primaquine and Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase studies

Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)
primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The World Health Organization recommends that primaquine should be given once weekly for 8-weeks to patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, but data on its antirelapse efficacy and safety are limited."	9.69	Weekly primaquine for radical cure of patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. ( Assefa, A; Baird, JK; Bancone, G; Chand, K; Chau, NH; Day, NP; Degaga, TS; Dhorda, M; Dondorp, A; Ekawati, LL; Hailu, A; Hasanzai, MA; Ley, B; Meagher, N; Naddim, MN; Pasaribu, AP; Price, RN; Rahim, AG; Satyagraha, A; Simpson, JA; Sutanto, I; Taylor, WRJ; Thanh, NV; Thriemer, K; Tuyet-Trinh, NT; von Seidlein, L; Waithira, N; White, NJ; Woyessa, A, 2023)
"Single low-dose primaquine (SLDPQ) effectively blocks the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but anxiety remains regarding its haemolytic potential in patients with glucose-6-phopshate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency."	9.69	Factors affecting haemoglobin dynamics in African children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with single low-dose primaquine or placebo. ( Bamisaiye, A; Basara, BB; Baseke, J; Day, NPJ; Fanello, C; Kayembe, DK; Maitland, K; Muhindo, R; Mukaka, M; Namayanja, C; Ndjowo, PO; Okalebo, CB; Olupot-Olupot, P; Onyamboko, MA; Onyas, P; Taya, C; Taylor, WRJ; Titin, H; Uyoga, S; Were, W; Williams, TN, 2023)
"Tafenoquine, a single-dose therapy for Plasmodium vivax malaria, has been associated with relapse prevention through the clearance of P."	9.30	Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. ( Angus, B; Aruachan, S; Bancone, G; Breton, JJ; Brito, MAM; Casapía, M; Chu, CS; Chuquiyauri, R; Clover, DD; Costa, MRF; Craig, G; Duparc, S; Green, JA; Hardaker, E; Hien, TT; Jones, SW; Kendall, L; Koh, GCKW; Lacerda, MVG; Llanos-Cuentas, A; Mohamed, K; Monteiro, WM; Namaik-Larp, C; Nguyen, CH; Nosten, FH; Papwijitsil, R; Rousell, VM; Val, F; Vélez, ID; Villegas, MF; Wilches, VM, 2019)
"Primaquine is the only available antimalarial drug that kills dormant liver stages of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale malarias and therefore prevents their relapse ('radical cure')."	8.98	Use of primaquine and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency testing: Divergent policies and practices in malaria endemic countries. ( Ashley, EA; Recht, J; White, NJ, 2018)
"Primaquine is essential for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria, but it poses a potential danger of severe hemolysis in G6PD-deficient (G6PDd) patients."	8.31	Risk of hemolysis in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients receiving standard primaquine treatment in a population with high prevalence of G6PD deficiency. ( Cui, L; Kim, K; Lakshmi, S; Liu, H; Malla, P; Menezes, L; Wang, C; Yang, Z; Zeng, W, 2023)
"Primaquine prevents relapses of Plasmodium vivax malaria but can cause severe hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency."	8.31	Primaquine-induced Severe Hemolysis in the Absence of Concomitant Malaria: Effects on G6PD Activity and Renal Function. ( Anstey, NM; Douglas, NM; Ley, B; Piera, KA; Price, RN; Rumaseb, A, 2023)
"Primaquine (PQ) kills Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites but can cause severe hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency."	8.31	Severe Hemolysis during Primaquine Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Two Systematic Reviews and Individual Patient Data Descriptive Analyses. ( Brito-Sousa, JD; Chu, C; Commons, RJ; Douglas, NM; Groves, ES; Lacerda, MVG; Monteiro, WM; Price, RN; Thriemer, K; Yilma, D, 2023)
"Plasmodium vivax malaria elimination requires radical cure with chloroquine/primaquine."	8.12	Active Pharmacovigilance for Primaquine Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Odisha, India. ( Ahmed, N; Anvikar, AR; Duparc, S; Grewal Daumerie, P; Pradhan, MM; Pradhan, S; Sahu, P; Sharma, S; Valecha, N; Yadav, CP, 2022)
"Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (G6PDd) are at risk for developing hemolytic anemia when given the antimalarial drug primaquine (PQ)."	7.83	Single-Dose Primaquine in a Preclinical Model of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Implications for Use in Malaria Transmission-Blocking Programs. ( Baresel, PC; Campo, B; Marcsisin, SR; Reichard, GA; Rochford, R; Sousa, J; Tekwani, BL; Vuong, CT; Walker, LA; Wickham, KS, 2016)
"Primaquine phosphate has been used to prevent relapse as a radical cure after the acute-phase treatment of vivax and ovale malaria however."	7.79	[Clinical experience of primaquine use for treatment of vivax and ovale malaria in Japanese travelers]. ( Kanagawa, S; Kano, S; Kato, Y; Kobayashi, T; Mizuno, Y; Ohmagari, N; Takeshita, N; Ujiie, M; Yamauchi, Y, 2013)
"After sixty years of continuous use, primaquine remains the only therapy licensed for arresting transmission and relapse of malaria."	7.78	Reinventing primaquine for endemic malaria. ( Baird, JK, 2012)
"Millions of people receive primaquine against sexual plasmodia responsible for malaria transmission."	7.77	Consideration of ethics in primaquine therapy against malaria transmission. ( Baird, JK; Surjadjaja, C, 2011)
"The costs of mefloquine, chloroquine, doxycycline, primaquine, and atovaquone/proguanil are calculated for various durations of exposure to malaria."	7.73	Cost considerations of malaria chemoprophylaxis including use of primaquine for primary or terminal chemoprophylaxis. ( Bryan, JP, 2006)
"Tafenoquine (TQ) is a new alternative to PQ with a longer half-life and can be used as a single-dose treatment."	6.66	Tafenoquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria. ( Fernando, D; Rajapakse, S; Rodrigo, C, 2020)
"Primaquine has the potential to reduce malaria-related anaemia at day 42 and beyond by preventing recurrent parasitaemia."	6.61	The haematological consequences of Plasmodium vivax malaria after chloroquine treatment with and without primaquine: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. ( Abreha, T; Alemu, SG; Añez, A; Anstey, NM; Aseffa, A; Assefa, A; Awab, GR; Baird, JK; Barber, BE; Borghini-Fuhrer, I; Chu, CS; Commons, RJ; D'Alessandro, U; Dahal, P; Daher, A; de Vries, PJ; Douglas, NM; Erhart, A; Gomes, MSM; Grigg, MJ; Guerin, PJ; Hien, TT; Hwang, J; Kager, PA; Ketema, T; Khan, WA; Lacerda, MVG; Leslie, T; Ley, B; Lidia, K; Monteiro, WM; Nosten, F; Pereira, DB; Phan, GT; Phyo, AP; Price, RN; Rowland, M; Saravu, K; Sibley, CH; Simpson, JA; Siqueira, AM; Stepniewska, K; Taylor, WRJ; Thriemer, K; Thwaites, G; Tran, BQ; Vieira, JLF; Wangchuk, S; Watson, J; White, NJ; William, T; Woodrow, CJ, 2019)
"Tafenoquine is a new alternative with a longer half-life."	6.52	Tafenoquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria. ( Fernando, SD; Rajapakse, S; Rodrigo, C, 2015)
"Primaquine was licenced for anti-relapse therapy in 1952 and became available despite threatening patients having an inborn deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) with acute haemolytic anaemia."	6.52	Origins and implications of neglect of G6PD deficiency and primaquine toxicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria. ( Baird, K, 2015)
"Malaria is a major cause of death in low-income countries."	5.72	Effects of Host Genetic Polymorphisms on the Efficacy of the Radical Cure Malaria Drug Primaquine. ( Mohan, M; Nain, M; Sharma, A, 2022)
"Single low-dose primaquine (SLDPQ) effectively blocks the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but anxiety remains regarding its haemolytic potential in patients with glucose-6-phopshate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency."	5.69	Factors affecting haemoglobin dynamics in African children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with single low-dose primaquine or placebo. ( Bamisaiye, A; Basara, BB; Baseke, J; Day, NPJ; Fanello, C; Kayembe, DK; Maitland, K; Muhindo, R; Mukaka, M; Namayanja, C; Ndjowo, PO; Okalebo, CB; Olupot-Olupot, P; Onyamboko, MA; Onyas, P; Taya, C; Taylor, WRJ; Titin, H; Uyoga, S; Were, W; Williams, TN, 2023)
"The World Health Organization recommends that primaquine should be given once weekly for 8-weeks to patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, but data on its antirelapse efficacy and safety are limited."	5.69	Weekly primaquine for radical cure of patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. ( Assefa, A; Baird, JK; Bancone, G; Chand, K; Chau, NH; Day, NP; Degaga, TS; Dhorda, M; Dondorp, A; Ekawati, LL; Hailu, A; Hasanzai, MA; Ley, B; Meagher, N; Naddim, MN; Pasaribu, AP; Price, RN; Rahim, AG; Satyagraha, A; Simpson, JA; Sutanto, I; Taylor, WRJ; Thanh, NV; Thriemer, K; Tuyet-Trinh, NT; von Seidlein, L; Waithira, N; White, NJ; Woyessa, A, 2023)
" We modelled an anthropometric database of 661,979 African individuals aged ≥6 months (549,127 healthy individuals, 28,466 malaria patients and 84,386 individuals with other infections/illnesses) by the Box-Cox transformation power exponential and tested PQ doses of 1-15 mg base, selecting dosing groups based on calculated mg/kg PQ doses."	5.48	Single low-dose primaquine for blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria - a proposed model-derived age-based regimen for sub-Saharan Africa. ( Achan, J; Affara, M; Amambua, AN; Aseffa, A; Barnes, KI; Bejon, P; Berkley, JA; Brasseur, P; D'Alessandro, U; Day, NP; Diakite, M; Dorsey, G; Fairhurst, RM; Fanello, C; Gadisa, E; Henry, MC; John, C; Jones, J; Kapulu, M; Kremsner, P; Lasry, E; Loolpapit, M; Lutumba, P; Maitland, K; Malenga, G; Matangila, J; Mavoko, M; Molyneux, M; Mukaka, M; Naw, HK; Nwakanma, D; Obonyo, C; Okebe, J; Onyamboko, M; Piola, P; Randremanana, R; Rwagacondo, C; Schramm, B; Sirima, SB; Taylor, WR; van Geertruyden, JP; White, NJ; Williams, TN; Yah, Z, 2018)
"Tafenoquine, a single-dose therapy for Plasmodium vivax malaria, has been associated with relapse prevention through the clearance of P."	5.30	Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. ( Angus, B; Aruachan, S; Bancone, G; Breton, JJ; Brito, MAM; Casapía, M; Chu, CS; Chuquiyauri, R; Clover, DD; Costa, MRF; Craig, G; Duparc, S; Green, JA; Hardaker, E; Hien, TT; Jones, SW; Kendall, L; Koh, GCKW; Lacerda, MVG; Llanos-Cuentas, A; Mohamed, K; Monteiro, WM; Namaik-Larp, C; Nguyen, CH; Nosten, FH; Papwijitsil, R; Rousell, VM; Val, F; Vélez, ID; Villegas, MF; Wilches, VM, 2019)
"A rapid single-step screening method for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6 PD) deficiency was evaluated on Halmahera Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia, and in Shan and Mon States, Myanmar, in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria by an acridine orange staining method."	5.09	Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria. ( Basuki, S; Dachlan, YP; Horie, T; Htay, HH; Ishii, A; Iwai, K; Kawamoto, F; Kojima, S; Lin, K; Marwoto, H; Matsuoka, H; Tantular, IS; Wongsrichanalai, C, 1999)
"To reduce the risk of drug-induced haemolysis, all patients should be tested for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (G6PDd) prior to prescribing primaquine (PQ)-based radical cure for the treatment of vivax malaria."	5.01	Performance of the Access Bio/CareStart rapid diagnostic test for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bancone, G; Douglas, NM; Espino, F; Henriques, G; Karahalios, A; Ley, B; Menard, D; Oo, NN; Parikh, S; Pfeffer, DA; Price, RN; Rahmat, H; von Fricken, ME; von Seidlein, L; Winasti Satyagraha, A, 2019)
"Primaquine is the only available antimalarial drug that kills dormant liver stages of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale malarias and therefore prevents their relapse ('radical cure')."	4.98	Use of primaquine and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency testing: Divergent policies and practices in malaria endemic countries. ( Ashley, EA; Recht, J; White, NJ, 2018)
"This paper reports on 2 hemolytic serious reactions in 2 Arabian patients because of the use of primaquine as presumptive antimalarial treatment given in Cuba to all travellers from countries where malaria is endemic."	4.79	[Primaquine and travelers from the Arab world. A report and recommendations]. ( Caña Lugo, C; Fernández Núñez, A; Menéndez Capote, R, 1995)
"Primaquine is essential for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria, but it poses a potential danger of severe hemolysis in G6PD-deficient (G6PDd) patients."	4.31	Risk of hemolysis in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients receiving standard primaquine treatment in a population with high prevalence of G6PD deficiency. ( Cui, L; Kim, K; Lakshmi, S; Liu, H; Malla, P; Menezes, L; Wang, C; Yang, Z; Zeng, W, 2023)
"Primaquine prevents relapses of Plasmodium vivax malaria but can cause severe hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency."	4.31	Primaquine-induced Severe Hemolysis in the Absence of Concomitant Malaria: Effects on G6PD Activity and Renal Function. ( Anstey, NM; Douglas, NM; Ley, B; Piera, KA; Price, RN; Rumaseb, A, 2023)
