prilocaine and Cyanosis studies

Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.
prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.

Cyanosis: A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Neonatal methemoglobinemia is a rare and potentially fatal complication of local anesthetics, particularly prilocaine, administered to the mother during childbirth."	8.02	[Unexplained cyanosis in two newborns: neonatal methemoglobinemia after maternal perineal infiltration of prilocaine]. ( Alers, NO; Leijten, A; Ten Brink, F; van de Laar, R; van der Heijden, HHACM; Wieland, BV, 2021)
"Methemoglobinemia is reviewed briefly with particular reference to prilocaine."	7.66	Life-threatening toxic methemoglobinemia induced by prilocaine. ( Kinni, ME; Kreutz, RW, 1983)
"Prilocaine is a widely used local anesthetic and can cause methemoglobinemia in infants even in therapeutic doses."	5.37	[Acute cyanosis after transcatheter balloon valvuloplasty: toxic methemoglobinemia due to local prilocaine use]. ( Dindar, A; Ergül, Y; Kalkandelen, S; Nişli, K, 2011)
"Neonatal methemoglobinemia is a rare and potentially fatal complication of local anesthetics, particularly prilocaine, administered to the mother during childbirth."	4.02	[Unexplained cyanosis in two newborns: neonatal methemoglobinemia after maternal perineal infiltration of prilocaine]. ( Alers, NO; Leijten, A; Ten Brink, F; van de Laar, R; van der Heijden, HHACM; Wieland, BV, 2021)
" Due to the application of EMLA(R) on the injured skin and exceeding the recommended doses of prilocaine and lidocaine the child developed symptomatic methemoglobinemia."	3.75	[Methemoglobin intoxication by prilocaine in EMLA. Accidental intoxication of an infant with scald injuries]. ( Book, A; Fehlandt, C; Krija, M; Pappert, D; Radke, M, 2009)
"Methemoglobinemia is reviewed briefly with particular reference to prilocaine."	3.66	Life-threatening toxic methemoglobinemia induced by prilocaine. ( Kinni, ME; Kreutz, RW, 1983)
" They also should follow new recommended dosing guidelines for prilocaine and be aware of symptoms of this adverse reaction."	2.40	When patients become cyanotic: acquired methemoglobinemia. ( Lloyd, LM; Wilburn-Goo, D, 1999)
"Prilocaine was administered during the procedure."	1.46	A rare cause of cyanosis and hypoxia that should not be forgotten after implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. ( Aytemir, K; Bahadır, N; Canpolat, U; Şahiner, L, 2017)
"Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially lethal complication of local anesthetics."	1.46	Transient Methemoglobinemia in three Neonates due to Maternal Pudendal Anesthesia. ( Arslan, Z; Bas, AY; Celik, IH; Demirel, N; Erol, S, 2017)
"Prilocaine is a widely used local anesthetic and can cause methemoglobinemia in infants even in therapeutic doses."	1.37	[Acute cyanosis after transcatheter balloon valvuloplasty: toxic methemoglobinemia due to local prilocaine use]. ( Dindar, A; Ergül, Y; Kalkandelen, S; Nişli, K, 2011)

Research

Studies (22)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Delta Methemoglobin Blood Level

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	11 (50.00)	18.7374
1990's	1 (4.55)	18.2507
2000's	2 (9.09)	29.6817
2010's	7 (31.82)	24.3611
2020's	1 (4.55)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Wieland, BV	1
Leijten, A	1
van der Heijden, HHACM	1
van de Laar, R	1
Ten Brink, F	1
Alers, NO	1
Canpolat, U	1
Bahadır, N	1
Şahiner, L	1
Aytemir, K	1
Erol, S	1
Arslan, Z	1
Celik, IH	1
Bas, AY	1
Demirel, N	1
Shamriz, O	1
Cohen-Glickman, I	1
Reif, S	1
Shteyer, E	1
Kizilyildiz, BS	1
Sönmez, B	1
Karaman, K	1
Caksen, H	2
Book, A	1
Fehlandt, C	1
Krija, M	1
Radke, M	1
Pappert, D	1
Tentindo, G	1
Rosenberg, M	1
Akbayram, S	1
Akgün, C	1
Doğan, M	1
Gündogdu, M	1
Oner, AF	1
Ergül, Y	1
Nişli, K	1
Kalkandelen, S	1
Dindar, A	1
SCOTT, DB	1
OWEN, JA	1
RICHMOND, J	1
DALY, DJ	1
DAVENPORT, J	1
NEWLAND, MC	1
HJELM, M	1
HOLMDAHL, MH	1
Aygencel, SG	1
Akinci, E	1
Pamukcu, G	1
Adamson, DH	2
Spoerel, WE	2
Eberhard, RS	1
Kreutz, RW	1
Kinni, ME	1
Duncan, PG	1
Kobrinsky, N	1
Wilburn-Goo, D	1
Lloyd, LM	1
Menahem, S	1
Ford, GR	1
Agnew, TM	1
Hirai, E	1
Nolte, H	1
Dudeck, J	1
Hultzsch, B	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Methemoglobin Levels in Generally Anesthetized Pediatric Dental Patients Receiving Prilocaine Versus Lidocaine[NCT01402869]		91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Change in percentage of methemoglobin in blood from baseline level to peak level (NCT01402869)
Timeframe: From administration of local anesthetic or start of restorative procedures to time at which maximum methemoglobin blood level was documented during dental treatment for an average of 2 hours

