasdale, GM2
Fitch, W1
Canivet, JL1
Gustad, K1
Leclercq, P1
Damas, P1
Lamy, M1
Hilton, DL1
Einhaus, SL1
Meric, AL1
White, RP1
Schweitzer, JB1
Park, MR1
Robertson, JT1
Hollrigel, GS1
Toth, K1
Soltesz, I1
Albanèse, J1
Arnaud, S1
Rey, M1
Thomachot, L1
Alliez, B1
Martin, C1
Tecoult, E1
Mesenge, H1
Stutzmann, AM1
Plotkine, M1
Wahl, F1
Moons, KG1
Bouman, EA1
Kruijswijk, JE1
de Smet, AM1
Matta, BF1
Swami, A1
Kahveci, FS1
Kahveci, N1
Alkan, T1
Goren, B1
Korfali, E1
Ozluk, K1
Mizuno, J1
Sugimoto, S1
Tsutsui, T1
Machida, K1
Sakai, K1
Ruggiero, A1
Giordano, L1
Buffardi, G1
Lazzaro, P1
Viscidi, E1
Pinaud, M2
Lelausque, JN2
Chetanneau, A2
Fauchoux, N2
Menegalli, D2
Souron, R2
Weinstabl, C1
Mayer, N1
Hammerle, AF1
Spiss, CK1
Wright, PJ1
Murray, RJ1
Hartung, HJ2
Mangez, JF1
Roux, P1
Menguy, E1
Alibert, F1
Winckler, C1

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Clinical Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Analgesia-first Minimal Sedation as an Early Antihypertensive Treatment for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage[NCT03207100]338 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-12-06Completed
Assessment of EEG Slow Wave Activity in Comatose Cardiac Arrest Survivors Under Propofol Anesthesia[NCT04506788]25 participants (Actual)Observational2015-06-15Completed
Assessment of EEG Changes During Induction of Propofol Anesthesia Using Wireless Measurement Devices[NCT03943745]50 participants (Anticipated)Observational2018-10-25Recruiting
Assessment of Hypoxic Brain Injury by Analyzing Propofol-induced EEG Changes[NCT03485781]102 participants (Actual)Observational2017-10-12Completed
the Research of Analgesia and Sedation Effect of Remifentanil on ICU Short Operation[NCT02635802]Phase 41,500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-31Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

11 reviews available for propofol and Brain Injuries

ArticleYear
The Impact of Sedative Choice on Intracranial and Systemic Physiology in Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.
    Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2023, Jul-01, Volume: 35, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Brain Injuries; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypno

2023
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of propofol with midazolam for sedation of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis.
    Journal of critical care, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Conscious Sedation; Drug Monitoring; Female

2014
Optimizing sedation in patients with acute brain injury.
    Critical care (London, England), 2016, May-05, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Deep Sedation; Humans; Hypnotics and Sed

2016
New insights in the systemic and molecular underpinnings of general anesthetic actions mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors.
    Current opinion in anaesthesiology, 2016, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, General; Brain Injuries; GABAergic Neurons; Hippocampus; Humans; I

2016
Update on the propofol infusion syndrome in ICU management of patients with head injury.
    Current opinion in anaesthesiology, 2008, Volume: 21, Issue:5

    Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; Dose-Response Rela

2008
Propofol infusion syndrome: update of clinical manifestation and pathophysiology.
    Minerva anestesiologica, 2009, Volume: 75, Issue:5

    Topics: Acidosis; Acute Disease; Adult; Age Factors; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Bradycardia; Brain I

2009
Traumatic brain injury: neuroprotective anaesthetic techniques, an update.
    Injury, 2009, Volume: 40 Suppl 4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Injuries; Cell Death; Central Nervous System Depressants; Craniocerebral Tr

2009
Sedation for critically ill adults with severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
    Critical care medicine, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Benzodiazepines; Brain Injuries; Etomidate; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedativ

2011
Too much of a good thing? Tracing the history of the propofol infusion syndrome.
    The Journal of trauma, 2007, Volume: 63, Issue:2

    Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Anuria; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; D

2007
Neuroprotective effects of propofol in acute cerebral injury.
    CNS drug reviews, 2007,Fall, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Propofol

2007
Pharmacological interventions for agitation in head-injured patients in the acute care setting.
    The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule

