prednisone and Libman-Sacks Disease studies

Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.
prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is often needed to manage disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy."	9.12	Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy. ( Clowse, ME; Magder, L; Petri, M; Witter, F, 2006)
"The objective was to assess the efficacy of therapy with danazol in refractory immune thrombocytopenia associated with different rheumatic diseases."	9.08	Successful therapy with danazol in refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with rheumatic diseases. ( Blanco, R; González-Gay, MA; Martinez-Taboada, VM; Rodriguez-Valverde, V; Sanchez-Andrade, A, 1997)
"We report a prospective randomized study of 39 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive glomerulonephritis who were assigned to treatment groups that received either prednisone alone or prednisone and cyclophosphamide combined."	9.04	Progressive lupus glomerulonephritis. Treatment with prednisone and combined prednisone and cyclophosphamide. ( Donadio, JV; Ferguson, RH; Holley, KE; Ilstrup, DM, 1976)
"Thirty-eight patients with diffuse glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus were randomly assigned to add cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or nothing to low-dose corticosteroid treatment and have been followed for a mean of 21/3 years thereafter."	9.04	Cyclophosphamide or azathioprine in lupus glomerulonephritis. A controlled trial: results at 28 months. ( Decker, JL; Klippel, JH; Plotz, PH; Steinberg, AD, 1975)
"A 61-year-old man developed clinical lupus syndrome with positive antinuclear antibody, positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell preparation, and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis following 26 months of procainamide therapy."	8.76	Glomerulonephritis in procainamide induced lupus erythematosus: report of a case and review of the literature. ( Erickson, DG; Foucar, E; Tung, KS, 1979)
" Growing evidence suggests that colchicine may be useful for acute or recurrent pericarditis."	7.81	Colchicine: a simple and effective treatment for pericarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus? A report of 10 cases. ( Bonjour, M; Costedoat-Chalumeau, N; Le Guern, V; Le Jeunne, C; Morel, N; Mouthon, L; Piette, JC, 2015)
"Homocysteine has been linked to atherosclerosis and hypertension (HT) in the general population."	7.80	Relationship between homocysteine levels and hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Díaz-Chamorro, A; Jiménez-Alonso, J; Martinez-Bordonado, J; Navarrete-Navarrete, N; Olvera-Porcel, C; Sabio, JM; Vargas-Hitos, JA; Zamora-Pasadas, M, 2014)
"To evaluate bone status in children born from mothers followed for autoimmune diseases and treated during pregnancy with low molecular weight heparin (LMVH) and/or prednisone."	7.80	Bone status of children born from mothers with autoimmune diseases treated during pregnancy with prednisone and/or low molecular weight heparin. ( Bellisai, F; Brandi, ML; Cantarini, L; Cavalli, L; Cimaz, R; Frediani, B; Galeazzi, M; Iuliano, A; la Marca, G; Pagnini, I; Simonini, G, 2014)
"A 75-year-female with a history of Isoniazid (INH) therapy for latent tuberculosis, was admitted with a 4-week duration of dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest pain."	7.77	Isoniazid (INH)-induced eosinophilic exudative pleural effusion and lupus erythematosus. A clinical reminder of drug side effects. ( Dahal, K; Khattri, S; Kushawaha, A; Lee, M; Mobarakai, N, 2011)
"To determine the relationship between current hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use and 2 indicators of glycemic control, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, in nondiabetic women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."	7.76	Hydroxychloroquine and glycemia in women with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Elliott, JR; Kao, AH; Kuller, L; Manzi, S; Penn, SK; Schott, LL; Toledo, FG; Wasko, MC, 2010)
"We report two cases of hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation presenting in a 50-year-old Caucasian female (case 1) and a 78-year-old female (case 2), both receiving 400 mg per day."	7.74	Hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation: the staining pattern. ( Ferringer, T; Lountzis, NI; Puri, PK; Tyler, W, 2008)