"8-Aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs (primaquine, tafenoquine) are required for complete cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria, but they are contraindicated in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency."	4.31	Performance of a Commercial Multiplex Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Kit to Genotype African-Type Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. ( Basco, L; Briolant, S; Djigo, OKM; Gomez, N; Ould Ahmedou Salem, MS; Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary, A, 2023)
"Primaquine (PQ) kills Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites but can cause severe hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency."	4.31	Severe Hemolysis during Primaquine Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Two Systematic Reviews and Individual Patient Data Descriptive Analyses. ( Brito-Sousa, JD; Chu, C; Commons, RJ; Douglas, NM; Groves, ES; Lacerda, MVG; Monteiro, WM; Price, RN; Thriemer, K; Yilma, D, 2023)
"v infection by Village Malaria Workers (VMWs) were referred to local health centres for point-of-care G6PD testing and initiation of radical cure treatment with 14-day or 8-week primaquine regimens depending on G6PD status."	4.12	G6PD testing and radical cure for Plasmodium vivax in Cambodia: A mixed methods implementation study. ( Ir, P; Kak, N; Kheang, ST; Lek, D; Ngeth, E; Ngor, P; Phon, S; Ridley, R; Sovannaroth, S; Yeung, S, 2022)
"Plasmodium vivax malaria elimination requires radical cure with chloroquine/primaquine."	4.12	Active Pharmacovigilance for Primaquine Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Odisha, India. ( Ahmed, N; Anvikar, AR; Duparc, S; Grewal Daumerie, P; Pradhan, MM; Pradhan, S; Sahu, P; Sharma, S; Valecha, N; Yadav, CP, 2022)
" Therefore, malaria patient treatment using primaquine should be monitored closely for any adverse effects."	4.12	Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and distribution of its genetic variants among malaria-suspected patients visiting Metehara health centre, Eastern Ethiopia. ( Adamu, A; Feleke, SM; Gebremichael, SG; Gidey, B; Hailu, A; Kebede, T; Kepple, D; Lo, E; Nega, D; Negash, MT; Shenkutie, TT; Tasew, G; Witherspoon, L, 2022)
" Primaquine in particular is known to cause methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia."	4.02	Primaquine overdose in a toddler. ( Pomeranz, E; Ponce, DM; Schaeffer, W; Visclosky, T, 2021)
"Primaquine is an approved radical cure treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria but treatment can result in life-threatening hemolysis if given to a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) patient."	3.96	Evaluation of the CareStart™ glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) rapid diagnostic test in the field settings and assessment of perceived risk from primaquine at the community level in Cambodia. ( Boonchan, T; Buathong, N; Chann, S; Dao, V; Feldman, M; Fukuda, MM; Gosi, P; Hom, S; Huy, R; Ittiverakul, M; Kong, N; Kuntawunginn, W; Lek, D; Lon, C; Ly, S; Nou, S; Oung, P; Pheap, V; Sea, D; Smith, P; Sok, C; Sok, S; Spring, M; Sriwichai, S; Thay, K; Uthaimongkol, N; Wojnarski, B; Wojnarski, M, 2020)
" Treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria with primaquine poses a potential risk of mild to severe acute haemolytic anaemia in G6PD deficient people."	3.91	Prevalence and distribution of G6PD deficiency: implication for the use of primaquine in malaria treatment in Ethiopia. ( Koepfli, C; Lee, MC; Lo, E; Pestana, K; Raya, B; Yan, G; Yewhalaw, D; Zhong, D, 2019)
"Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (G6PDd) are at risk for developing hemolytic anemia when given the antimalarial drug primaquine (PQ)."	3.83	Single-Dose Primaquine in a Preclinical Model of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Implications for Use in Malaria Transmission-Blocking Programs. ( Baresel, PC; Campo, B; Marcsisin, SR; Reichard, GA; Rochford, R; Sousa, J; Tekwani, BL; Vuong, CT; Walker, LA; Wickham, KS, 2016)
" Primaquine (PQ) is a widely used anti-malarial drug that can trigger haemolysis in individuals with G6PDd."	3.83	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency prevalence and genetic variants in malaria endemic areas of Colombia. ( Arce-Plata, MI; Arévalo-Herrera, M; Ocampo, ID; Recht, J; Valencia, SH, 2016)
"Safe treatment of Plasmodium vivax requires diagnosis of both the infection and status of erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity because hypnozoitocidal therapy against relapse requires primaquine, which causes a mild to severe acute hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients."	3.81	G6PD deficiency at Sumba in Eastern Indonesia is prevalent, diverse and severe: implications for primaquine therapy against relapsing Vivax malaria. ( Baird, JK; Baramuli, V; Coutrier, FN; Elvira, R; Elyazar, I; Harahap, AR; Noviyanti, R; Ridenour, C; Sadhewa, A; Satyagraha, AW, 2015)
"A single dose or short course of primaquine given to people infected with malaria may reduce transmission of Plasmodium falciparum through its effects on gametocytes."	3.80	Safety of 8-aminoquinolines given to people with G6PD deficiency: protocol for systematic review of prospective studies. ( Clarke, A; Garner, P; Gelband, H; Graves, P; Saunders, R; Sinclair, D; Uthman, OA, 2014)
" This feature could be used as a screening tool for G6PD-deficient persons who are unable to use primaquine for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria."	3.80	High frequency of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Western brazilian Amazon. ( Alecrim, MG; Brito, MA; Costa, MR; Lacerda, MV; Monteiro, WM; Sampaio, VS; Santana, MS, 2014)
"Hematotoxicity in individuals genetically deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity is the major limitation of primaquine (PQ), the only antimalarial drug in clinical use for treatment of relapsing Plasmodium vivax malaria."	3.80	Scalable preparation and differential pharmacologic and toxicologic profiles of primaquine enantiomers. ( Baresel, P; Bartlett, MS; Fronczek, FR; Gettayacamin, M; Herath, HM; McChesney, JD; Melendez, V; Nanayakkara, NP; Ohrt, C; Reichard, GA; Rochford, R; Sahu, R; Tekwani, BL; Tungtaeng, A; van Gessel, Y; Walker, LA; Wickham, KS, 2014)
"Administering primaquine (PQ) to treat malaria patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can pose a serious risk of drug-induced hemolysis (DIH)."	3.80	Performance of the CareStart glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) rapid diagnostic test in Gressier, Haiti. ( Beau de Rochars, MV; Eaton, WT; Masse, R; Okech, BA; von Fricken, ME; Weppelmann, TA, 2014)
"Primaquine phosphate has been used to prevent relapse as a radical cure after the acute-phase treatment of vivax and ovale malaria however."	3.79	[Clinical experience of primaquine use for treatment of vivax and ovale malaria in Japanese travelers]. ( Kanagawa, S; Kano, S; Kato, Y; Kobayashi, T; Mizuno, Y; Ohmagari, N; Takeshita, N; Ujiie, M; Yamauchi, Y, 2013)
"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), an x-linked inherited enzymopathy, is a barrier to malaria control because primaquine cannot be readily applied for radical cure in individuals with the condition."	3.79	Prevalence and molecular basis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Afghan populations: implications for treatment policy in the region. ( Amanzai, O; Beg, MA; Jan, S; Leslie, T; Mohammad, N; Moiz, B; Nasir, A; Siddiqi, AM; Ur Rasheed, H; Vink, M, 2013)
"After sixty years of continuous use, primaquine remains the only therapy licensed for arresting transmission and relapse of malaria."	3.78	Reinventing primaquine for endemic malaria. ( Baird, JK, 2012)
"Primaquine is a key drug for malaria elimination."	3.78	G6PD deficiency prevalence and estimates of affected populations in malaria endemic countries: a geostatistical model-based map. ( Baird, JK; Battle, KE; Dewi, M; Gething, PW; Hay, SI; Hogg, MM; Howes, RE; Nyangiri, OA; Padilla, CD; Patil, AP; Piel, FB, 2012)
"Millions of people receive primaquine against sexual plasmodia responsible for malaria transmission."	3.77	Consideration of ethics in primaquine therapy against malaria transmission. ( Baird, JK; Surjadjaja, C, 2011)
"The costs of mefloquine, chloroquine, doxycycline, primaquine, and atovaquone/proguanil are calculated for various durations of exposure to malaria."	3.73	Cost considerations of malaria chemoprophylaxis including use of primaquine for primary or terminal chemoprophylaxis. ( Bryan, JP, 2006)
"8 patients with paludism diagnosis due to Plasmodium vivax and deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that should receive antipaludism radical treatment with primaquine were studied."	3.69	[Hemolysis and primaquine treatment. Preliminary report]. ( Díaz Pérez, L; Luzardo Suárez, C; Menéndez Capote, R, 1997)
" Affected individuals may suffer a severe hemolytic crisis when treated with primaquine, an antimalarial."	3.67	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Southeast Asian refugees entering the United States. ( Chin, W; Newman, J; Roberts, JM; Schwartz, IK, 1984)
" Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive single low-dose primaquine combined with either artemether-lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, dosed by bodyweight."	3.30	Safety of age-dosed, single low-dose primaquine in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency who are infected with Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, n ( Abongo, G; Basara, BB; Baseke, J; Bongo, GS; Day, NJP; Dhorda, M; Dondorp, AM; Fanello, C; Kayembe, DK; Maitland, K; Muhindo, R; Mukaka, M; Namayanja, C; Ndjowo, PO; Okalebo, CB; Olupot-Olupot, P; Onyamboko, MA; Onyas, P; Peerawaranun, P; Tarning, J; Taya, C; Taylor, WR; Titin, H; Uyoga, S; Waithira, N; Weere, W; Williams, TN, 2023)
"G6PD deficiency is an inherited X-linked enzymatic defect that affects an estimated 400 million people around the world with high frequencies (15-20%) in populations living in malarious areas."	2.82	Single Low Dose Primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) Does Not Cause Clinically Significant Haemolysis in G6PD Deficient Subjects. ( Bancone, G; Chowwiwat, N; Gornsawun, G; Kajeechiwa, L; Kiricharoen, NL; Ling, CL; Moo, PK; Moore, KA; Nosten, F; Nosten, S; Nyo, SN; Poodpanya, L; Rakthinthong, S; Somsakchaicharoen, R; Thinraow, S; Thwin, MM; White, NJ; Wiladphaingern, J, 2016)
"Tafenoquine (TQ) is a new alternative to PQ with a longer half-life and can be used as a single-dose treatment."	2.66	Tafenoquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria. ( Fernando, D; Rajapakse, S; Rodrigo, C, 2020)
"Primaquine has the potential to reduce malaria-related anaemia at day 42 and beyond by preventing recurrent parasitaemia."	2.61	The haematological consequences of Plasmodium vivax malaria after chloroquine treatment with and without primaquine: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. ( Abreha, T; Alemu, SG; Añez, A; Anstey, NM; Aseffa, A; Assefa, A; Awab, GR; Baird, JK; Barber, BE; Borghini-Fuhrer, I; Chu, CS; Commons, RJ; D'Alessandro, U; Dahal, P; Daher, A; de Vries, PJ; Douglas, NM; Erhart, A; Gomes, MSM; Grigg, MJ; Guerin, PJ; Hien, TT; Hwang, J; Kager, PA; Ketema, T; Khan, WA; Lacerda, MVG; Leslie, T; Ley, B; Lidia, K; Monteiro, WM; Nosten, F; Pereira, DB; Phan, GT; Phyo, AP; Price, RN; Rowland, M; Saravu, K; Sibley, CH; Simpson, JA; Siqueira, AM; Stepniewska, K; Taylor, WRJ; Thriemer, K; Thwaites, G; Tran, BQ; Vieira, JLF; Wangchuk, S; Watson, J; White, NJ; William, T; Woodrow, CJ, 2019)
" Another priority is exploring alternative 8-aminoquinoline dosing regimens that are practical and improve safety in G6PD deficient individuals."	2.58	Primaquine-induced haemolysis in females heterozygous for G6PD deficiency. ( Bancone, G; Chu, CS; Luzzatto, L; Nosten, F; White, NJ, 2018)
"Most individuals with G6PD deficiency are asymptomatic throughout life."	2.58	Review and drug therapy implications of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. ( Belfield, KD; Tichy, EM, 2018)
"Metformin has well known anti-malarial properties."	2.55	Malaria and diabetes. ( Aggarwal, S; Dutta, D; Kalra, S; Khandelwal, D; Singla, R, 2017)
"Tafenoquine is a new alternative with a longer half-life."	2.52	Tafenoquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria. ( Fernando, SD; Rajapakse, S; Rodrigo, C, 2015)
"Primaquine was licenced for anti-relapse therapy in 1952 and became available despite threatening patients having an inborn deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) with acute haemolytic anaemia."	2.52	Origins and implications of neglect of G6PD deficiency and primaquine toxicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria. ( Baird, K, 2015)
" All but one death followed multiple dosing to prevent vivax malaria relapse."	2.50	Primaquine: the risks and the benefits. ( Ashley, EA; Recht, J; White, NJ, 2014)