1995

Trials

14 trials available for propofol and Brain Injuries

ArticleYear
[Effects of dexmedetomidine on sedation and β-endorphin in traumatic brain injury: a comparative study with propofol].
    Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; beta-Endorphin; Blood Pressure; Brain Injuries; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Humans; Hypnotics an

2013
Levels of F2-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, and total nitrate/nitrite in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with traumatic brain injury.
    Free radical research, 2015, Volume: 49, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Biomarkers; Brain Injuries; Chromatography, Gas;

2015
Effect of propofol on breathing stability in adult ICU patients with brain damage.
    Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 2010, May-31, Volume: 171, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedati

2010
Cerebral microdialysis effects of propofol versus midazolam in severe traumatic brain injury.
    Journal of neurotrauma, 2012, Apr-10, Volume: 29, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Brain Chemistry; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid;

2012
A pilot study of cerebral and haemodynamic physiological changes during sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol in patients with acute brain injury.
    Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:6

    Topics: Body Temperature; Brain Injuries; Consciousness Monitors; Cross-Over Studies; Dexmedetomidine; Glasg

2012
The effects of large-dose propofol on cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation in head-injured patients.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 97, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Hom

2003
Safety and efficacy of analgesia-based sedation with remifentanil versus standard hypnotic-based regimens in intensive care unit patients with brain injuries: a randomised, controlled trial [ISRCTN50308308].
    Critical care (London, England), 2004, Volume: 8, Issue:4

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Brain Injuries; Drug Monitoring;

2004
Fuzzy logic control for intracranial pressure via continuous propofol sedation in a neurosurgical intensive care unit.
    Medical engineering & physics, 2006, Volume: 28, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Biomedical Engineering; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; F

2006
Effects of propofol vs methohexital on neutrophil function and immune status in critically ill patients.
    Journal of anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antigens, CD; Biomarkers; Brain Injuries; Conscious Sedation;

2006
Multicenter evaluation of propofol for head-injured patients in Taiwan.
    Surgical neurology, 2006, Volume: 66 Suppl 2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Child; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Hypnotics and Se

2006
Gastric emptying following brain injury: effects of choice of sedation and intracranial pressure.
    Intensive care medicine, 1995, Volume: 21, Issue:7

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Brain Injuries; Conscious Sedation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastric

1995
Continuous monitoring of jugular bulb oxygen saturation and the effect of drugs acting on cerebral metabolism.
    Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 59

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship,

1993
Propofol sedation in severe head injury fails to control high ICP, but reduces brain metabolism.
    Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum, 1994, Volume: 60

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Child; Conscious Sedation; Energy Metabolism;

1994
Ketamine decreases intracranial pressure and electroencephalographic activity in traumatic brain injury patients during propofol sedation.
    Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 87, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Elec

1997

Other Studies

56 other studies available for propofol and Brain Injuries

ArticleYear
Brain Responses to Propofol in Advance of Recovery from Coma and Disorders of Consciousness: A Preliminary Study.
    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2022, 01-15, Volume: 205, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Brain Injuries; Coma; Consciousness; Consciousn

2022
Propofol weakens hypoxia-aroused apoptosis and autophagy via elevating microRNA-137 in neurocytes.
    Experimental and molecular pathology, 2020, Volume: 112

    Topics: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Brain; Brain Injuries; Humans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; MicroRNAs; Phospha

2020
Effects of Norepinephrine, Propofol, and Hemoglobin Concentration on Dynamic Measurements of Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Acute Brain Injury.
    Journal of neurotrauma, 2021, 02-15, Volume: 38, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis;

2021
Propofol Attenuates Inflammatory Damage via Inhibiting NLRP1-Casp1-Casp6 Signaling in Ischemic Brain Injury.
    Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2020, Volume: 43, Issue:10

    Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Brain Injuries; Caspas

2020
Potential EEG biomarkers of sedation doses in intensive care patients unveiled by using a machine learning approach.
    Journal of neural engineering, 2019, Volume: 16, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Cohort Studies; Critical Care; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencep

2019
Potential role of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling pathway in hypoxic preconditioning and effect on propofol‑induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.
    Molecular medicine reports, 2019, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Brain Injuries; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Bindin

2019
Propofol administration modulates AQP-4 expression and brain edema after traumatic brain injury.
    Cell biochemistry and biophysics, 2013, Volume: 67, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 4; Astrocytes; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Activation; G

2013
Neural and immune consequences of traumatic brain injury: does propofol reduce the impact?
    Anesthesiology, 2013, Volume: 119, Issue:6

    Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Brain Injuries; Macrophage Activation; Male; Microglia; NADPH Oxi

2013
Propofol limits microglial activation after experimental brain trauma through inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.
    Anesthesiology, 2013, Volume: 119, Issue:6

    Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Brain Injuries; Cell Count; Cell Line; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition

2013
Propofol impairs neurogenesis and neurologic recovery and increases mortality rate in adult rats after traumatic brain injury.
    Critical care medicine, 2014, Volume: 42, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cognition; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypnotics and Sedatives

2014
Are we offtrack using propofol for sedation after traumatic brain injury?
    Critical care medicine, 2014, Volume: 42, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Neurogenesis; Propofol

2014
Intracranial pressure response after pharmacologic treatment of intracranial hypertension.
    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2014, Volume: 77, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Critical Care; Documentation; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedativ

2014
Pharmacologic Treatment Reduces Pressure Times Time Dose and Relative Duration of Intracranial Hypertension.
    Journal of intensive care medicine, 2016, Volume: 31, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Barbiturates; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hyp

2016
Propofol ameliorates calpain-induced collapsin response mediator protein-2 proteolysis in traumatic brain injury in rats.
    Chinese medical journal, 2015, Apr-05, Volume: 128, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain Injuries; Calpain; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins;

2015
Posttraumatic Propofol Neurotoxicity Is Mediated via the Pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Pathway in Adult Mice.
    Critical care medicine, 2016, Volume: 44, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Injuries; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Caspase 3; Cell Death; G

2016
Propofol Pretreatment Fails to Provide Neuroprotection Following a Surgically Induced Brain Injury Rat Model.
    Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2016, Volume: 121

    Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Disease Mod

2016
Neurotoxic Properties of Propofol Sedation Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
    Critical care medicine, 2016, Volume: 44, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Propofol; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor

2016
[Brain damage after general anesthesia].
    Medicina clinica, 2016, May-06, Volume: 146, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Biomarkers; Brai

2016
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Pilot Study of Propofol-induced Slow Waves as a Pharmacologic Test for Brain Dysfunction after Brain Injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Brain Injuries; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans;

2017
Sedation of Patients With Disorders of Consciousness During Neuroimaging: Effects on Resting State Functional Brain Connectivity.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2017, Volume: 124, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex; Conscious Sedation; Consciousness

2017
[Influence of propofol on brain tissue oxygenation in traumatic brain injury patients under different modes of ventilation].
    Zhongguo wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue = Chinese critical care medicine = Zhongguo weizhongbing jijiuyixue, 2008, Volume: 20, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Propofol; Respiration, Arti

2008
Monitoring biochemical parameters as an early sign of propofol infusion syndrome: false feeling of security.
    Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2009, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain Injuries; Drug Monitoring; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Male;

2009
Propofol: neuroprotection in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury.
    Critical care (London, England), 2009, Volume: 13, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypnotics and Sed

2009
Effects of the neurological wake-up test on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in brain-injured patients.
    Neurocritical care, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; Female; Humans; Hypnot

2009
Propofol infusion syndrome with arrhythmia, myocardial fat accumulation and cardiac failure.
    The American journal of cardiology, 2009, Oct-15, Volume: 104, Issue:8

    Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; He

2009
Propofol's effects on phagocytosis, proliferation, nitrate production, and cytokine secretion in pressure-stimulated microglial cells.
    Surgery, 2011, Volume: 150, Issue:5

    Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Biological Assay; Brain Injuries; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cytokines; Hum

2011
Effect of continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage on therapeutic intensity in severe traumatic brain injury.
    Neuro-Chirurgie, 2012, Volume: 58, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain Injuries; Central Nervous System Infections; Cere

2012
Propofol infusion syndrome heralded by ECG changes.
    Neurocritical care, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Acidosis; Brain Injuries; Electrocardiography; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Intracranial Hyperte

2012
Metabolic suppressive therapy as a treatment for intracranial hypertension--why it works and when it fails.
    Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2002, Volume: 81

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Biomarkers; Brain Injuries; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; In

2002
Tolerability of bolus versus continuous gastric feeding in brain-injured patients.
    Neurological research, 2002, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer

2002
Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children, and adolescents. Chapter 9. Use of sedation and neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury.
    Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2003, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Suppl

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Analgesics; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Contraindications; C

2003
[The influences of propofol on different kinds of brain injuries in rat brain slices].
    Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2003, Jul-10, Volume: 83, Issue:13