"We observed a case of chronic radiodermatitis which developed after cardiac catheterization, in a patient treated with corticosteroids and ciprofibrate for lupus."	7.70	[Chronic radiodermatitis after heart catheterization: the contributing role of ciprofibrate (Lipanor)?]. ( Gironet, N; Jan, V; Lorette, G; Machet, L; Machet, MC; Vaillant, L, 1998)
" The heavy proteinuria exhibited a striking steroid-dependent course during a three-year period of time, with ten relapses occurring whenever attempts were made to withdraw prednisone therapy."	7.67	Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in lupus nephritis. Response to chlorambucil. ( Abuelo, JG; Esparza, AR; Garella, S, 1984)
" Acute pancreatitis developed, which we could not relate to her lupus, prednisone administration, viral illness, or other causes."	7.66	Acute pancreatitis associated with long-term azathioprine therapy. Occurrence in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Herskowitz, LJ; Lang, PG; Olansky, S, 1979)
"We report a case of the nephrotic syndrome occurring in a patient with procainamide induced LE."	7.66	Nephrotic syndrome in procainamide induced lupus nephritis. ( Bernheim, J; Blanc-Brunat, N; Colon, S; Labeeuw, M; Zech, P, 1979)
"A rare case of constrictive pericarditis in procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus syndrome is reported."	7.65	Constrictive pericarditis in procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus syndrome. ( Shah, A; Sunder, SK, 1975)
" Chlorambucil may hold advantages over the immunosuppressive drugs normally recommended in this condition, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide, as it appears less liable to cause important marrow suppression and, unlike cyclophosphamide is not associated with alopecia and haemorrhagic cystitis."	7.65	Treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus including nephritis with chlorambucil. ( Dunnill, MS; Halley, W; Holt, JM; Oliver, DO; Snaith, ML; Stephenson, AC, 1973)
"Sirolimus is an effective and safe treatment option for refractory CTD-TP patients."	7.01	Sirolimus for patients with connective tissue disease-related refractory thrombocytopenia: a single-arm, open-label clinical trial. ( Li, M; Wang, Q; Wu, C; Xu, D; Zeng, X, 2021)
"All women had suffered from early pregnancy losses and two also had a history of fetal deaths."	6.82	Treatment with low-dose prednisone in refractory obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: A retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis. ( Barrio, RD; Cacho, PM; Haya, A; López-Hoyos, M; Lopez-Marin, L; Martínez-Taboada, VM; Riancho-Zarrabeitia, L, 2022)
"PCI has been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with intestinal vasculitis."	6.39	Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in systemic lupus erythematosus with intestinal vasculitis: treatment with high dose prednisone. ( Cabrera, GE; Cuellar, ML; Espinoza, LR; Mena, H; Scopelitis, E; Silveira, LH, 1994)
" The HCQ group showed a trend towards lower dosage of prednisone (OR 0."	5.46	Hydroxychloroquine Use in Lupus Patients during Pregnancy Is Associated with Longer Pregnancy Duration in Preterm Births. ( de Hair, MJH; Derksen, RHWM; Fritsch-Stork, RDE; Kroese, SJ; Lely, AT; Limper, M; van Laar, JM, 2017)
"Here we report a case of a 22-year-old systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient with three years' disease duration, stable on prednisone and hydroxychloroquine, who was found to have prolactinoma and recurrent GM after she discontinued medication on her own accord."	5.40	An SLE patient with prolactinoma and recurrent granulomatous mastitis successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine and bromocriptine. ( Shi, TY; Yang, YJ; Zhang, FC; Zhang, LN, 2014)
" Secondary and exploratory endpoints will include changes in disease activity scores over time, prednisone dose and biomarkers of inflammation and bone turnover."	5.34	Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin injection) for persistently active SLE: study design and baseline characteristics from a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Askanase, AD; Connolly-Strong, E; Furie, RA; Zhao, E; Zhu, J, 2020)
"Naproxen, however, has only once been reported to cause meningitis."	5.28	Naproxen-induced recurrent aseptic meningitis. ( Lehany, AM; Weksler, BB, 1991)
"A 48-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with clinical bleeding."	5.27	Disseminated intravascular coagulation in lupus erythematosus responding to prednisone therapy. ( Riddell, SR; Shojania, AM, 1986)