"Testing for G6PD deficiency is not widely available, and so whilst it is widely recommended, primaquine is often not prescribed."	2.50	Mass primaquine treatment to eliminate vivax malaria: lessons from the past. ( Ashley, EA; Baranova, AM; Kondrashin, A; Recht, J; Sergiev, VP; White, NJ, 2014)
"G6PD deficiency is a highly variable disorder, in terms of spatial heterogeneity in prevalence and molecular variants, as well as its interactions with P."	2.49	G6PD deficiency: global distribution, genetic variants and primaquine therapy. ( Baird, JK; Battle, KE; Hay, SI; Howes, RE; Satyagraha, AW, 2013)
"Screening for G6PD deficiency can inform disease management including malaria."	1.91	Clinical performance validation of the STANDARD G6PD test: A multi-country pooled analysis. ( Adissu, W; Alam, MS; Bancone, G; Bansil, P; Brito, M; Bryan, A; Chu, CS; Das, S; Domingo, GJ; Garbin, E; Gerth-Guyette, E; Hann, A; Kublin, J; Lacerda, MVG; Layton, M; Ley, B; Macedo, M; Monteiro, W; Mukherjee, SK; Murphy, SC; Myburg, J; Nosten, F; Pal, S; Pereira, D; Price, RN; Sharma, A; Talukdar, A; Yilma, D; Zobrist, S, 2023)
"The distribution of G6PD deficiency remains unknown while primaquine has been used for malaria treatment in Myanmar."	1.91	Prevalence and molecular analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Chin State, Myanmar. ( Aung, JM; Chung, DI; Dinzouna-Boutamba, SD; Goo, YK; Hong, Y; Lee, S; Moon, Z; Ring, Z; VanBik, D, 2023)
"G6PD deficiency was found among 13."	1.91	Factors hindering coverage of targeted mass treatment with primaquine in a malarious township of northern Myanmar in 2019-2020. ( Aung, PL; Cui, L; Kyaw, MP; Okanurak, K; Oo, TL; Parker, DM; Sattabongkot, J; Soe, MT; Soe, TN; Win, KM, 2023)
"According to our findings, testing G6PD deficiency and monitoring the potential PQ toxicity in patients who receive PQ are highly recommended."	1.72	Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency among Malaria Patients in Southern Thailand: 8 Years Retrospective Study. ( Buncherd, H; Khammanee, T; Sawangjaroen, N; Thanapongpichat, S; Tun, AW, 2022)
"Therefore, G6PD deficiency testing should precede hypnozoite elimination with 8-aminoquinoline."	1.72	An Evaluation of a New Quantitative Point-of Care Diagnostic to Measure Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity. ( Ahn, SK; Bahk, YY; Jeon, HJ; Lee, SK; Na, BK; Shin, HJ, 2022)
"Malaria is a major cause of death in low-income countries."	1.72	Effects of Host Genetic Polymorphisms on the Efficacy of the Radical Cure Malaria Drug Primaquine. ( Mohan, M; Nain, M; Sharma, A, 2022)
"Individuals with G6PD deficiency can experience hemolysis when exposed to primaquine."	1.62	Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Gametocytemia in a Pre-Elimination, Low Malaria Transmission Setting in Southern Zambia. ( Hamapumbu, H; Kobayashi, T; Kurani, S; Moss, WJ; Stevenson, JC; Thuma, PE, 2021)
" Most HCPs were unaware of G6PD deficiency and primaquine-related adverse effects."	1.62	Real-life implementation of a G6PD deficiency screening qualitative test into routine vivax malaria diagnostic units in the Brazilian Amazon (SAFEPRIM study). ( Arcanjo, AR; Baia-da-Silva, DC; Bancone, G; Barbosa, LRA; Bassat, Q; Batista, TSB; Brito, MAM; Brito-Sousa, JD; Domingo, GJ; Figueiredo, EFG; Lacerda, MVG; Marques, LLG; Melo, GC; Melo, MM; Mendes, MO; Monteiro, WM; Murta, F; Nakagawa, TH; Recht, J; Rodovalho, S; Sampaio, VS; Santos, APC; Santos, TC; Silva, EL; Silva-Neto, AV; Siqueira, AM; Souza, BKA; Vitor-Silva, S, 2021)
"The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was previously reported negligible in Korea."	1.62	A Profile of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants and Deficiency of Multicultural Families in Korea. ( Ahn, SK; Bahk, YY; Im, JH; Jang, W; Kan, H; Kim, M; Kim, TS; Kwon, J; Lee, J; Park, S; Yeom, JS, 2021)
"In the north, other G6PD deficiency variants might be more prevalent."	1.51	Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030. ( Araki, H; Brey, PT; Hongvanthong, B; Iwagami, M; Jimba, M; Kano, S; Keomalaphet, S; Khattignavong, P; Lorpachan, L; Ong, KIC; Pongvongsa, T; Prasayasith, P; Soundala, P; Xangsayalath, P, 2019)
"The frequency of G6PD deficiency alleles in males in the Kavango and Zambezi regions of northern Namibia constitute 3."	1.51	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency genotypes and allele frequencies in the Kavango and Zambezi regions of northern Namibia. ( Ababio, G; Aleksenko, L; Greco, B; Haiyambo, DH; Hatuikulipi, T; Ilunga, A; Misihairabgwi, J; Nangombe, R; Pernica, JM; Quaye, IK; Uusiku, P, 2019)
"Quantitative diagnostic tests for G6PD deficiency are complex and require sophisticated laboratories."	1.51	Addressing the gender-knowledge gap in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: challenges and opportunities. ( Advani, N; Cohen, J; Domingo, GJ; Kalnoky, M; Kelley, M; Parker, M; Rowley, E; Satyagraha, AW; Sibley, CH, 2019)
"Independent of G6PD deficiency, the current pregnancy and lactation restrictions will exclude ~13% of females from radical cure treatment."	1.48	Implications of current therapeutic restrictions for primaquine and tafenoquine in the radical cure of vivax malaria. ( Bancone, G; Chu, CS; Jittamala, P; Taylor, WRJ; Watson, J; White, NJ, 2018)
"No severe or moderate (cut-off 60%) G6PD deficiency was found in 206 volunteers."	1.48	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity measured by spectrophotometry and associated genetic variants from the Oromiya zone, Ethiopia. ( Abduselam, N; Berens-Riha, N; Brintrup, J; Götz, S; Kießling, N; Kohne, E; Mack, M; Pritsch, M; Wieser, A; Zeynudin, A, 2018)
" We modelled an anthropometric database of 661,979 African individuals aged ≥6 months (549,127 healthy individuals, 28,466 malaria patients and 84,386 individuals with other infections/illnesses) by the Box-Cox transformation power exponential and tested PQ doses of 1-15 mg base, selecting dosing groups based on calculated mg/kg PQ doses."	1.48	Single low-dose primaquine for blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria - a proposed model-derived age-based regimen for sub-Saharan Africa. ( Achan, J; Affara, M; Amambua, AN; Aseffa, A; Barnes, KI; Bejon, P; Berkley, JA; Brasseur, P; D'Alessandro, U; Day, NP; Diakite, M; Dorsey, G; Fairhurst, RM; Fanello, C; Gadisa, E; Henry, MC; John, C; Jones, J; Kapulu, M; Kremsner, P; Lasry, E; Loolpapit, M; Lutumba, P; Maitland, K; Malenga, G; Matangila, J; Mavoko, M; Molyneux, M; Mukaka, M; Naw, HK; Nwakanma, D; Obonyo, C; Okebe, J; Onyamboko, M; Piola, P; Randremanana, R; Rwagacondo, C; Schramm, B; Sirima, SB; Taylor, WR; van Geertruyden, JP; White, NJ; Williams, TN; Yah, Z, 2018)
" There was no evidence of symptomatic hemolysis, and adverse events considered related to study drug (n = 4) were mild."	1.48	Safety of Single-Dose Primaquine in G6PD-Deficient and G6PD-Normal Males in Mali Without Malaria: An Open-Label, Phase 1, Dose-Adjustment Trial. ( Bousema, T; Brown, J; Chen, I; Diarra, K; Diawara, H; Dicko, A; Djimde, M; Gosling, R; Greenhouse, B; Hwang, J; Keita, M; Keita, S; Kone, D; Mahamar, A; Murphy, M; Niemi, M; Pett, H; Roh, ME; Sanogo, K, 2018)
"Primaquine (PQ) has been used for radical cure of P."	1.48	Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency among malaria patients in Upper Myanmar. ( Jun, H; Kang, JM; Kim, TI; Kim, TS; Lê, HG; Lee, J; Lin, K; Myint, MK; Na, BK; Sohn, WM; Thái, TL, 2018)
"The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the Bamar, Karen and in the whole sample set was 6."	1.43	Validation of G6PD Point-of-Care Tests among Healthy Volunteers in Yangon, Myanmar. ( Bancone, G; Bansil, P; Chowwiwat, N; Domingo, GJ; Htun, MM; Htut, Y; Maw, LZ; Nosten, F; Oo, NN; Thant, KZ, 2016)
" No dosing regimen was suggested, leaving malaria control programmes and clinicians in limbo."	1.43	An optimised age-based dosing regimen for single low-dose primaquine for blocking malaria transmission in Cambodia. ( Buchy, P; Chy, S; Debackere, M; Dondorp, AM; Fairhurst, RM; Kak, N; Kheang, ST; Kheng, S; Khu, NH; Leang, R; Menard, D; Mukaka, M; Muth, S; Ngak, S; Roca-Felterer, A; Tarantola, A; Taylor, WR; Tripura, R; White, NJ, 2016)
"The hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency is usually triggered by oxidative stress, but the mechanism remains uncertain."	1.42	Changes in red blood cell membrane structure in G6PD deficiency: an atomic force microscopy study. ( Fang, Z; Feng, Y; Guo, Y; Han, L; Jiang, C; Jiang, W; Li, H; Li, L; Mei, A; Tang, J; Xiao, X, 2015)
" Research is needed to define the therapeutic dose range, which will guide dosing regimens in the field, inform the development of new, lower strength primaquine tablets and/or formulation(s), and allay programmatic safety concerns in individuals with G6PD deficiency."	1.42	An assessment of the supply, programmatic use, and regulatory issues of single low-dose primaquine as a Plasmodium falciparum gametocytocide for sub-Saharan Africa. ( Chen, I; Cohen, JM; Gosling, R; Hwang, J; Kandula, D; Newman, M; Poirot, E; Rooney, L; Shah, R, 2015)
"Mild and severe G6PD deficiency was observed in 14."	1.42	Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in southeast Iran: implications for malaria elimination. ( Metanat, Z; Raeisi, A; Sakeni, M; Salimi Khorashad, A; Tabatabaei, SM, 2015)
"In this first study to examine G6PD deficiency rates in Haiti, 22."	1.40	Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the Ouest and Sud-Est departments of Haiti. ( Alam, MT; Carter, TE; Eaton, WT; Masse, R; Okech, BA; Romain, JR; Schick, L; von Fricken, ME; Weppelmann, TA, 2014)
"No G6PD deficiency was observed using phenotypic- or genetic-based tests in individuals residing in vivax malaria endemic regions in the ROK."	1.40	First evaluation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in vivax malaria endemic regions in the Republic of Korea. ( Cho, SH; Goo, YK; Ji, SY; Kim, JY; Lee, WJ; Moon, JH; Shin, HI, 2014)
"The prevalence of G6PD deficiency by genotype and enzyme activity was determined in healthy school children in The Gambia."	1.40	The prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Gambian school children. ( Affara, M; Amambua-Ngwa, A; Ceesay, SJ; D'Alessandro, U; Daswani, M; Nishimura, S; Nwakanma, D; Okebe, J; Parr, J; Takem, EN, 2014)
" These data inform discussions on safe and effective primaquine dosing and future malaria elimination strategies for Haiti."	1.40	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency A- variant in febrile patients in Haiti. ( Carter, TE; Maloy, H; Mulligan, CJ; Okech, BA; Romain, JR; St Victor, Y; von Fricken, M, 2014)
"By comparison individuals with G6PD deficiency showed a highly skewed haplotype distribution, with 95% showing the CT haplotype, a finding consistent with relatively recent appearance and positive selection of the Mediterranean variant in Afghanistan."	1.40	A population survey of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 563C>T (Mediterranean) mutation in Afghanistan. ( Awab, GR; Day, NP; Dondorp, AM; Imwong, M; Jamornthanyawat, N; Pukrittayakamee, S; Tanomsing, N; White, NJ; Woodrow, CJ; Yamin, F, 2014)
"Primaquine is a well-recognized cause of hemolysis in individuals with G6PD deficiency."	1.35	Central retinal vein occlusion in an Army ranger with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. ( Butler, FK; Hill, GJ; Kotwal, RS; Miles, EA; Murray, CK; Rayfield, JC, 2009)
"20 patients hemizygous for mild G6PD deficiency (GdB- variant), 2 patients hemizygous for severe deficiency (Gd-Myanmar variant) completed the trial."	1.29	The use of primaquine in malaria infected patients with red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Myanmar. ( , 1994)
"We found that even without G6PD deficiency, the HMS dehydrogenases selectively limited daunorubicin metabolism, as contrasted with that of doxorubicin."	1.29	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency severely restricts the biotransformation of daunorubicin in human erythrocytes. ( Amitai, Y; Bhooma, T; Frischer, H, 1996)
"Primaquine was ineffective on erythrocyte membrane ATPase in-vitro."	1.27	Erythrocyte membrane ATPase activity of G6PD-deficient individuals and the effect of primaquine metabolite(s) on membrane ATPase enzymes. ( Akoğlu, T; Erdoğan, R; Ozdoğu, H; Ozer, FL, 1984)
"Some primaquine was excreted along with at least five metabolites including 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-8-(4-amino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline (5HPQ) and a small amount of 6-hydroxy-8-(4-amino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline (6HPQ)."	1.26	Metabolism of 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents. ( Allahyari, R; Fraser, IM; Strother, A; Tilton, BE, 1981)
"Xylitol was explored as a potential agent for treatment of hemolysis in patients with G6PD-deficiency."	1.25	The potential use of xylitol in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency anemia. ( Patterson, JH; Van Eys, J; Wang, YM, 1971)