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Free Radical Scav

2003
Hyperventilation.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Hyperventilation; Hypnotics and Sedatives; In

2003
Comparison of seven anesthetic agents on outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury in adult, male rats.
    Journal of neurotrauma, 2006, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cell Survival; Cognition Disorders; Diazepam; Disease M

2006
Survival of propofol infusion syndrome in a head-injured patient.
    Critical care medicine, 2006, Volume: 34, Issue:9

    Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain Injuries; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans

2006
The effect of electroencephalogram-targeted high- and low-dose propofol infusion on histopathological damage after traumatic brain injury in the rat.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2006, Volume: 103, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Injuries; Caspase 3; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalography;

2006
Propofol infusion syndrome: a case of increasing morbidity with traumatic brain injury.
    American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Acidosis; Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain Injuries; Fatal Outcome;

2007
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric assay for propofol in cerebrospinal fluid of traumatic brain patients.
    Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2007, Jun-01, Volume: 852, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain Injuries; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; H

2007
Effect of propofol on mucous permeability and inflammatory mediators expression in the intestine following traumatic brain injury in rats.
    Cytokine, 2007, Volume: 40, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endotoxins; Gene Expression Regulation; H

2007
Clinical use of xenon in 2 elderly patients.
    Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2008, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Androstanols; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Biomarke

2008
Massive ketonuria during sedation with propofol in a 12 year old girl with severe head trauma.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1994, Volume: 45, Issue:1

    Topics: Brain Injuries; Calorimetry; Child; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Ketone

1994
Early assessment of neurologic deficits in the fluid percussion model of brain injury.
    Journal of neurotrauma, 1993,Summer, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blood Pressure; Brain Injuries; Brain Stem; Cats; Cerebral He

1993
Neuroprotection by propofol in acute mechanical injury: role of GABAergic inhibition.
    Journal of neurophysiology, 1996, Volume: 76, Issue:4

    Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Brain Injuries; Dendrites; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

1996
Influence of anesthesia protocol in experimental traumatic brain injury.
    Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Brain Injuries; Chloral Hydrate; Halothane; Hand Strength; Male; Mice; Motor Ac

2000
Long-term propofol infusion and cardiac failure in adult head-injured patients.
    Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jan-13, Volume: 357, Issue:9250

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain Injuries; Heart Failure; Humans; Infusions, Intra

2001
Propofol use in head-injury patients.
    Lancet (London, England), 2001, May-26, Volume: 357, Issue:9269

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Cause of Death; Conscious Sedation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart F

2001
Propofol versus isoflurane anesthesia under hypothermic conditions: effects on intracranial pressure and local cerebral blood flow after diffuse traumatic brain injury in the rat.
    Surgical neurology, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Body

2001
[Efficacy of propofol in controlling myoclonus during rewarming in a brain hypothermia patient].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Infusions, Intravenous; Inject

2002
[Post-heparin lipolytic activity in cranial trauma patients subjected to sedation with propofol].
    Minerva anestesiologica, 1991, Volume: 57, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Cell Count; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Heparin; Humans; Macrophages; Propofo

1991
[Effects of Diprivan on cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure and cerebral metabolism in head injured patients].
    Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1991, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glasgow Coma Scale; Hemodynam

1991
Effects of propofol on cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in patients with brain trauma.
    Anesthesiology, 1990, Volume: 73, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Anesthetics; Brain Injuries; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hemodynamics; Humans

1990
[The effects of propofol bolus administration on the intracranial pressure in craniocerebral trauma].
    Der Anaesthesist, 1990, Volume: 39, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Middle Aged; Propofol

1990
Penetrating craniocerebral airgun injury. Anaesthetic management with propofol infusion and review of recent reports.
    Anaesthesia, 1989, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Brain Injuries; Humans; Male; Phenols; Propofol; R

1989
[Modification of intracranial pressure by propofol (Disoprivan). Initial results].
    Der Anaesthesist, 1987, Volume: 36, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Intracranial

1987
[Intracranial pressure in patients with craniocerebral trauma after administration of propofol and thiopental].
    Der Anaesthesist, 1987, Volume: 36, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovasc

1987
[Propofol and methohexitone: comparative effects on cerebral perfusion pressure].
    Minerva anestesiologica, 1987, Volume: 53, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Anesthetics; Blood Pressure; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Humans; Int

1987