"Prednisone treatment appears to have improved the survival, but it is probable that treatment with prednisone alone may be less effective than a regimen in which it is combined with cyclophosphamide or nitrogen mustard."	5.26	Evaluation of treatment in lupus nephritis: effects of prednisone. ( Dosekun, AK; Pollak, VE, 1982)
"Frentizole, an immunosuppressive phenylurea agent, used in a dosage of 4 mg/kg per day, was found to produce quick elevation of platelet counts in three thrombocytopenic patients."	5.26	Frentizole therapy of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus and refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. ( Colgan, JP; Ferguson, RH; O'Duffy, JD; Phyliky, RL, 1980)
"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is often needed to manage disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy."	5.12	Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy. ( Clowse, ME; Magder, L; Petri, M; Witter, F, 2006)
"The objective was to assess the efficacy of therapy with danazol in refractory immune thrombocytopenia associated with different rheumatic diseases."	5.08	Successful therapy with danazol in refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with rheumatic diseases. ( Blanco, R; González-Gay, MA; Martinez-Taboada, VM; Rodriguez-Valverde, V; Sanchez-Andrade, A, 1997)
" In this paper, the therapeutic efficacy of two glucocorticoids, deflazacort (DFZ) and prednisone (PDN), are discussed in relation to a group of 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 12) or rheumatoid arthritis (n = 18)."	5.07	Comparison of two glucocorticoid preparations (deflazacort and prednisone) in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. ( Bosco, O; Imbimbo, B; Indiveri, F; Iudice, A; Lanza, L; Mantovani, L; Puppo, F; Scudeletti, M, 1993)
"Forty-seven SLE patients with severe renal disease characterized by renal biopsy documentation of diffuse proliferative or membranous glomerulonephritis or the nephrotic syndrome have been treated with azathioprine and prednisone in combination and followed for up to 12 years."	5.04	Longterm survival of lupus nephritis patients treated with azathioprine and prednisone. ( Barnett, EV; Dornfeld, L; Lee, DB; Liebling, MR, 1978)
"We report a prospective randomized study of 39 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive glomerulonephritis who were assigned to treatment groups that received either prednisone alone or prednisone and cyclophosphamide combined."	5.04	Progressive lupus glomerulonephritis. Treatment with prednisone and combined prednisone and cyclophosphamide. ( Donadio, JV; Ferguson, RH; Holley, KE; Ilstrup, DM, 1976)
"Thirty-eight patients with diffuse glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus were randomly assigned to add cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or nothing to low-dose corticosteroid treatment and have been followed for a mean of 21/3 years thereafter."	5.04	Cyclophosphamide or azathioprine in lupus glomerulonephritis. A controlled trial: results at 28 months. ( Decker, JL; Klippel, JH; Plotz, PH; Steinberg, AD, 1975)
" Treatment of the patient with prednisone, colchicine and hydroxychloroquine led to the improvement of the cutaneous vasculitis and a drop in ESR, serum gamma globulins and IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors."	4.79	Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: report of a case and review of the literature. ( Habib, GS; Quismorio, FP; Stimmer, MM, 1995)
"A 61-year-old man developed clinical lupus syndrome with positive antinuclear antibody, positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell preparation, and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis following 26 months of procainamide therapy."	4.76	Glomerulonephritis in procainamide induced lupus erythematosus: report of a case and review of the literature. ( Erickson, DG; Foucar, E; Tung, KS, 1979)
"To investigate the clinical efficacy of plasma exchange (PE) with or without prednisone and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy."	4.31	Clinical efficacy of plasma exchange in systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy. ( Bu, YJ; Cao, JP; Cen, X; Chen, FW; Chen, JW; Cheng, T; Fan, R; Hu, XR; Liu, YQ; Zhang, BY; Zhang, F, 2023)