Research

Studies (242)

Authors

Clinical Trials (16)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Cost Associated With a Hemolysis Event

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	99 (40.91)	18.7374
1990's	10 (4.13)	18.2507
2000's	6 (2.48)	29.6817
2010's	87 (35.95)	24.3611
2020's	40 (16.53)	2.80

Authors	Studies
van Beek, SW	1
Svensson, EM	1
Tiono, AB	1
Okebe, J	3
D'Alessandro, U	4
Gonçalves, BP	1
Bousema, T	3
Drakeley, C	3
Ter Heine, R	1
Bahk, YY	2
Ahn, SK	2
Lee, J	2
Im, JH	1
Yeom, JS	1
Park, S	1
Kwon, J	1
Kan, H	1
Kim, M	1
Jang, W	1
Kim, TS	2
Nain, M	2
Mohan, M	2
Sharma, A	3
Anvikar, AR	1
Sahu, P	1
Pradhan, MM	1
Sharma, S	1
Ahmed, N	1
Yadav, CP	1
Pradhan, S	1
Duparc, S	2
Grewal Daumerie, P	1
Valecha, N	1
Khammanee, T	1
Sawangjaroen, N	1
Buncherd, H	1
Tun, AW	1
Thanapongpichat, S	1
Brito-Sousa, JD	4
Peixoto, HM	6
Devine, A	5
Silva-Neto, AV	2
Balieiro, PCS	1
Sampaio, VS	4
Vitor-Silva, S	2
Mendes, MO	2
Souza, BKA	2
Lacerda, MVG	8
Monteiro, WM	15
Aung, YN	1
Tun, STT	1
Vanisaveth, V	1
Chindavongsa, K	1
Kanya, L	1
Ley, B	12
Alam, MS	4
Satyagraha, AW	6
Phru, CS	3
Thriemer, K	9
Tadesse, D	1
Shibiru, T	1
Hailu, A	3
Kibria, MG	2
Hossain, MS	1
Rahmat, H	3
Poespoprodjo, JR	2
Khan, WA	5
Simpson, JA	6
Price, RN	15
Flaherty, S	1
Strauch, P	1
Maktabi, M	1
Pybus, BS	1
Reichard, G	1
Walker, LA	5
Rochford, R	4
Liu, H	1
Zeng, W	2
Malla, P	1
Wang, C	1
Lakshmi, S	1
Kim, K	1
Menezes, L	1
Yang, Z	2
Cui, L	4
Jeon, HJ	1
Na, BK	2
Lee, SK	1
Shin, HJ	1
Shenkutie, TT	1
Nega, D	1
Kepple, D	1
Witherspoon, L	1
Lo, E	2
Negash, MT	1
Adamu, A	1
Gebremichael, SG	1
Gidey, B	1
Tasew, G	1
Feleke, SM	1
Kebede, T	1
Vincent, JP	1
Existe, AV	1
Komaki-Yasuda, K	1
Boncy, J	1
Kano, S	3
Adhikari, B	1
Tripura, R	2
Dysoley, L	4
Callery, JJ	1
Peto, TJ	1
Heng, C	1
Vanda, T	1
Simvieng, O	1
Cassidy-Seyoum, S	1
Dondorp, AM	6
von Seidlein, L	4
Kheang, ST	2
Ridley, R	1
Ngeth, E	1
Ir, P	1
Ngor, P	1
Sovannaroth, S	1
Lek, D	4
Phon, S	1
Kak, N	2
Yeung, S	3
Liu, N	1
Li, Y	1
Gao, A	1
Yuan, M	1
Ma, R	1
Jiang, N	1
Sun, D	1
Wang, G	1
Feng, X	1
Boum, Y	3
Moukoko, CEE	3
Parikh, S	4
Taylor, WR	9
Olupot-Olupot, P	4
Onyamboko, MA	4
Peerawaranun, P	3
Weere, W	3
Namayanja, C	4
Onyas, P	4
Titin, H	4
Baseke, J	4
Muhindo, R	4
Kayembe, DK	4
Ndjowo, PO	4
Basara, BB	4
Bongo, GS	3
Okalebo, CB	4
Abongo, G	3
Uyoga, S	4
Williams, TN	6
Taya, C	4
Dhorda, M	4
Tarning, J	3
Waithira, N	4
Fanello, C	5
Maitland, K	5
Mukaka, M	8
Day, NJP	3
Douglas, NM	6
Piera, KA	2
Rumaseb, A	2
Anstey, NM	4
Djigo, OKM	1
Gomez, N	1
Ould Ahmedou Salem, MS	1
Basco, L	1
Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary, A	1
Briolant, S	1
Gill, J	1
Aung, PL	1
Soe, MT	1
Soe, TN	1
Oo, TL	1
Win, KM	1
Kyaw, MP	1
Sattabongkot, J	2
Okanurak, K	1
Parker, DM	1
Aung, TH	1
Suansomjit, C	1
Tun, ZM	1
Hlaing, TM	1
Kaewkungwal, J	1
Roobsoong, W	1
Aung, JM	1
Moon, Z	1
VanBik, D	1
Dinzouna-Boutamba, SD	1
Lee, S	1
Ring, Z	1
Chung, DI	1
Hong, Y	1
Goo, YK	2
Yilma, D	2
Groves, ES	1
Chu, C	1
Commons, RJ	3
Taylor, WRJ	5
Meagher, N	2
Bancone, G	16
Satyagraha, A	1
Assefa, A	2
Chand, K	1
Chau, NH	1
Degaga, TS	1
Ekawati, LL	1
Hasanzai, MA	1
Naddim, MN	1
Pasaribu, AP	1
Rahim, AG	1
Sutanto, I	1
Thanh, NV	1
Tuyet-Trinh, NT	1
Woyessa, A	1
Dondorp, A	2
White, NJ	14
Baird, JK	16
Day, NP	4
Adissu, W	1
Brito, M	2
Garbin, E	1
Macedo, M	1
Monteiro, W	1
Mukherjee, SK	1
Myburg, J	1
Bansil, P	4
Pal, S	3
Zobrist, S	1
Bryan, A	1
Chu, CS	10
Das, S	1
Domingo, GJ	8
Hann, A	1
Kublin, J	1
Layton, M	1
Murphy, SC	1
Nosten, F	10
Pereira, D	1
Talukdar, A	1
Gerth-Guyette, E	1
Were, W	1
Bamisaiye, A	1
Day, NPJ	1
Kheng, S	4
Muth, S	3
Tor, P	2
Kim, S	4
Bjorge, S	2
Topps, N	1
Kosal, K	2
Sothea, K	2
Souy, P	2
Char, CM	2
Vanna, C	2
Ly, P	2
Khieu, V	2
Christophel, E	3
Kerleguer, A	2
Pantaleo, A	1
Menard, D	8
Zhong, D	1
Raya, B	1
Pestana, K	1
Koepfli, C	1
Lee, MC	1
Yewhalaw, D	1
Yan, G	1
Chowdhury, MU	1
Jahan, N	1
Aktaruzzaman, MM	1
Prue, AS	1
Winasti Satyagraha, A	1
von Fricken, ME	3
Pfeffer, DA	1
Espino, F	1
Henriques, G	1
Oo, NN	2
Karahalios, A	1
Brummaier, T	1
Gilder, ME	1
Gornsawun, G	3
Pimanpanarak, M	1
Chotivanich, K	1
McGready, R	1
Wojnarski, B	1
Lon, C	1
Sea, D	1
Sok, S	1
Sriwichai, S	1
Chann, S	1
Hom, S	1
Boonchan, T	1
Ly, S	1
Sok, C	1
Nou, S	1
Oung, P	1
Kong, N	1
Pheap, V	1
Thay, K	1
Dao, V	1
Kuntawunginn, W	1
Feldman, M	1
Gosi, P	1
Buathong, N	1
Ittiverakul, M	1
Uthaimongkol, N	1
Huy, R	3
Spring, M	1
Smith, P	1
Fukuda, MM	2
Wojnarski, M	1
McCarthy, JS	1
Howes, RE	6
Price, DJ	1
Moore, KA	2
Dittrich, S	1
Luzzatto, L	5
Ally, M	1
Notaro, R	1
Rodrigo, C	2
Rajapakse, S	2
Fernando, D	1
Kenangalem, E	1
Sugiarto, P	1
Visclosky, T	1
Schaeffer, W	1
Pomeranz, E	1
Ponce, DM	1
Kobayashi, T	2
Kurani, S	1
Hamapumbu, H	1
Stevenson, JC	1
Thuma, PE	1
Moss, WJ	1
Murta, F	1
Brito, MAM	3
Batista, TSB	1
Santos, APC	1
Marques, LLG	1
Barbosa, LRA	1
Melo, MM	1
Baia-da-Silva, DC	1
Santos, TC	2
Figueiredo, EFG	1
Silva, EL	1
Rodovalho, S	1
Nakagawa, TH	1
Arcanjo, AR	1
Siqueira, AM	5
Melo, GC	4
Recht, J	6
Bassat, Q	6
Battle, KE	5
Dini, S	1
Gething, PW	2
Lubell, Y	4
Kalra, S	1
Khandelwal, D	1
Singla, R	1
Aggarwal, S	1
Dutta, D	1
Parmiter, M	1
Dombrowski, JG	1
Souza, RM	1
Curry, J	1
Hinton, L	1
Silva, NRM	1
Grignard, L	1
Gonçalves, LA	1
Gomes, AR	1
Epiphanio, S	1
Huggett, J	1
Clark, TG	1
Campino, S	1
Marinho, CRF	1
Jaswal, J	1
Poirot, E	3
Qi, G	2
Kheong, CC	2
Shamsudin, UK	1
Chen, I	3
Hwang, J	6
Gosling, R	3
Uthman, OA	2
Graves, PM	5
Saunders, R	2
Gelband, H	6
Richardson, M	1
Garner, P	6
Kitchakarn, S	1
Thol, S	1
Hok, C	1
Saejeng, A	1
Chinanonwait, N	1
Thimasarn, K	1
Wongsrichanalai, C	2
Romero, GAS	1
Oliveira, MRF	1
Chen, X	1
He, Y	1
Miao, Y	1
Kalnoky, M	3
Kahn, M	1
Chowwiwat, N	4
Wilaisrisak, P	2
LaRue, N	1
Leader, B	1
Belfield, KD	1
Tichy, EM	1
Diawara, H	1
Mahamar, A	1
Sanogo, K	1
Keita, S	1
Kone, D	1
Diarra, K	1
Djimde, M	1
Keita, M	1
Brown, J	1
Roh, ME	1
Pett, H	1
Murphy, M	1
Niemi, M	1
Greenhouse, B	1
Dicko, A	1
Naw, HK	1
Kapulu, M	1
Berkley, JA	1
Bejon, P	1
Achan, J	1
Amambua, AN	1
Affara, M	2
Nwakanma, D	2
van Geertruyden, JP	1
Mavoko, M	1
Lutumba, P	1
Matangila, J	1
Brasseur, P	1
Piola, P	1
Randremanana, R	1
Lasry, E	1
Onyamboko, M	1
Schramm, B	1
Yah, Z	1
Jones, J	1
Fairhurst, RM	2
Diakite, M	1
Malenga, G	1
Molyneux, M	1
Rwagacondo, C	1
Obonyo, C	1
Gadisa, E	1
Aseffa, A	2
Loolpapit, M	1
Henry, MC	1
Dorsey, G	1
John, C	1
Sirima, SB	1
Barnes, KI	1
Kremsner, P	1
Choi, L	1
Kim, TI	1
Kang, JM	1
Jun, H	1
Lê, HG	1
Thái, TL	1
Sohn, WM	1
Myint, MK	1
Lin, K	2
Ashley, EA	3
Watson, J	3
Jittamala, P	1
Porn, P	1
Advani, N	1
Sibley, CH	2
Rowley, E	1
Cohen, J	1
Parker, M	2
Kelley, M	1
Kießling, N	1
Brintrup, J	1
Zeynudin, A	1
Abduselam, N	1
Götz, S	1
Mack, M	1
Pritsch, M	1
Wieser, A	1
Kohne, E	1
Berens-Riha, N	1
Avalos, S	2
Mejia, RE	1
Banegas, E	1
Salinas, C	1
Gutierrez, L	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Tafenoquine After Weekly and Escalating Monthly Doses of Tafenoquine in Healthy Vietnamese Volunteers[NCT05203744]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-10	Not yet recruiting
Determining a Tolerable Dose of Primaquine in G6PD-deficient Persons Without Malaria in Mali[NCT02535767]	Phase 1/Phase 2	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
A Clinical Study to Assess the Safety and Feasibility of Controlled Blood-stage Plasmodium Vivax Human Malaria Infection Through Experimental Inoculation of Cryopreserved Infected Erythrocytes in Healthy Thai Adults[NCT05071079]		16 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-23	Recruiting
Does Artemisinin Combination Treatment Reduce the Radical Curative Efficacy of High Dose Tafenoquine for Plasmodium Vivax Malaria?[NCT05788094]	Phase 4	388 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-26	Recruiting
Health Care Provider Use of Plasmodium Vivax Radical Cure (RC) With Tafenoquine or Primaquine After Semi-quantitative G6PD Testing: A Feasibility Study in Peru[NCT05361486]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-08-28	Recruiting
FocaL Mass Drug Administration for Vivax Malaria Elimination (FLAME): a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Peru[NCT05690841]	Phase 3	7,700 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-01	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Comparative, Multicenter Study to Assess the Incidence of Hemolysis, Safety, and Efficacy of Tafenoquine (SB-252263, WR238605) Versus Primaquine in the Treatment of Subjects With Plasmodium Vivax Malaria[NCT02216123]	Phase 3	251 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
The Tolerability and Safety of Low Dose Primaquine for Transmission Blocking in Symptomatic Falciparum Infected Cambodians[NCT02434952]	Phase 4	109 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
Targeting High-risk Populations With Enhanced Reactive Focal Mass Drug Administration: A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Feasibility for Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Thailand[NCT05052502]		49,118 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-01	Recruiting
Targeting High-risk Populations With Enhanced Reactive Case Detection: a Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Feasibility for Reducing Plasmodium Falciparum and P. Vivax Malaria in Southern Lao Peoples Democratic Republic[NCT04416945]		31,443 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-20	Recruiting
Development of Safer Drugs for Malaria in U.S. Troops, Civilian Personnel, and Travelers: Clinical Evaluation of Primaquine Enantiomer[NCT02898779]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-01	Completed
Targeted Chemo-elimination (TCE) to Eradicate Malaria in Areas of Suspected or Proven Artemisinin Resistance in Southeast Asia and South Asia[NCT01872702]		8,000 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Mass-Drug Administration With a Gametocytocidal Drug Combination, a Model for a Transmission Blocking Vaccine[NCT00509015]		6,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Primaquine for Clearance of Gametocytes in Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Uganda[NCT01365598]	Phase 3	468 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Completed
Phase 2a Dose Escalation Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Low Dose Primaquine for Gametocytocidal Activity Against P. Falciparum in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia[NCT01743820]	Phase 2	81 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Evaluating the Efficacy of Chloroquine for the Treatment of Plasmodium Vivax Infections in Central Vietnam[NCT02610686]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Health outcomes were evaluated based on cost incurred due to clinically relevant hemolysis. The total cost was evaluated based on the amount spent on treatment, transport, medication and test. The costs associated with hemolysis event has been presented. The aim of this outcome measure was to determine the cost to a participant due to an event of hemolysis, regardless of treatment received in the study. It was not expected there would be major cost differences with hemoglobin decrease between the treatment arms. This was pre-specified in the statistical analysis plan. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Cost Incurred With Purchase of Medications Associated With Hemolysis Event

