procaine has been researched along with Encephalopathy, Toxic in 7 studies
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).
procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Chloroprocaine has been demonstrated to be associated with a lower risk of transient neurologic symptoms compared with lidocaine." | 2.50 | Spinal anesthesia revisited: toxicity of new and old drugs and compounds. ( Hampl, K; Steinfeldt, T; Wulf, H, 2014) |
| " Current results cannot be extrapolated to repeated dosing or prolonged infusion." | 1.72 | Evaluation of neurotoxicity and long-term function and behavior following intrathecal 1 % 2-chloroprocaine in juvenile rats. ( Eddinger, K; Grafe, MR; Malkmus, S; Powell, SB; Roberts, AJ; Shubayev, VI; Steinauer, J; Walker, SM; Yaksh, TL, 2022) |
| " Although lidocaine is more toxic than bupivacaine and ropivacaine, mepivacaine, which has a similar pharmacological effect to lidocaine, has the least-adverse effects on cone growth among clinically used local anesthetics." | 1.32 | Procaine and mepivacaine have less toxicity in vitro than other clinically used local anesthetics. ( Kasaba, T; Onizuka, S; Takasaki, M, 2003) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (14.29) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 2 (28.57) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3 (42.86) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (14.29) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Walker, SM | 1 |
| Malkmus, S | 1 |
| Eddinger, K | 1 |
| Steinauer, J | 1 |
| Roberts, AJ | 1 |
| Shubayev, VI | 1 |
| Grafe, MR | 1 |
| Powell, SB | 1 |
| Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Hampl, K | 1 |
| Steinfeldt, T | 1 |
| Wulf, H | 1 |
| Hung, CH | 1 |
| Liu, KS | 1 |
| Shao, DZ | 1 |
| Cheng, KI | 1 |
| Chen, YC | 1 |
| Chen, YW | 1 |
| Takenami, T | 1 |
| Wang, G | 1 |
| Nara, Y | 1 |
| Fukushima, S | 1 |
| Yagishita, S | 1 |
| Hiruma, H | 1 |
| Kawakami, T | 1 |
| Okamoto, H | 1 |
| Kasaba, T | 1 |
| Onizuka, S | 1 |
| Takasaki, M | 1 |
| FAENZI, C | 1 |
| Taniguchi, M | 1 |
| Bollen, AW | 1 |
| Drasner, K | 1 |
1 review available for procaine and Encephalopathy, Toxic
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Spinal anesthesia revisited: toxicity of new and old drugs and compounds.
Topics: Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Humans; Levobupivacaine; Lidocaine; Neurotoxici | 2014 |
6 other studies available for procaine and Encephalopathy, Toxic
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Evaluation of neurotoxicity and long-term function and behavior following intrathecal 1 % 2-chloroprocaine in juvenile rats.
Topics: Animals; Caspase 3; Cauda Equina; Female; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morris Water Maze Test; Motor Ac | 2022 |
The systemic toxicity of equipotent proxymetacaine, oxybuprocaine, and bupivacaine during continuous intravenous infusion in rats.
Topics: Analgesia; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemodynamics; | 2010 |
Intrathecally administered ropivacaine is less neurotoxic than procaine, bupivacaine, and levobupivacaine in a rat spinal model.
Topics: Amides; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Axons; Behavior, Animal; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationshi | 2012 |
Procaine and mepivacaine have less toxicity in vitro than other clinically used local anesthetics.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Growth Cones; Lymnaea; Mepivacaine; Neurites; Neurons; Neurotoxicity Sy | 2003 |
[Effect of the inactivation of esterase on the neurotoxicity and DL-50 of procaine in mice].
Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Esterases; Mice; Nervous System; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Procai | 1962 |
Sodium bisulfite: scapegoat for chloroprocaine neurotoxicity?
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Injections, Spinal; Male; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Pain Measurement; Pe | 2004 |