" The bivariate analysis showed that active disease, hematological systemic lupus erythematosus, reduced complement, and use of prednisone ≥5 and ≥10 mg increased the chance of infection during early pregnancy (p=0."	4.12	Risk factors associated with infections in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Jésus, GRR; Jésus, NR; Klumb, EM; Lacerda, MI; Monteiro, DLM; Rodrigues, NCP; Santos, FC; Valviesse, DMJ, 2022)
" The treatment of prednisone plus HCQ may improve implantation rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, and clinical pregnancy rate, and reduce pregnancy loss rate in frozen embryo transfer outcomes for ANA-positive women."	4.02	Combined treatment of prednisone and hydroxychloroquine may improve outcomes of frozen embryo transfer in antinuclear antibody-positive patients undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. ( Cheng, K; Deng, W; Gao, R; Meng, C; Qin, L; Zeng, X, 2021)
" We present a 49 year old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder who was treated with mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone and recent plasmapheresis."	4.02	Disseminated nocardiosis in an immunosuppressed patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. ( Chaudhry, ZA; Ginzler, E; Sharif, S; Terebelo, S, 2021)
"Serious renal pathological changes, mass proteinuria, higher SLEDAI, higher prednisone dose, and a decline in CD4+ T cells could be risk factors for CM in patients with LN."	3.96	Cryptococcal meningitis in patients with lupus nephritis. ( Chen, J; Chen, P, 2020)
"Thrombosis was associated with disease activity, dose of prednisone, and the combination of anti-RNP/Sm antibodies and LA."	3.91	Anti-RNP/Sm antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and its role in thrombosis: a case-control study. ( Hinojosa-Azaola, A; Nuñez-Alvarez, CA; Romero-Diaz, J; Vargas-Ruiz, AG; Zamora-Medina, MDC, 2019)
" Markers of lupus activity, prednisone doses and immunosuppressive therapy were compared between patients with and without infections in the first and second year of the disease."	3.88	Infections in newly diagnosed Spanish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the RELES cohort. ( Capdevila, O; Espinosa, G; Fonseca-Aizpuru, E; González-Echavarri, C; González-León, R; Marín-Ballvé, A; Pallarés, L; Pinilla, B; Rodríguez-Carballeira, M; Ruiz-Irastorza, G; Suárez, S, 2018)
" Growing evidence suggests that colchicine may be useful for acute or recurrent pericarditis."	3.81	Colchicine: a simple and effective treatment for pericarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus? A report of 10 cases. ( Bonjour, M; Costedoat-Chalumeau, N; Le Guern, V; Le Jeunne, C; Morel, N; Mouthon, L; Piette, JC, 2015)
"Prednisone treatment dose-dependently attenuated the lupus symptoms in MRL/lpr mice with decreased proteinuria levels, prolonged survival times, decreased serum anti-nuclear antibody levels, and reduced spleen and thymus indices."	3.81	Prednisone treatment inhibits the differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells in MRL/MpSlac-lpr mice. ( Deng, XM; Sun, XJ; Wang, QT; Wei, W; Yan, SX, 2015)
"Homocysteine has been linked to atherosclerosis and hypertension (HT) in the general population."	3.80	Relationship between homocysteine levels and hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Díaz-Chamorro, A; Jiménez-Alonso, J; Martinez-Bordonado, J; Navarrete-Navarrete, N; Olvera-Porcel, C; Sabio, JM; Vargas-Hitos, JA; Zamora-Pasadas, M, 2014)
"To evaluate bone status in children born from mothers followed for autoimmune diseases and treated during pregnancy with low molecular weight heparin (LMVH) and/or prednisone."	3.80	Bone status of children born from mothers with autoimmune diseases treated during pregnancy with prednisone and/or low molecular weight heparin. ( Bellisai, F; Brandi, ML; Cantarini, L; Cavalli, L; Cimaz, R; Frediani, B; Galeazzi, M; Iuliano, A; la Marca, G; Pagnini, I; Simonini, G, 2014)
"9 g 24-h proteinuria while still in remission of the protein-losing enteropathy, receiving 5 mg prednisone and 100 mg azathioprine daily."	3.78	Protein-losing enteropathy as initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Braga, LL; Brandão, LA; Carneiro, FO; Rocha, FA; Sampaio, LR, 2012)
"A 75-year-female with a history of Isoniazid (INH) therapy for latent tuberculosis, was admitted with a 4-week duration of dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest pain."	3.77	Isoniazid (INH)-induced eosinophilic exudative pleural effusion and lupus erythematosus. A clinical reminder of drug side effects. ( Dahal, K; Khattri, S; Kushawaha, A; Lee, M; Mobarakai, N, 2011)
