pregabalin and Pelvic-Pain

Adhesions are the most common cause of chronic abdominal pain after surgery. Surgical adhesiolysis can relieve symptoms in selected patients, but many require other treatments. The aim of this study is to evaluate analgesic treatments other than abdominal surgery in chronic pain related to adhesions.. A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Central. Studies with patients suffering from chronic postoperative pain related to adhesions and undergoing all types' analgesic treatment were included. The primary outcome was the number of patients who improved in pain at long-term follow-up (at least 1 year). Secondary outcomes included improvement in pain at 3 months follow-up, quality of life, and physical functioning.. Searches identified 3022 citations. Four studies were included, one trial, one cohort study, and two case reports. The primary outcome was not reported. In a small trial (. Low level of evidence is available regarding analgesic treatments of chronic abdominal and pelvic pain related to adhesions. The benefit of pregabalin is doubtful; nerve modulation is promising in a selected group.HighlightsAdhesions are a frequent cause of chronic abdominal and pelvic pain after surgery.Many patients are not good candidates for surgery (Adhesiolysis) or have relapses of pain.There is an important knowledge gap regarding non-surgical analgesic treatment.Analgesia in adhesion-related chronic abdominal pain after surgery.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Analgesia; Analgesics; Chronic Pain; Cohort Studies; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pain, Postoperative; Pelvic Pain; Pregabalin; Quality of Life; Tissue Adhesions

With over four million deliveries annually in the United States alone and a constant increase in cesarean delivery rate, childbirth is likely to have a huge impact on the occurrence of acute and possibly chronic postpartum pain. Recent awareness that chronic pain may occur after childbirth has prompted clinicians and researchers to investigate this topic. Current evidence points towards a relatively low incidence of chronic pain after cesarean delivery, with rates ranging between 1% and 18%. To provide a potential mechanistic explanation for the relatively low occurrence of chronic pain after cesarean delivery compared with that after other types of surgery, it has been proposed that endogenous secretion of oxytocin may confer specific protection. Clinical interventions to reduce the incidence and severity of chronic post-surgical pain have not been consistently effective. Likely explanations are that the drugs that have been investigated were truly ineffective or that the effect was too modest because with a low incidence of chronic pain, studies were likely to be underpowered and failed to demonstrate an effect. In addition, since not all women require preventive therapies, preoperative testing that may identify women vulnerable to pain may be highly beneficial. Further research is needed to identify valid models that predict persistent pain to allow targeted interventions to women most likely to benefit from more tailored anti-hyperalgesic therapies.

Topics: Acute Pain; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Cesarean Section; Chronic Pain; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Ketamine; Magnesium Sulfate; Nerve Block; Oxytocin; Pain, Postoperative; Parturition; Pelvic Pain; Peritoneum; Pregabalin; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Uterus

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a condition that is detrimental to the quality of life of men. Evidence suggests that it may have a neuropathic origin and therefore medications such as pregabalin might have a role in the controlling of symptoms.. The primary objective was to compare pregabalin to other modalities of pain relief to alleviate men's symptoms of CP/CPPS.The secondary objective was to assess the safety and effectiveness of pregabalin to improve various individual symptoms consistent with CP/CPPS.. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (1966 to May 2012), EMBASE (1980 to May 2012), CINAHL, clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, and reference lists of articles and abstracts from conference proceedings, without language restriction for pregabalin treatment of Class III prostatitis and CP/CPPS.. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pregabalin to placebo or other types of analgesics for the management of patients with CP/CPPS were included. Patients with known causes of pain/discomfort were excluded.. Only one RCT was included. The trial compared pregabalin to placebo for patients who had CP/CPPS.. For men who responded clinically (≥ 6-point improvement), there was no difference between the pregabalin (103/218; 47.2%) and placebo (38/106; 35.8%) arms (risk ratio (RR) 1.32; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.76). There was less pain with a higher point improvement in the pregabalin group compared to the placebo group (4.2 points versus 1.7 points, respectively; mean difference (MD) -2.3 points; 95% CI -4.0 to -0.7 points).Though 59% (191/324) of the patients developed side effects, no serious effects were experienced. There were significantly more neurologic side effects in the pregabalin group compared to the placebo group (38.5% (84/218) versus 22.6% (24/106), respectively; RR 1.7; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.51), and less pain in the pregabalin group than in the placebo group (17.4% (38/218) versus 33.3% (35/106), respectively; RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.78). However, no significant differences were seen between the pregabalin and placebo groups with regards to gastrointestinal disturbances (18.3% (40/218) versus 18.9% (20/106), respectively; RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.58), ocular/visual symptoms (6.9% (15/218) versus 2.8% (3/106), respectively; RR 2.43; 95% CI 0.72 to 8.22), and renal/genitourinary symptoms (5.5% (12/218) versus 1.9% (2/106), respectively; RR 3.03; 95% CI 0.67 to 13.79).. There is evidence from one RCT that pregabalin does not improve CP/CPPS symptoms and causes adverse effects in a large percentage of men. However, research is required to assess further whether pregabalin has a role in patients with CP/CPPS for symptom control.