Intervention	USD (Mean)
Participants With Clinically Relevant Hemolysis	9.174

"Health outcomes were evaluated based on the cost of medications purchased. The total medication cost associated with hemolysis event has been presented. Medications recorded as Other and medications without costs are excluded from the analysis. The aim of this outcome measure was to determine the cost to a participant due to an event of hemolysis, regardless of treatment received in the study. It was not expected there would be major cost differences with hemoglobin decrease between the treatment arms. This was pre-specified in the statistical analysis plan." (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants or Care Givers Who Had Taken Time Off From Normal Occupation Due to a Hemolysis Event

Intervention	USD (Mean)
Participants With Clinically Relevant Hemolysis	0

Health outcomes were evaluated based on total time lost by participants or care givers due to a hemolysis event. The number of participants or care givers who took days off from work due to a hemolysis event has been presented based on the normal occupation. The aim of this outcome measure was to determine the time taken off by participants due to an event of hemolysis, regardless of treatment received in the study. It was not expected there would be major differences in time taken off by participants with hemoglobin decrease between the treatment arms. This was pre-specified in the statistical analysis plan. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants With Action Taken to Treat a Hemolysis Event

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Participants With Clinically Relevant Hemolysis	0

Health outcomes were evaluated based on the actions taken by the participants to treat hemolysis events. The number of participants in Brazil who attended the trial clinic to treat a hemolysis event has been presented. The aim of this outcome measure was to determine the action taken by a participant due to an event of hemolysis, regardless of treatment received in the study. It was not expected there would be major differences in action taken by the participants with hemoglobin decrease between the treatment arms. This was pre-specified in the statistical analysis plan. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants With P. Falciparum

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Participants With Clinically Relevant Hemolysis	1

Microscopic blood slides (two thick film and one thin film slide) were prepared and examined for asexual parasite count. The number of participants with positive P. falciparum asexual parasite count post Baseline has been summarized for each treatment arm. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants With Recrudescence

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TQ+CQ	4
PQ+CQ	3

Recrudescence is defined as any P. vivax parasitemia occurring on or before Day 32 (that is, blood stage treatment failure). A participant was considered to have had a recrudescence if both of the following were true: a) Participant had a positive P. vivax asexual parasite count at Baseline and demonstrated clearance (that is, did not have two negative asexual P. vivax parasite counts, with at least 6 hours between the counts, and no positive counts in the interval). b) Participant had a positive genetically homologous asexual P. vivax parasite count, after their zero count in Days 1 to 5, but on or before Study Day 32. The number of participants with recrudescence before Study Day 33 has been presented. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 32

Oral Clearance (CL/F) of TQ

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TQ+CQ	0
PQ+CQ	0

Apparent population oral clearance of TQ (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Day 2, Day 3, Day 8, Day 15, Day 29, Day 60 and Day 180

Percentage of Participants With Clinically Relevant Hemolysis.

Intervention	Liters per hour (Median)
Participants in TQ Only Arms	2.96

Clinically relevant hemolysis is defined as a decrease in hemoglobin of >=30% or >3 grams per deciliter (g/dL) from Baseline; or, an overall drop in hemoglobin below 6.0 g/dL at any visit after the first dose of study medication. The percentage of participants with clinically relevant hemolysis has been summarized. Safety Population comprised of all randomized participants who received at least one dose of blinded study medication. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Rate of Relapse-free Efficacy at Four Months Post Dose

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
TQ+CQ	2.41
PQ+CQ	1.18

A participant was considered to have demonstrated recurrence-free efficacy at 4 months if: a) Participant had non-zero P. vivax asexual parasite count at Baseline. b) Participant showed initial clearance of P. vivax parasitemia. c) Participant had no positive asexual P. vivax parasite count at any assessment prior to or on Study Day 130 following initial parasite clearance. d) Participant did not take a concomitant medication with anti-malarial activity at any point between Study Day 1 and their last parasite assessment after Study Day 109 (up to and including Study Day 130). e) Participant is parasite-free at 4 months. The rate of relapse-free efficacy was estimated by Kaplan-Meier methodology. The percentage of participants who were relapse-free at 4 months post dose has been presented along with 95% confidence interval. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: 4 months post dose

Rate of Relapse-free Efficacy at Six Months Post Dose

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
TQ+CQ	82.3
PQ+CQ	79.7

A participant was considered to have demonstrated relapse-free efficacy at 6 months if: a) Participant had non-zero P. vivax asexual parasite count at Baseline. b) Participant showed initial clearance of P. vivax parasitemia defined as two negative asexual P. vivax parasite counts, with at least 6 hours between the counts, and no positive counts in the interval. c) Participant had no positive asexual P. vivax parasite count at any assessment prior to or on Study Day 201 following initial parasite clearance. d) Participant did not take a concomitant medication with anti-malarial activity at any point between Study Day 1 and their last parasite assessment. e) Participant is parasite-free at 6 months. The rate of relapse-free efficacy was estimated by Kaplan-Meier methodology. The percentage of participants who were relapse-free at 6 months post dose has been presented along with 95% confidence interval. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: 6 months post dose

Time to Fever Clearance

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
TQ+CQ	72.7
PQ+CQ	75.1

Fever clearance time is defined as the time from first dose of treatment to the time when body temperature falls to normal within Study Days 1-4 and remains normal for at least 48 hours up to the Day 8 visit. Fever clearance was considered to have been achieved once an initial temperature of more than 37.4 degree Celsius is reduced to a value less than or equal to 37.4 degree Celsius, in the absence of value more than 37.4 degree Celsius in the following 48 hours up to the Day 8 visit. The time taken to achieve fever clearance was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 9

Time to Gametocyte Clearance

Intervention	Hours (Median)
TQ+CQ	10
PQ+CQ	13

Gametocyte clearance time is defined as time from first dose until the first slide that was gametocyte negative and remained so at the next slide reading. The time taken to achieve gametocyte clearance was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Time to Parasite Clearance

Intervention	Hours (Median)
TQ+CQ	38
PQ+CQ	41

Parasite clearance time is defined as time needed to clear asexual parasite from the blood that is, parasite numbers falling below the limit of detection in the thick blood smear and remaining undetectable after 6 to 12 hours later. The time to achieve parasite clearance was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methodology. The median parasite clearance time along with 95% confidence interval has been presented for each treatment group. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Time to Relapse of P. Vivax Malaria

Intervention	Hours (Median)
TQ+CQ	41
PQ+CQ	44

Relapse is defined by a positive blood smear with or without vivax symptoms. Relapse is described as any recurrence of malaria that occurred after Day 32 of the study. The time to relapse was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The median number of days to relapse along with 95% confidence interval has been presented for each treatment group. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Volume of Distribution (Vc/F) of TQ

Intervention	Days (Median)
TQ+CQ	NA
PQ+CQ	NA

Apparent population central volume of distribution of TQ (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Day 2, Day 3, Day 8, Day 15, Day 29, Day 60 and Day 180

Change From Baseline in Percent Methemoglobin

Intervention	Liters (Median)
Participants in TQ Only Arms	915

Methemoglbin is an oxidized and inactive form of hemoglobin. Methemoglobin assessment was made with the aid of a non-invasive signal extraction pulse CO-Oximeter handheld machine. The change from Baseline in percent methemoglobin by treatment, time and sex has been summarized. The latest pre-treatment assessment where treatment is their first dose of study medication (CQ/PQ/TQ/Placebo) was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline is the value at post dose visit minus the Baseline value. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 120

Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate

Intervention	Percent change (Mean)
	Day 2, Male, n=114, 53	Day 2, Female, n=52, 32	Day 3, Male, n=114, 53	Day 3, Female, n=52, 32	Day 5, Male, n=113, 53	Day 5, Female, n=52, 32	Day 8, Male, n=112, 52	Day 8, Female, n=52, 32	Day 11, Male, n=112, 52	Day 11, Female, n=51, 32	Day 15, Male, n=113, 52	Day 15, Female, n=52, 32	Day 22, Male, n=112, 52	Day 22, Female, n=52, 32	Day 29, Male, n=111, 52	Day 29, Female, n=52, 32	Day 60, Male, n=107, 51	Day 60, Female, n=52, 32	Day 120, Male, n=109, 50	Day 120, Female, n=50, 31
PQ+CQ	0.02	-0.06	0.03	0.17	0.89	1.32	2.63	2.81	3.30	3.44	3.26	3.61	1.58	2.30	0.46	0.84	0.20	0.14	-0.01	0.04
TQ+CQ	0.02	-0.16	0.18	0.08	0.77	0.63	1.22	1.00	1.16	1.04	1.01	0.81	0.61	0.32	0.24	-0.02	0.05	-0.09	0.06	0.14