" We report a case of a 39-year-old woman with previous SLE diagnose treated with prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil who developed an acute pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic pseudocysts within the context of a severe lupus flare."	3.76	Fatal acute pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic pseudocysts in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Alonso, J; Briva, A; Cairoli, E; Cancela, M; Pérez, G, 2010)
"To determine the relationship between current hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use and 2 indicators of glycemic control, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, in nondiabetic women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."	3.76	Hydroxychloroquine and glycemia in women with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Elliott, JR; Kao, AH; Kuller, L; Manzi, S; Penn, SK; Schott, LL; Toledo, FG; Wasko, MC, 2010)
" The only significant correlation of leptin concentrations was with homocysteine concentrations but not disease activity, prednisone dose, lipids or insulin resistance."	3.75	Adipokines as novel biomarkers in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Al, M; Bargman, J; Bradley, T; Ng, L; Silverman, E; Tyrrell, P, 2009)
"We report two cases of hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation presenting in a 50-year-old Caucasian female (case 1) and a 78-year-old female (case 2), both receiving 400 mg per day."	3.74	Hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation: the staining pattern. ( Ferringer, T; Lountzis, NI; Puri, PK; Tyler, W, 2008)
" She was treated early in pregnancy with high-dose oral prednisone and weekly intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) alternating with anti-D immune globulin, but laparoscopic splenectomy was indicated at 20 weeks' gestation because of thrombocytopenia."	3.73	Laparoscopic splenectomy for the treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. ( Griffiths, J; Shapiro, AM; Sia, W; Tataryn, I; Turner, AR, 2005)
"(1) Those patients with unstable status progestation, patients being newly diagnosed with SLE during pregnancy or patients irregularly using prednisone became active during pregnancy."	3.73	[Influential factors of systemic lupus erythematosus activity during pregnancy and its relationship with pregnancy outcome]. ( Tan, JP; Wang, YH; Wu, XX; Zhang, JP, 2006)
" The patient was treated with prednisone 20 mg per day but fetal death occurred at 29 weeks of gestation."	3.72	Congenital atrioventricular block: histological aspects. ( Chau, C; Fredouille, C; Liprandi, A; Mohamed, H; Piercecchi-Marti, MD, 2003)
" We recorded demographic data, disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index, SLEDAI), obstetric history, prednisone dosage, other medications taken during pregnancy, history of renal disease, and autoantibody status [including antinuclear antibody, anti-DNA, anticardiolipin IgG (aCL), and lupus anticoagulant (LAC)]."	3.72	Preterm deliveries in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Clark, CA; Laskin, CA; Nadler, JN; Spitzer, KA, 2003)
" Fifteen non-CNS-SLE patients, 15 RA patients and 15 HC participants similar in age, education, and gender (female) were compared on tests of cognition, depression, and plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol."	3.71	Inflammatory and hormonal measures predict neuropsychological functioning in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients. ( Kozora, E; Laudenslager, M; Lemieux, A; West, SG, 2001)
"Authors describe a successful pregnancy outcome after prednisone and aspirin therapy in 19-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus with the history of recurrent urinary tract infections, pericarditis and encephalitis."	3.71	[Course of pregnancy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus--case report]. ( Goluda, M; Jerzak, MM; Podwysocka, M; Prusek, W, 2002)
" While a corticosteroid treatment with prednisone (1 mg/kg/d) did not show any efficacy upon anemia, the patient's pregnancy was followed by prolonged correction of hemoglobin, making possible the tapering of prednisone down to 10 mg/d."	3.70	[A case of post-partum remission of acquired dyserythropoiesis, a rare cause of anemia in disseminated lupus erythematosus]. ( Debandt, M; Hayem, G; Kahn, MF; Kettaneh, A; Lebail-Darné, JL; Meyer, O; Palazzo, E; Roux, S, 1998)