Peak Methemoglobin Blood Levels

Intervention	percentage of methemoglobin in blood (Mean)
Prilocaine	2.73
Lidocaine	0.78
No Local Anesthetic	0.76

The maximum percentage of methemoglobin in blood (NCT01402869)
Timeframe: Measured at 10 second intervals during dental treatment for an average of 2 hours

Time to Peak Methemoglobin Blood Levels

Intervention	percentage of methemoglobin in blood (Mean)
Prilocaine	3.55
Lidocaine	1.63
No Local Anesthetic	1.60

The length of time between the administration of local anesthetic (Prilocaine and Lidocaine Groups) or start of restorative dental procedures (No local anesthetic Group) and the time at which the maximum methemoglobin blood level is observed. (NCT01402869)
Timeframe: Measured at 10 second intervals during dental treatment for an average of 2 hours

Article	Year
Methemoglobinemia induced by lidocaine-prilocaine cream. The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ, 2014, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Local; Child; Cyanosis; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Lidoc	2014
When patients become cyanotic: acquired methemoglobinemia. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 1999, Volume: 130, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Benzocaine; Cyanosis; Drug Overdose; Huma	1999

Article	Year
[Unexplained cyanosis in two newborns: neonatal methemoglobinemia after maternal perineal infiltration of prilocaine]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2021, 07-01, Volume: 165 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Cyanosis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lidocaine; Methemoglobinemia; Prilocaine	2021
A rare cause of cyanosis and hypoxia that should not be forgotten after implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir, 2017, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cyanosis; Defibrillators, Implantable; Female; Humans; Hyp	2017
Transient Methemoglobinemia in three Neonates due to Maternal Pudendal Anesthesia. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:12 Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Cyanosis; Female; Fetal Blood; Human	2017
Toxic methemoglobinemia due to prilocaine use. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2010, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Ascorbic Acid; Circumcision, Male; Cyanosis; Humans; Infant; Male; Methemoglobin	2010
[Methemoglobin intoxication by prilocaine in EMLA. Accidental intoxication of an infant with scald injuries]. Der Anaesthesist, 2009, Volume: 58, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Topical; Anesthetics, Local; Bandages; Burns; Cyanosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Hum	2009
Methemoglobinemia and local anesthesia: what every dentist should know. Journal of the Massachusetts Dental Society, 2010,Summer, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Local; Antidotes; Benzocaine; Cyanosis; Disease Susceptibility; Hum	2010
Acquired methemoglobinemia due to application of prilocaine during circumcision. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2012, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Circumcision, Male; Cyanosis; Humans; Infant; Male;	2012
[Acute cyanosis after transcatheter balloon valvuloplasty: toxic methemoglobinemia due to local prilocaine use]. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Ascorbic Acid; Catheterization; Cyanosis; Female; Humans; Infant; Methemoglobine	2011
METHAEMOGLOBINAEMIA DUE TO PRILOCAINE. Lancet (London, England), 1964, Oct-03, Volume: 2, Issue:7362 Topics: Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Cyanosis; Humans; Lidocaine; Methemoglobinemia; Prilocaine; Toxicol	1964
METHAEMOGLOBINAEMIA FOLLOWING THE USE OF PRILOCAINE ("CITANEST"). A PRELIMINARY REPORT. British journal of anaesthesia, 1964, Volume: 36 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Aniline Compounds; Cyanosis; F	1964
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF AROMATIC AMINES. II. CYANOSIS, METHAEMOGLOBINAEMIA AND HEINZ-BODY FORMATION INDUCED BY A LOCAL ANAESTHETIC AGENT (PRILOCAINE). Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1965, Volume: 9 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Amines; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Bilirubin; Blood; Creatine; Cre	1965
Prilocaine induced methemoglobinemia. Saudi medical journal, 2006, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Cyanosis; Female; Hair Removal; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Prilocaine	2006
Methaemoglobin levels during continuous epidural analgesia using prilocaine (Citanest). Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1966, Volume: 23 Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cyanosis; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Methemoglobin; M	1966
The significance of methaemoglobinaemia induced by prilocaine (Citanest). Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1967, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Cyanosis; Humans; Methemoglobin; Methemoglobinemia; Oxygen Consumption; Prilocai	1967
Life-threatening toxic methemoglobinemia induced by prilocaine. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology, 1983, Volume: 56, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Cyanosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Prilocaine; Respiratory	1983
Prilocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in a newborn infant. Anesthesiology, 1983, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Cyanosis; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Inf	1983
Neonatal cyanosis, methaemoglobinaemia and haemolytic anaemia. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica, 1988, Volume: 77, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Cyanosis; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male;	1988
Methaemoglobinaemia following prilocaine local anaesthesia. The New Zealand medical journal, 1972, Volume: 76, Issue:483 Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Cardiac Catheterization; Circumcision, Male; Cyanosis; Diagnosis, Differential; D	1972
[Formation of methemoglobin by local anesthetics]. Kokubyo Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Stomatological Society, Japan, 1968, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Cyanosis; Humans; Methemoglobin; Methemoglobinemia; Prilocain	1968

prilocaine and Cyanosis