Vital signs were measured twice a day on Days 1 through 3, at least 4 hours apart, and immediately prior to PK measurements. The mean and standard deviation of pulse rate has been presented. The values presented does not include Day 3 assessments for participant number 570. Baseline value is defined as the latest pre-treatment assessment where treatment is their first dose of study medication (CQ/PQ/TQ/Placebo). Change from Baseline is the value at post dose minus Baseline value. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 180

Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Intervention	beats per minute (Mean)
	Day 1 assessment 4; n=161, 84	Day 2 assessment 1; n=166, 85	Day 2 assessment 4; n=166, 85	Day 3 assessment 1; n=166, 83	Day 3 assessment 4; n=166, 82	Day 8; n=164, 84	Day 11; n=163, 84	Day15; n=165, 84	Day 22; n=164, 84	Day 29; n=163, 84	Day 60; n=160, 83	Day 90; n=160, 82	Day 120; n=159, 81	Day 150; n=161, 82	Day180; n=160, 83
PQ+CQ	-9.3	-9.9	-11.8	-18.2	-17.5	-14.6	-15.5	-16.9	-16.8	-17.5	-18.5	-18.6	-19.1	-17.9	-18.3
TQ+CQ	-10.8	-9.9	-11.9	-15.1	-16.5	-12.7	-13.4	-13.5	-14.7	-16.9	-16.7	-16.3	-16.7	-16.8	-18.0

Vital signs were measured twice a day on Days 1 through 3, at least 4 hours apart, and immediately prior to pharmacokinetic (PK) measurements. MAP was calculated as the sum of SBP and two times DBP divided by 3. The mean and standard deviation of SBP, DBP and MAP has been presented. The values presented does not include Day 3 assessments for participant number 570. Baseline value is defined as the latest pre-treatment assessment where treatment is their first dose of study medication (CQ/PQ/TQ/Placebo). Change from Baseline is the value at post dose minus Baseline value. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 180

Change From Baseline in Temperature

Intervention	millimeter of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
	SBP, Day 1 assessment 4; n=161, 84	SBP, Day 2 assessment 1; n=166, 85	SBP, Day 2 assessment 4; n=166, 85	SBP, Day 3 assessment 1; n=166, 83	SBP, Day 3 assessment 4; n=166, 82	SBP, Day 8; n=164, 84	SBP, Day 11; n=163, 84	SBP, Day15; n=165, 84	SBP, Day 22; n=164, 84	SBP, Day 29; n=163, 84	SBP, Day 60; n=160, 83	SBP, Day 90; n=160, 82	SBP, Day 120; n=159, 81	SBP, Day 150; n=161, 82	SBP, Day180; n=160, 83	DBP, Day 1 assessment 4; n=161, 84	DBP, Day 2 assessment 1; n=166, 85	DBP, Day 2 assessment 4; n=166, 85	DBP, Day 3 assessment 1; n=166, 83	DBP, Day 3 assessment 4; n=166, 82	DBP, Day 8; n=164, 84	DBP, Day 11; n=163, 84	DBP, Day15; n=165, 84	DBP, Day 22; n=164, 84	DBP, Day 29; n=163, 84	DBP, Day 60; n=160, 83	DBP, Day 90; n=160, 82	DBP, Day 120; n=159, 81	DBP, Day 150; n=161, 82	DBP, Day180; n=160, 83	MAP, Day 1 assessment 4; n=161, 84	MAP, Day 2 assessment 1; n=166, 85	MAP, Day 2 assessment 4; n=166, 85	MAP, Day 3 assessment 1; n=166, 83	MAP, Day 3 assessment 4; n=166, 82	MAP, Day 8; n=164, 84	MAP, Day 11; n=163, 84	MAP, Day15; n=165, 84	MAP, Day 22; n=164, 84	MAP, Day 29; n=163, 84	MAP, Day 60; n=160, 83	MAP, Day 90; n=160, 82	MAP, Day 120; n=159, 81	MAP, Day 150; n=161, 82	MAP, Day180; n=160, 83
PQ+CQ	-0.9	-2.3	-2.7	-2.1	-2.2	0.8	1.2	2.5	2.9	4.4	4.3	5.3	3.1	4.9	5.7	-1.5	-2.2	-2.6	-1.3	-1.9	1.1	-0.5	0.4	1.3	1.5	1.9	3.5	2.4	4.1	3.7	-1.3	-2.2	-2.6	-1.6	-2.0	1.0	0.1	1.1	1.8	2.4	2.7	4.1	2.6	4.4	4.4
TQ+CQ	1.2	0.4	-0.8	-0.6	-2.7	2.2	1.3	3.2	3.3	2.6	4.4	3.8	3.8	4.4	3.7	1.1	-0.1	-0.8	-0.2	-1.9	0.9	-0.0	1.5	1.2	0.9	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.2	2.9	1.1	0.0	-0.8	-0.3	-2.2	1.3	0.4	2.0	1.9	1.5	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.2

Vital signs were performed twice a day on Days 1 through 3, at least 4 hours apart, and immediately prior to PK measurements. The mean and standard deviation of pulse rate has been presented. The values presented does not include Day 3 assessments for participant number 570. Baseline value is defined as the latest pre-treatment assessment where treatment is their first dose of study medication (CQ/PQ/TQ/Placebo). Change from Baseline is the value at post dose minus Baseline value. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 180

Cost Associated With Relapse Episode of P Vivax Malaria

Intervention	Celsius (Mean)
	Day 1 assessment 4; n=161, 84	Day 2 assessment 1; n=166, 85	Day 2 assessment 4; n=166, 85	Day 3 assessment 1; n=166, 83	Day 3 assessment 4; n=166, 82	Day 8; n=164, 84	Day 11; n=163, 84	Day15; n=165, 84	Day 22; n=164, 84	Day 29; n=163, 84	Day 60; n=160, 83	Day 90; n=160, 82	Day 120; n=159, 81	Day 150; n=161, 82	Day180; n=160, 83
PQ+CQ	-0.5	-0.6	-0.6	-0.9	-1.0	-0.9	-0.9	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-0.9	-1.0	-1.0
TQ+CQ	-0.6	-0.6	-0.6	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-0.9	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0

Health outcomes were evaluated based on the total costs spent on treatment, transport, medication and tests. The cost was summarized according to the place at which the participant went to for care (drug shop, trial clinic, other clinic, hospital emergency center, other). The costs associated with a relapse episode of P. vivax malaria has been presented. Participants may be represented in more than one category, so the total number of participants may be less than the number quoted. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Cost Associated With Relapse Episode of P Vivax Malaria

Intervention	US Dollars (USD) (Mean)
	Brazil; enrollment clinic for care; n=19, 17	Colombia; hospital emergency center; n=1,1	Peru; enrollment clinic for care; n=32, 33	Peru; attended another clinic; n=8, 30	Thailand; enrollment clinic for care; n=0, 1	Vietnam; drug shop for care;n=1, 2	Vietnam; attended another clinic; n=0, 1
First Malaria Relapse Follow-up	8.032	16.775	8.815	3.959	1.534	2.809	0.936

Cost Incurred With Purchase of Medications Associated With Relapse Episode of P. Vivax Malaria

Intervention	US Dollars (USD) (Mean)
	Brazil; enrollment clinic for care; n=19, 17	Colombia; enrollment clinic for care; n=1,0	Colombia; attended another clinic; n=1,0	Colombia; hospital emergency center; n=1,1	Peru; enrollment clinic for care; n=32, 33	Peru; attended another clinic; n=8, 30	Peru; Other; n=8, 0	Vietnam; drug shop for care;n=1, 2	Vietnam; Other; n=1, 0
First Malaria Relapse	8.208	42.776	4.194	16.775	9.244	1.677	0.818	0.702	1.873

"Health outcomes were evaluated based on the cost of medications purchased. The total medication cost for paracetamol associated with relapse episode of P vivax malaria has been presented. Medications recorded as Other and medications without costs are excluded from the analysis. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title)." (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants or Care Givers Who Had Taken Time Off From Normal Occupation Due to Relapse Episode of Malaria

Intervention	USD (Mean)
	Colombia; n=2, 1	Peru; n=6, 2	Vietnam; n=1, 1
First Malaria Relapse	2.516	0.491	0.468
First Malaria Relapse Follow-up	4.194	0.327	2.341

Health outcomes were evaluated based on total time lost by participants or care givers due to an episode of malaria. The number of participants or care givers who had taken off from their normal occupation due to relapse episode of P vivax malaria has been presented by country. Participants may be represented in more than one category, so the total number of participants may be less than the number quoted. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants or Care Givers Who Had Taken Time Off From Normal Occupation Due to Relapse Episode of Malaria

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Brazil; Housework; n=2, 1	Brazil; Farming; n=1, 1	Brazil; Student; n=1, 1	Brazil; Paid employment; n=7, 7	Brazil; Other; n=8, 7	Colombia; Farming; n=2, 2	Colombia; Paid employment; n=1, 1	Peru; Housework; n=18, 18	Peru, Farming; n=4, 4	Peru; Student; n=3, 3	Peru; Paid employment; n=1, 1	Peru; Other; n=7, 7	Thailand; Farming; n=1, 1	Vietnam; Farming; n=4, 4	Vietnam; Paid employment; n=0, 3
First Malaria Relapse Follow-up	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	15	4	2	1	6	1	1	2

Number of Participants With Abnormal Urinalysis Dipstick Results

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Brazil; Housework; n=2, 1	Brazil; Farming; n=1, 1	Brazil; Student; n=1, 1	Brazil; Paid employment; n=7, 7	Brazil; Other; n=8, 7	Colombia; Housework; n=1, 0	Colombia; Farming; n=2, 2	Colombia; Paid employment; n=1, 1	Peru; Housework; n=18, 18	Peru, Farming; n=4, 4	Peru; Student; n=3, 3	Peru; Paid employment; n=1, 1	Peru; Other; n=7, 7	Thailand; Farming; n=1, 1	Vietnam; Farming; n=4, 4
First Malaria Relapse	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	14	4	2	1	7	1	3

Mid-stream urine was collected and analyzed for bilirubin, glucose, ketones, leukocyte esterase (LE), nitrites, occult blood, proteins and urobilinogen by dipstick method. The number of participants with abnormal urinalysis results (Trace, +, ++, +++, ++++) has been presented. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 120

Number of Participants With Action Taken to Treat Relapse Episode of P. Vivax Malaria

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Bilirubin, Day 1, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 1, +	Bilirubin, Day1, ++	Bilirubin, Day 3, +	Bilirubin, Day 3, ++	Bilirubin, Day 5, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 5, +	Bilirubin, Day 8, +	Bilirubin, Day 11, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 22, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 22, +	Bilirubin, Day 60, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 60, +	Bilirubin, Day 90, +	Bilirubin, Day 120, +	Glucose, Day 1, +	Glucose, Day 1, ++	Glucose, Day1, +++	Glucose, Day1, ++++	Glucose, Day 3, +	Glucose, Day 3, ++	Glucose, Day 3, +++	Glucose, Day 3, ++++	Glucose, Day 5, ++	Glucose, Day 5, +++	Glucose, Day 8, +	Glucose, Day 8, ++	Glucose, Day 8,+++	Glucose, Day 11, Trace	Glucose, Day 11, +	Glucose, Day 11, ++	Glucose, Day 11, +++	Glucose, Day 15, ++	Glucose, Day 15, +++	Glucose, Day 15, ++++	Glucose, Day 22, +	Glucose, Day 22, +++	Glucose, Day 29, Trace	Glucose, Day 29, ++	Glucose, Day 60, +	Glucose, Day 60, ++	Glucose, Day 90, +	Glucose, Day 90, ++	Glucose, Day 90, +++	Glucose, Day 120, Trace	Glucose, Day 120, +	Glucose, Day 120, ++	Glucose, Day 120, +++	Glucose, Day 120, ++++	Ketones, Day 1, Trace	Ketones, Day 1, +	Ketones, Day1, ++	Ketones, Day1, +++	Ketones, Day 3, Trace	Ketones, Day 3, +	Ketones, Day 3, ++	Ketones, Day 3, +++	Ketones, Day 5, +	Ketones, Day 8, +	Ketones, Day 11, Trace	Ketones, Day 22, Trace	Ketones, Day 22, +	Ketones, Day 90, Trace
PQ+CQ	1	2	0	3	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	2	0	1	1	0	1	2	1	0	2	4	1	1	1	1	0	1	2	2	0	0	2	3	1	1	3	2	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
TQ+CQ	1	9	3	8	2	1	4	0	1	0	1	0	2	0	3	2	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	3	4	4	2	0	5	3	3	1	1	1	1	1	2

Health outcomes were evaluated based on the actions taken by the participants to treat relapse episode of P vivax malaria. The number of participants with the type of action taken to treat relapse episode of P vivax malaria has been presented by country. Participants may be represented in more than one category, so the total number of participants may be less than the number quoted. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants With Change in Best Corrected Visual Acuity Test Scores