"We observed a case of chronic radiodermatitis which developed after cardiac catheterization, in a patient treated with corticosteroids and ciprofibrate for lupus."	3.70	[Chronic radiodermatitis after heart catheterization: the contributing role of ciprofibrate (Lipanor)?]. ( Gironet, N; Jan, V; Lorette, G; Machet, L; Machet, MC; Vaillant, L, 1998)
"A 57-year-old woman was under treatment for epilepsy with lamotrigine 2 mg/kg/d since 1996."	3.70	Lamotrigine-induced lupus. ( Cazzola, M; Muzzupappa, S; Panni, B; Sarzi-Puttini, P; Turiel, M, 2000)
" The patient's general condition and the pleuritic pain improved within 2 days under treatment with prednisone (50 mg daily); the depression, disorientation and fever receded within a week."	3.69	[Lupus erythematosus in old age]. ( Federmann, M; Morell, B, 1994)
"Serum bone Gla protein (BGP), carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) levels were determined in 8 patients with autoimmune disorders (2 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 3 with rheumatoid arthritis, 2 with Sjögren's syndrome and 1 with mixed connective tissue disease) before and after 1, 2 and 4 months of treatment with oral prednisone (at a dosage of 1 mg/kg bw/day, p."	3.69	Modifications of biochemical markers of bone and collagen turnover during corticosteroid therapy. ( Ambrosi, B; Conti, A; Ferrario, S; Ferrero, S; Sartorio, A, 1996)
"Maximal prednisone doses, changes in body habitus in response to corticosteroid therapy, IgG aCL levels, and clinical evidence of venous thrombosis and vasculitis were associated with osteonecrosis in patients with SLE."	3.69	Risk factors for osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Glueck, CJ; Hungerford, DS; Mont, MA; Pacheco, IH; Petri, M; Wang, P, 1997)
" Therapy with prednisone was commenced following recurrent severe epistaxis."	3.68	Acquired hypoprothrombinaemia and lupus anticoagulant: response to steroid therapy. ( Bird, AR; Hift, RJ; Sarembock, BD, 1991)
" We present a case in which fetal ascites associated with complete heart block resolved promptly after administration of betamethasone and prednisone to the mother, who had anti-SSA and who developed clinical lupus erythematosus."	3.68	Ascites not due to congestive heart failure in a fetus with lupus-induced heart block. ( Cabaniss, ML; Richards, DS; Wagman, AJ, 1990)
" The heavy proteinuria exhibited a striking steroid-dependent course during a three-year period of time, with ten relapses occurring whenever attempts were made to withdraw prednisone therapy."	3.67	Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in lupus nephritis. Response to chlorambucil. ( Abuelo, JG; Esparza, AR; Garella, S, 1984)
"A boy with microcephaly, unusual facial features, micropenis, and growth retardation was born to a 30-year-old woman who took azathioprine and prednisone before and during pregnancy for systemic lupus erythematosus."	3.67	Two chromosome aberrations in the child of a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with azathioprine and prednisone. ( Ostrer, H; Perinchief, P; Stamberg, J, 1984)
" She was subsequently treated with prednisone and intermittent cyclophosphamide for six years, and severe hypogammaglobulinemia associated with recurrent infections developed; disease remained active and serum DNA binding high."	3.67	Development of hypogammaglobulinemia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Balow, JE; Smith, PL; Tsokos, GC, 1986)
"We evaluated retrospectively the effect of superimposed pregnancy upon the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients receiving glucocorticoids or azathioprine at conception."	3.67	Pregnancy among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving immunosuppressive therapy. ( Dorsey, JK; Meehan, RT, 1987)
"Patients with lupus glomerulonephritis improved after various combinations of azathioprine or cyclophosphamide and prednisone treatment in uncontrolled studies reported in the early 1970s."	3.66	Cytotoxic drug treatment of lupus nephritis. ( Donadio, JV; Holley, KE; Ilstrup, DM, 1982)
"Thirty-five patients, 29 with severe proliferative glomerulonephritis and six with either steroid resistant or steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome, were treated with high dose bolus infusions of methylprednisolone (pulses) followed by prednisone given orally in more conventional doses for 6 mo or longer."	3.66	The treatment of severe glomerulopathies in children using high dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulses. ( Cole, BR; Robson, AM; Rose, GM, 1981)