Topics: Analgesics; Chronic Disease; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Pelvic Pain; Pregabalin; Prostatitis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Evidence suggests that the urogenital pain of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) may be neuropathic.. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted across 10 tertiary care centers in North America to determine whether pregabalin, which has been proved effective in other chronic pain syndromes, is effective in reducing CP/CPPS symptoms. In 2006-2007, 324 men with pelvic pain for at least 3 of the previous 6 months were enrolled in this study. Men were randomly assigned to receive pregabalin or placebo in a 2:1 ratio and were treated for 6 weeks. Pregabalin dosage was increased from 150 to 600 mg/d during the first 4 weeks. The primary outcome was a 6-point decrease in the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) total score. Multiple secondary outcomes were assessed.. Of 218 men assigned to receive pregabalin, 103 (47.2%) reported at least a 6-point decrease in the NIH-CPSI total score at 6 weeks compared with 35.8% (38 of 106 men) assigned to receive placebo (P = .07, exact Mantel-Haenszel test, adjusting for clinical sites). Compared with the placebo group, men assigned to receive pregabalin experienced reductions in the NIH-CPSI total score and subscores (P < .05), a higher Global Response Assessment response rate (31.2% and 18.9%; P = .02), and improvement in total McGill Pain Questionnaire score (P = .01). Results for the other outcomes did not differ between groups.. Pregabalin therapy for 6 weeks was not superior to placebo use in the rate of a 6-point decrease (improvement) in the NIH-CPSI total score in men with CP/CPPS.. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00371033.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Canada; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Method; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hospitals, University; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pelvic Pain; Pregabalin; Prostatitis; Treatment Outcome; United States

Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) is most often used as a nonbacterial model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain. We investigated the development of chronic pelvic pain and inflammatory changes in rat EAP and examined the effect of a single treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors on the chronic pelvic pain.. EAP was induced in rats by intradermal injection of rat prostate antigen and complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 28. On day 42, after antigen injection, prostatic inflammatory changes, including the mRNA and protein levels of cytokines/chemokines, were measured and histological analysis of the prostate was performed. Pelvic pain was measured by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen. To confirm that this model is appropriate for evaluating pelvic pain, we tested two drugs, celecoxib and pregabalin, which are clinically used for the treatment of prostatitis-related pain. Subsequently, we examined the effects of single treatments with three phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, on pelvic pain in this model.. On day 42, after antigen injection, the mRNA levels of 44 of 84 kinds of cytokines/chemokines and their receptors increased significantly in EAP rats, as did the protein levels of seven of 23 kinds of cytokines/chemokines. Histological analysis revealed inflammation characterized by neutrophils and/or mononuclear cells in the glandular and stromal tissue of the ventral prostate from rats in the EAP group. Some animals in this group showed fibrosis and hemorrhage in the stromal tissue. Pelvic pain had developed in EAP rats, which was attenuated by a single treatment with celecoxib or pregabalin, suggesting that EAP is an appropriate model for prostatitis-related pain. A single treatment with any of the three PDE5 inhibitors tested attenuated the chronic pelvic pain.. Prostatitis leads to inflammatory changes in the prostate, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pelvic pain. PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, may have the ability to block chronic pelvic pain.

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Celecoxib; Chemokines; Chronic Pain; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Pelvic Pain; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; Pregabalin; Prostatitis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Tadalafil

Topics: Analgesics; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Pain, Postoperative; Pelvic Pain; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Pregabalin; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Diseases