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Brazil; Trial clinic; n=19, 17	Brazil; Other; n=19, 17	Colombia; Nothing; n=4, 3	Colombia; Trial clinic; n=4, 3	Colombia; Another clinic; n=4, 3	Colombia; Hospital emergency center; n=4, 3	Peru; Trial clinic; n=33, 33	Peru; Another clinic; n=33, 33	Peru; Other; n=33, 33	Thailand; Nothing; n=1, 1	Thailand; Trial Clinic; n=1, 1	Vietnam; Nothing; n=4, 7	Vietnam; Drug Shop; n=4, 7	Vietnam; Other; n=4, 7	Vietnam; Another clinic; n=4, 7
First Malaria Relapse	19	5	2	1	1	1	32	8	9	1	0	1	2	1	0
First Malaria Relapse Follow-up	17	0	2	0	0	1	33	33	0	0	1	5	2	0	1

Ophthalmic assessments were carried out at pre-qualified sites prior to randomization and at Days 29 and 90 and at withdrawal. Assessments were carried out at Day 180 if the Day 90 assessments showed abnormalities. The last assessment performed on the day of randomization or earlier was considered Baseline. Change from Baseline is the value at post dose visit minus the Baseline value. Best corrected visual acuity was assessed individually for each eye. Scores were recorded as a ratio. The values were used to derive a logMAR score for statistical analysis where logMAR=-1x log10 (ratio score). The number of participants with change in Best Corrected Visual Acuity Test Scores from Baseline has been presented where possible change is defined as a change from Baseline >=0.12 to <0.3 and definite change is defined as a change from Baseline >=0.3 logMAR score. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 180

Number of Participants With Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Data Outside the Reference Range

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Maximum change; possible; right eye; n=27, 13	Maximum change; definite; right eye; n=27, 13	Maximum change; possible; left eye; n=27, 13	Maximum change; definite; left eye; n=27, 13	Day 29; possible change; right eye; n=27, 13	Day 29; definite change; right eye; n=27, 13	Day 29; possible change; left eye; n=27, 13	Day 29; definite change; left eye; n=27, 13	Day 90; possible change; right eye; n=27, 12	Day 90; definite change; right eye; n=27, 12	Day 90; possible change; left eye; n=27, 12	Day 90; definite change; left eye; n=27, 12	Day 180; possible change; right eye; n=2, 2	Day 180; definite change; right eye; n=2, 2	Day 180; possible change; left eye; n=2, 2	Day 180; definite change; left eye; n=2, 2
PQ+CQ	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
TQ+CQ	1	0	2	1	1	0	2	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	0

Plasma or serum samples were anlalyzed to evaluate clinical chemistry parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, creatine kinase, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), indirect bilirubin and urea. The number of participants with clinical chemistry laboratory values outside the extended normal range (F3) has been presented. The upper and lower limits for F3 range were defined by multiplying the normal range limits by different factors. High and low indicated that the participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. Safety Population consisted of all randomized participants who received at least one dose of blinded study medication. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 120

Number of Participants With Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	ALT, High	ALP, High	AST, High	Bilirubin, High	Creatine kinase, High	Creatinine, High	GFR, Low	Indirect bilirubin, High	Urea, High
PQ+CQ	0	1	3	18	4	0	0	21	19
TQ+CQ	8	0	6	28	3	0	0	36	40

12 lead ECG was performed with the participant in a semi-supine position having rested in this position for at least 10 minutes. ECG assessments were performed in triplicate at screening followed by single ECGs 12 hours after the first dose of study medication and at Day 29. The number of participants with abnormal-clinically significant ECG findings have been presented. The 12 Hour Post Randomized Treatment (11.5-12.5 Hours) timepoint included all readings taken between 11.5 and 12.5 hours post randomized treatment. The 12 Hour Post Randomized Treatment (8-72 Hours) timepoint is a sensitivity analysis of the 12 Hour post randomized treatment timepoint, including all readings taken between 8 and 72 hours post randomized treatment. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 29

Number of Participants With Genetically Homologous and Genetically Heterologous P. Vivax Infections

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	11.5 to 12.5 hours Day 1, Assessment 1; n=143, 75	11.5 to 12.5 hours Day 1 Assessment 2; n=6, 6	11.5 to 12.5 hours Day 1 Assessment 3; n=5, 5	8 to 72 hours Day 1 Assessment 1; n=166, 85	8 to 72 hours Day 1 Assessment 2; n=6, 6	8 to 72 hours Day 1 Assessment 3; n=5, 5	Day 29; n=161, 84
PQ+CQ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TQ+CQ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Two drops of peripheral blood were collected onto pre-printed filter paper for subsequent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of Plasmodium species on all participants at screening (Day 1; pre-dose) and; if necessary, at the time of the first recrudescence/relapse or re-infection. PCR of the P. vivax genes, was used to distinguish between genetically homologous and genetically heterologous infection. The number of participants with genetically homologous and genetically heterologous P. vivax infections has been summarized for each treatment group. Only those participants with an infection occuring on or after Study Day 33 were analyzed. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants With Hematology Laboratory Data Outside the Reference Range

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Heterologous P. vivax	Homologous P. vivax	Unknown genetic classification
PQ+CQ	9	10	1
TQ+CQ	8	29	5

Blood samples were collected for the evaluation of hematology parameters including eosinophils, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, reticulocytes and methemoglobin. The number of participants with hematology laboratory data outside the extended normal range (F3) has been presented. The upper and lower limits for F3 range were defined by multiplying the normal range limits by different factors. High and low indicated that the participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. Participants having both High and Low values for Normal Ranges at any post-baseline visits for safety parameters were counted in both the High and Low categories. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 120

Number of Participants With Keratopathy

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Blood eosinophils, High	Blood leukocytes, Low	Blood lymphocytes, Low	Blood lymphocytes, High	Blood neutrophils, Low	Blood platelets, Low	Blood reticulocytes, High	Methemoglobin, High
PQ+CQ	15	0	1	4	3	8	39	3
TQ+CQ	32	0	8	11	5	13	80	2

Ophthalmic assessments were carried out at pre-qualified sites prior to randomization and at Days 29 and 90 and at withdrawal follow-up visit. Assessments were carried out at Day 180 (and up to resolution) if the Day 90 assessments showed abnormalities. The last assessment performed on the day of randomization or earlier was considered Baseline. The number of participants displaying keratopathy in each eye has been summarized for each visit. The number of participants with new keratopathy at any time post Baseline is also reported. Ophthalmic Safety Population comprised of all participants in the Safety Population who have results from any eye assessments. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Number of Participants With Retinal Changes From Baseline

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Baseline; right eye; n=27, 13	Baseline; left eye; n=27, 13	Day 1; right eye; n=27, 13	Day 1; left eye; n=27, 13	Day 29; right eye; n=27, 13	Day 29; left eye; n=27, 13	Day 90; right eye; n=27, 12	Day 90; left eye; n=27, 12	Day 180; right eye; n=2, 2	Day 180; left eye; n=2, 2	Any time post Baseline; right eye; n=27, 13	Any time post Baseline; left eye; n=27, 13
PQ+CQ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TQ+CQ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Ophthalmic assessments were carried out at pre-qualified sites prior to randomization and at Days 29 and 90 and at withdrawal follow-up. Assessments were carried out at Day 180 (and up to resolution) if the Day 90 assessments showed abnormalities. The last assessment performed on the day of randomization or earlier was considered Baseline. Change from Baseline was calculated as the value at post dose visit minus the Baseline value. The number of participants with definite retinal change and questionable (ques) retinal change from Baseline has been presented. The number of participants with maximum change post-Baseline (definite when absent or questionable at Baseline) has been presented for either eye. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in category title). (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 180

Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious TEAEs

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Day 29, Definite change, right eye; n=22, 13	Day 29, Ques change, right eye; n=22, 13	Day 29, Definite change, left eye; n=22, 13	Day 29, Ques change, left eye; n=22, 13	Day 90, Definite change, right eye; n=24, 11	Day 90, Ques change, right eye; n=24, 11	Day 90, Definite change, left eye; n=24, 11	Day 90, Ques change, left eye; n=24, 11	Day 180, Definite change, right eye; n=3, 2	Day 180, Ques change, right eye; n=3, 2	Day 180, Definite change, left eye; n=3, 2	Day 180, Ques change, left eye; n=3, 2	Maximum change post-Baseline; either eye; n=27, 13
PQ+CQ	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TQ+CQ	0	2	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant under clinical investigation, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Serious adverse event (SAE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/ birth defect, other situations such as important medical events and events of possible drug induced liver injury with hyperbilirubinemia. TEAEs are defined as AEs with an onset date and time on or after that of the start of first dose of study medication (including CQ). Number of participants with TEAEs and serious TEAEs have been presented. (NCT02216123)
Timeframe: Up to Day 180

Reviews

32 reviews available for primaquine and Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Trials

11 trials available for primaquine and Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Other Studies