" Acute pancreatitis developed, which we could not relate to her lupus, prednisone administration, viral illness, or other causes."	3.66	Acute pancreatitis associated with long-term azathioprine therapy. Occurrence in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Herskowitz, LJ; Lang, PG; Olansky, S, 1979)
"We report a case of the nephrotic syndrome occurring in a patient with procainamide induced LE."	3.66	Nephrotic syndrome in procainamide induced lupus nephritis. ( Bernheim, J; Blanc-Brunat, N; Colon, S; Labeeuw, M; Zech, P, 1979)
"Cord blood levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, IgD, and IgG classes and IgA and IgA subclasses were determined in the offspring of seven mothers who received azathioprine and/or prednisone during the entire pregnancy."	3.65	Fetal immunoglobulin synthesis following maternal immunosuppression. ( Cederqvist, LL; Litwin, SD; Merkatz, IR, 1977)
"A 34-year-old woman with an organic psychosis was presumed to be suffering from corticosteroid psychosis because of prednisone treatment for urticaria."	3.65	Problems in diagnosis and treatment of lupus psychosis. Report of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and Sjögren's syndrome. ( Denko, JD, 1977)
"The authors report their comparative experience of the treatment of proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis using prednisone (16 patients) or the indomethacin-hydroxychloroquine association (12 patients)."	3.65	[Lupus nephropathy. Treatment with the indomethacin-hydroxychloroquine combination and comparison with corticoids]. ( Conte, JJ; Fournie, GJ; Mignon-Conte, MA, 1975)
"A rare case of constrictive pericarditis in procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus syndrome is reported."	3.65	Constrictive pericarditis in procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus syndrome. ( Shah, A; Sunder, SK, 1975)
" In a comparison of these children with SLE, with and without AN, with a group of patients with nephrosis treated with corticosteroids and a group with glomerulonephritis treated with azathioprine, AN was related to the duration of daily steroid therapy rather than the total duration of steroid treatment; this was not true for azathioprine."	3.65	A vascular necrosis of the femoral head in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Drummond, KN; Hurley, RM; Patriquin, H; Steinberg, RH, 1974)
" Chlorambucil may hold advantages over the immunosuppressive drugs normally recommended in this condition, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide, as it appears less liable to cause important marrow suppression and, unlike cyclophosphamide is not associated with alopecia and haemorrhagic cystitis."	3.65	Treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus including nephritis with chlorambucil. ( Dunnill, MS; Halley, W; Holt, JM; Oliver, DO; Snaith, ML; Stephenson, AC, 1973)
" A 3-month pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion when anticoagulants were supplemented with strong corticoids (60 mg/day prednisone)."	3.65	[Thrombosing disease in the course of a lupic syndrome revealed by an estroprogestational agent]. ( Blanc, D; Cornet, A; Duboys, Y; Dubrisay, J; Gaux, JC; Godeau, P; Rioux, C; Sicard, D, 1971)
"7%) patients had adverse events (AEs), and 96/424 (22."	3.11	Phase 3, long-term, open-label extension period of safety and efficacy of belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in China, for up to 6 years. ( Bass, D; Chu, M; Curtis, P; DeRose, K; Gu, J; Kurrasch, R; Li, X; Li, Y; Lowe, J; Meizlik, P; Roth, DA; Su, Y; Wang, G; Wang, M; Zhang, F; Zheng, J, 2022)
"Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is an autoimmune disease that results in significant damage and often needs more aggressive treatment."	3.01	Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: characteristics and the prospect of glucocorticoid pulse therapy. ( Guo, L; Liu, C; Liu, J; Pan, L; Punaro, M; Yang, S, 2023)
"Sirolimus is an effective and safe treatment option for refractory CTD-TP patients."	3.01	Sirolimus for patients with connective tissue disease-related refractory thrombocytopenia: a single-arm, open-label clinical trial. ( Li, M; Wang, Q; Wu, C; Xu, D; Zeng, X, 2021)