199 other studies available for primaquine and Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Bilirubin, Day 1, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 1, +	Bilirubin, Day1, ++	Bilirubin, Day 3, +	Bilirubin, Day 3, ++	Bilirubin, Day 5, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 5, +	Bilirubin, Day 8, +	Bilirubin, Day 11, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 22, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 22, +	Bilirubin, Day 60, Trace	Bilirubin, Day 60, +	Bilirubin, Day 90, +	Bilirubin, Day 120, +	Glucose, Day 1, +	Glucose, Day 1, ++	Glucose, Day1, +++	Glucose, Day1, ++++	Glucose, Day 3, +	Glucose, Day 3, ++	Glucose, Day 3, +++	Glucose, Day 3, ++++	Glucose, Day 5, ++	Glucose, Day 5, +++	Glucose, Day 8, +	Glucose, Day 8, ++	Glucose, Day 8,+++	Glucose, Day 11, Trace	Glucose, Day 11, +	Glucose, Day 11, ++	Glucose, Day 11, +++	Glucose, Day 15, ++	Glucose, Day 15, +++	Glucose, Day 15, ++++	Glucose, Day 22, +	Glucose, Day 22, +++	Glucose, Day 29, Trace	Glucose, Day 29, ++	Glucose, Day 60, +	Glucose, Day 60, ++	Glucose, Day 90, +	Glucose, Day 90, ++	Glucose, Day 90, +++	Glucose, Day 120, Trace	Glucose, Day 120, +	Glucose, Day 120, ++	Glucose, Day 120, +++	Glucose, Day 120, ++++	Ketones, Day 1, Trace	Ketones, Day 1, +	Ketones, Day1, ++	Ketones, Day1, +++	Ketones, Day 3, Trace	Ketones, Day 3, +	Ketones, Day 3, ++	Ketones, Day 3, +++	Ketones, Day 5, +	Ketones, Day 8, +	Ketones, Day 11, Trace	Ketones, Day 22, Trace	Ketones, Day 22, +	Ketones, Day 90, Trace	Ketones, Day 90, +	Ketones, Day 90, ++	Ketones, Day 120, Trace	Ketones, Day 120, +	Ketones, Day 120, ++	LE, Day 1, Trace	LE, Day 1, +	LE, Day1, ++	LE, Day1, +++	LE, Day 3, Trace	LE, Day 3, +	LE, Day 3, ++	LE, Day 3, +++	LE, Day 5, Trace	LE, Day 5, +	LE, Day 5, ++	LE, Day 5, +++	LE, Day 8, Trace	LE, Day 8, +	LE, Day 8, ++	LE, Day 8, +++	LE, Day 11, Trace	LE, Day 11, +	LE, Day 11, ++	LE, Day 11, +++	LE, Day 15, Trace	LE, Day 15, +	LE, Day 15, ++	LE, Day 15, +++	LE, Day 22, Trace	LE, Day 22, +	LE, Day 22, ++	LE, Day 22, +++	LE, Day 29, Trace	LE, Day 29, +	LE, Day 29, ++	LE, Day 29, +++	LE, Day 60, Trace	LE, Day 60, +	LE, Day 60, ++	LE, Day 60, +++	LE, Day 90, Trace	LE, Day 90, +	LE, Day 90, ++	LE, Day 90, +++	LE, Day 120, Trace	LE, Day 120, +	LE, Day 120, ++	LE, Day 120, +++	Nitrite, Day 1, Trace	Nitrite, Day 1, +	Nitrite, Day 3, +	Nitrite, Day 5, +	Nitrite, Day 5, +++	Nitrite, Day 8, +++	Nitrite, Day 11, +	Nitrite, Day 15, +	Nitrite, Day 22, Trace	Nitrite, Day 29, +	Nitrite, Day 60, +	Nitrite, Day 90, Trace	Nitrite, Day 90, +	Nitrite, Day 120, +	Nitrite, Day 120, ++	Occult blood, Day 1, Trace	Occult blood, Day 1, +	Occult blood, Day 1, ++	Occult blood, Day1, +++	Occult blood, Day1, ++++	Occult blood, Day 3, Trace	Occult blood, Day 3, +	Occult blood, Day 3, ++	Occult blood, Day 3, +++	Occult blood, Day 3, ++++	Occult blood, Day 5, Trace	Occult blood, Day 5, +	Occult blood, Day 5, ++	Occult blood, Day 5, +++	Occult blood, Day 5, ++++	Occult blood, Day 8, Trace	Occult blood, Day 8, +	Occult blood, Day 8, ++	Occult blood, Day 8,+++	Occult blood, Day 11, Trace	Occult blood, Day 11, +	Occult blood, Day 11, ++	Occult blood, Day 11, +++	Occult blood, Day 11, ++++	Occult blood, Day 15, Trace	Occult blood, Day 15, +	Occult blood, Day 15, ++	Occult blood, Day 15, +++	Occult blood, Day 15, ++++	Occult blood, Day 22, Trace	Occult blood, Day 22, +	Occult blood, Day 22, ++	Occult blood, Day 22, +++	Occult blood, Day 22, ++++	Occult blood, Day 29, Trace	Occult blood, Day 29, +	Occult blood, Day 29, ++	Occult blood, Day 29, +++	Occult blood, Day 29, ++++	Occult blood, Day 60, Trace	Occult blood, Day 60, +	Occult blood, Day 60, ++	Occult blood, Day 60, +++	Occult blood, Day 60, ++++	Occult blood, Day 90, Trace	Occult blood, Day 90, +	Occult blood, Day 90, ++	Occult blood, Day 90, +++	Occult blood, Day 90, ++++	Occult blood, Day 120, Trace	Occult blood, Day 120, +	Occult blood, Day 120, ++	Occult blood, Day 120, +++	Occult blood, Day 120, ++++	Protein, Day 1, Trace	Protein, Day 1, +	Protein, Day1, ++	Protein, Day 3, Trace	Protein, Day 3, +	Protein, Day 3, ++	Protein, Day 5, Trace	Protein, Day 5, +	Protein, Day 5, ++	Protein, Day 8, Trace	Protein, Day 8, +	Protein, Day 8,++	Protein, Day 11, Trace	Protein, Day 11, +	Protein, Day 11, ++	Protein, Day 15, +	Protein, Day 15, ++	Protein, Day 22, Trace	Protein, Day 22, +	Protein, Day 22, ++	Protein, Day 29, Trace	Protein, Day 29, +	Protein, Day 29, ++	Protein, Day 60, Trace	Protein, Day 60, +	Protein, Day 60, ++	Protein, Day 90, Trace	Protein Day 90, +	Protein, Day 120, Trace	Protein, Day 120, +	Protein, Day 120, ++	Urobilinogen, Day 1, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 1, +	Urobilinogen, Day1, ++	Urobilinogen, Day1, +++	Urobilinogen, Day 3, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 3, +	Urobilinogen, Day 3, ++	Urobilinogen Day 3, +++	Urobilinogen, Day 3, ++++	Urobilinogen, Day 5, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 5, +	Urobilinogen, Day 8, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 8, +	Urobilinogen, Day 8, ++	Urobilinogen, Day 8,+++	Urobilinogen, Day 11, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 11, +	Urobilinogen, Day 11, ++	Urobilinogen, Day 15, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 15, +	Urobilinogen, Day 15, ++	Urobilinogen, Day 22, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 29, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 29, +	Urobilinogen, Day 60, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 60, +	Urobilinogen, Day 90, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 90, +	Urobilinogen, Day 120, Trace	Urobilinogen, Day 120, +	Urobilinogen, Day 120, ++
PQ+CQ	1	2	0	3	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	2	0	1	1	0	1	2	1	0	2	4	1	1	1	1	0	1	2	2	0	0	2	3	1	1	3	2	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	9	2	2	0	5	1	0	1	4	2	2	3	4	1	2	2	3	3	1	2	8	3	1	2	4	0	1	0	6	4	0	3	4	2	1	1	7	2	1	1	3	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	4	7	4	2	1	3	6	3	3	1	1	3	3	2	2	4	4	0	2	1	3	2	0	1	1	2	2	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	2	5	1	4	0	0	7	3	0	0	1	7	2	3	2	2	5	3	0	2	8	8	1	6	13	1	5	1	1	4	2	0	3	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	2	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	5	4	1	2	11	4	3	1	1	2	2	2	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1
TQ+CQ	1	9	3	8	2	1	4	0	1	0	1	0	2	0	3	2	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	3	4	4	2	0	5	3	3	1	1	1	1	1	2	0	1	1	1	1	3	19	5	1	4	13	2	1	3	11	3	3	7	10	6	2	6	11	3	3	8	4	4	2	4	13	3	1	5	11	1	4	8	8	5	2	6	13	2	0	5	12	5	0	1	4	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	2	3	0	2	2	1	2	18	9	12	6	4	14	9	5	3	4	7	6	4	3	4	12	3	3	2	8	3	3	1	2	11	3	2	0	4	11	4	2	1	5	17	3	3	1	5	15	2	3	1	4	13	7	4	2	2	13	3	6	0	15	19	4	8	21	3	5	4	2	6	6	1	1	4	1	2	1	2	2	1	3	4	1	3	3	1	4	3	2	6	1	8	23	10	3	6	14	8	0	0	3	3	2	0	0	0	1	2	0	3	1	1	3	4	2	3	1	4	3	2	2	0

Article	Year
Performance of the Access Bio/CareStart rapid diagnostic test for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 2019, Volume: 16, Issue:12 Topics: Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Endemic Diseases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphat	2019
Tafenoquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2020, 09-06, Volume: 9 Topics: Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Drug Administration Schedule; Glucosephosphate D	2020
Malaria and diabetes. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2017, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency	2017
Safety of primaquine given to people with G6PD deficiency: systematic review of prospective studies. Malaria journal, 2017, 08-22, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; H	2017
Review and drug therapy implications of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2018, 02-01, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Humans; Methyl	2018
Primaquine or other 8-aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 02-02, Volume: 2 Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Child; Chloroquine; Drug Combinations; Glucosephosphate Dehydrog	2018
Primaquine-induced haemolysis in females heterozygous for G6PD deficiency. Malaria journal, 2018, Mar-02, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Antimalarials; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Heterozygote; Humans; M	2018
Use of primaquine and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency testing: Divergent policies and practices in malaria endemic countries. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Humans; Ma	2018
The Primaquine Problem-and the Solution? Point-of-care Diagnostics for Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019, 09-27, Volume: 69, Issue:8 Topics: Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Malaria, Vivax; Plasmodium vivax; Point-of-Care S	2019
The haematological consequences of Plasmodium vivax malaria after chloroquine treatment with and without primaquine: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. BMC medicine, 2019, 08-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficie	2019
Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions. Malaria journal, 2013, Nov-15, Volume: 12 Topics: Antimalarials; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Global Health; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Defi	2013
Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions. Malaria journal, 2013, Nov-15, Volume: 12 Topics: Antimalarials; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Global Health; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Defi	2013
Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions. Malaria journal, 2013, Nov-15, Volume: 12 Topics: Antimalarials; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Global Health; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Defi	2013
Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions. Malaria journal, 2013, Nov-15, Volume: 12 Topics: Antimalarials; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Global Health; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Defi	2013
G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications. British journal of haematology, 2014, Volume: 164, Issue:4 Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Antimalarials; Dapsone; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficienc	2014
Mass primaquine treatment to eliminate vivax malaria: lessons from the past. Malaria journal, 2014, Feb-07, Volume: 13 Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antimalarials; Asia; Chemoprevention; Disease Eradication; Drug Therapy; Glucosep	2014
Clinical complications of G6PD deficiency in Latin American and Caribbean populations: systematic review and implications for malaria elimination programmes. Malaria journal, 2014, Feb-25, Volume: 13 Topics: Caribbean Region; Disease Eradication; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Humans;	2014
Primaquine or other 8-aminoquinoline for reducing P. falciparum transmission. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014, Jun-30, Issue:6 Topics: Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Chloroquine; Drug Combinations; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogen	2014
G6PD deficiency in Latin America: systematic review on prevalence and variants. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2014, Volume: 109, Issue:5 Topics: Antimalarials; Caribbean Region; Contraindications; Female; Geographic Mapping; Glucosephosphate Deh	2014
Primaquine: the risks and the benefits. Malaria journal, 2014, Nov-03, Volume: 13 Topics: Antimalarials; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Pr	2014
Primaquine or other 8-aminoquinoline for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Feb-19, Issue:2 Topics: Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Chloroquine; Drug Combinations; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogen	2015
Tafenoquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Apr-29, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Malaria, V	2015
Origins and implications of neglect of G6PD deficiency and primaquine toxicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Pathogens and global health, 2015, Volume: 109, Issue:3 Topics: Anemia; Antimalarials; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Defici	2015
Primaquine for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012, Sep-12, Issue:9 Topics: Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Chloroquine; Drug Combinations; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogen	2012
Rationale for recommending a lower dose of primaquine as a Plasmodium falciparum gametocytocide in populations where G6PD deficiency is common. Malaria journal, 2012, Dec-14, Volume: 11 Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Anopheles; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Drug Therapy, Combination	2012
G6PD deficiency: global distribution, genetic variants and primaquine therapy. Advances in parasitology, 2013, Volume: 81 Topics: Antimalarials; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Malaria, Vivax; Mutation; Prevalen	2013
[PHARMACOGENETICS]. Die Medizinische Welt, 1964, Jan-04, Volume: 33 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Atropine; Cleft Palate; Cortisone; Genetics; Glucosephosphate Dehydroge	1964
[METHEMOGLOBINEMIA, HEMOLYSIS AND FORMATION OF HEINZ BODIES IN THE ERYTHROCYTES]. Lekarska veda v zahranici, 1964, Jan-17, Volume: 38 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Catalase; Erythrocytes;	1964
[Red cell enzyme deficiencies - clinical manifestation and pathophysiology (author's transl)]. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde, 1981, Volume: 129, Issue:8 Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic; Child; Erythrocytes; Favism; Glucos	1981
[Primaquine and travelers from the Arab world. A report and recommendations]. Revista cubana de medicina tropical, 1995, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Antimalarials; Arabs; Cuba; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hum	1995
Iatrogenic disease, drug metabolism, and cell injury: lethal synthesis in man. Federation proceedings, 1977, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Biotransformation; Cell Survival; Chloroform; Diet; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions;	1977
Recent progress in pharmacogenetics. Advances in pharmacology, 1969, Volume: 7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Antipyrine; Asian People; Child, Preschool; Cholinesterases; C	1969
Genetic determimants in drug action. Advances in biology of skin, 1972, Volume: 12 Topics: Acetylation; Acetyltransferases; Cholinesterases; Coumarins; Dealkylation; Drug Resistance; Genes; G	1972
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: mechanisms of drug-induced hemolysis. Experimental eye research, 1971, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Antimalarials; Catalase; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Eryt	1971
[Clinical significance of pharmacogenetics]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1967, May-05, Volume: 92, Issue:18 Topics: Acetylesterase; Cholinesterases; Genetics, Medical; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Human	1967

Article	Year
Safety of age-dosed, single low-dose primaquine in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency who are infected with Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, n The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Antimalarials; Artemether; Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; Child; Democratic Republic of	2023
Safety of age-dosed, single low-dose primaquine in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency who are infected with Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, n The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Antimalarials; Artemether; Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; Child; Democratic Republic of	2023
Safety of age-dosed, single low-dose primaquine in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency who are infected with Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, n The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Antimalarials; Artemether; Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; Child; Democratic Republic of	2023
Safety of age-dosed, single low-dose primaquine in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency who are infected with Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, n The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Antimalarials; Artemether; Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; Child; Democratic Republic of	2023
Weekly primaquine for radical cure of patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2023, Volume: 17, Issue:9 Topics: Afghanistan; Biological Assay; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Malaria, V	2023
Factors affecting haemoglobin dynamics in African children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with single low-dose primaquine or placebo. BMC medicine, 2023, 10-20, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: alpha-Thalassemia; Antimalarials; Artemether; Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; Child; Chil	2023
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 01-17, Volume: 380, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind	2019
The tolerability of single low dose primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate deficient and normal falciparum-infected Cambodians. BMC infectious diseases, 2019, Mar-12, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Cambodia; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glu	2019
Single Low Dose Primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) Does Not Cause Clinically Significant Haemolysis in G6PD Deficient Subjects. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucosephos	2016
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
In Tanzania, hemolysis after a single dose of primaquine coadministered with an artemisinin is not restricted to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PD A-) individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Artesunate; Child; Child, Preschool; Dru	2010
The treatment of malaria in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients in Sabah. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology, 1981, Volume: 75, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Antimalarials; Child; Chloroquine; Drug Combinations; Female;	1981
Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 1999, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Acridine Orange; Antimalarials; Case-Control Studies; Contraindications; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; G	1999
The haemolytic effect of various regimens of primaquine with chloroquine in American Negroes with G6PD deficiency and the lack of an effect of various antimalarial suppressive agents on erythrocyte metabolism. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1967, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antimalarials; Black or African American; Chloroquine; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1967
Studies on the effect of clinical dosages of chlorpromazine and other neurotropics on primaquine-sensitive Negro mental patients. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1966, Volume: 143, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Black or African American; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Demen	1966