" Despite differences in total belimumab exposure (24 weeks in the placebo-to-belimumab group versus 76 weeks in the belimumab group), the proportions of patients experiencing more than one adverse event (AE) or a serious AE in the open-label phase were similar between groups (placebo-to-belimumab: 51."	2.87	A 6-month open-label extension study of the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bass, D; Doria, A; Fox, NL; Gordon, D; Groark, J; Hammer, A; Kleoudis, C; Roth, D; Scheinberg, M; Schwarting, A; Stohl, W, 2018)
"All women had suffered from early pregnancy losses and two also had a history of fetal deaths."	2.82	Treatment with low-dose prednisone in refractory obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: A retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis. ( Barrio, RD; Cacho, PM; Haya, A; López-Hoyos, M; Lopez-Marin, L; Martínez-Taboada, VM; Riancho-Zarrabeitia, L, 2022)
"Among them, orbital myositis (OM) is considered a rare manifestation that affects the extraocular muscles and causes pain and restriction with eye movement."	2.82	Orbital myositis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-based review. ( Alexandros, DA; Aliki, VI; Anastasia, ZK; Antigone, P; Paraskevi, VV; Zoi, T, 2022)
"To research the effects of Qingyang Toujie Mixture (QTM) in combination with prednisone tablet on the balance of Th1 and Th2 (Th1/Th2) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients of yin deficiency syndrome (YDS)."	2.78	[Effects of qingyang toujie mixture in combination with prednisone tablet on Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Chen, YH; Duan, HY; He, YP; Huang, GH; Linag, XF; Liu, Y; Wen, XM; Xu, QY; Zeng, ZL; Zhong, JX, 2013)
"Pandemic influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine response is diminished in SLE under immunosuppressive therapy and antimalarials seems to restore this immunogenicity."	2.77	Influenza A/H1N1 vaccination of patients with SLE: can antimalarial drugs restore diminished response under immunosuppressive therapy? ( Aikawa, NE; Bonfa, E; Borba, EF; Calich, AL; Costa, LP; Fuller, R; Goncalves, CR; Guedes, LK; Ishida, MA; Leon, EP; Moraes, JC; Oliveira, SA; Pasoto, SG; Precioso, AR; Ribeiro, AC; Saad, CG; Silva, CA, 2012)
"The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of prednisolone, the metabolite of the prodrug prednisone, in cSLE patients and explore the relationship between PK properties and cSLE disease activity."	2.76	Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone at steady state in young patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on prednisone therapy: an open-label, single-dose study. ( Brunner, HI; Rieder, MJ; Sagcal-Gironella, AC; Sherwin, CM; Tirona, RG; Vinks, AA, 2011)
" Tocilizumab treatment led to dosage-related decreases in the absolute neutrophil count, with a median decrease of 38% in the 4 mg/kg dosage group and 56% in the 8 mg/kg dosage group."	2.75	Tocilizumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: data on safety, preliminary efficacy, and impact on circulating plasma cells from an open-label phase I dosage-escalation study. ( Balow, JE; Daruwalla, J; Fleisher, T; Illei, GG; Lipsky, PE; Shirota, Y; Tackey, E; Takada, K; Yarboro, CH, 2010)
"To observe the effects of ginsenosides combined with prednisone in SLE patients."	2.75	[Efficacy of ginsenosides combined with prednisone in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial]. ( Cai, Q; Feng, YL; Guan, JL; Ling, CQ; Xu, MJ; Xu, X; You, YL; Zhang, LL, 2010)
" All patients were treated with routine administration of prednisone, but to the treated group GS Capsule (50 mg) was given additionally twice every day, while to the control group placebo capsule of equal dosage was given instead."	2.74	[Efficacy of combined therapy with ginsenosides and prednisone in treating systemic lupus erythematosus--a randomized, controlled and double-blinded trial]. ( Feng, YL; Ling, CQ; You, YL, 2009)
" Changes of SLEDAI and OPN, as well as the daily dosage of prednisone used were observed after 2 courses of treatment."	2.74	[Effect of yangyin jiedu huoxue recipe on hormone withdrawal and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Fan, YS; Han, YM; Wu, GL, 2009)
" Patients who remained clinically stable but showed serologic evidence of an SLE flare (elevation of both the anti-dsDNA level by 25% and the C3a level by 50% over the previous 1-2 monthly visits) were randomized to receive either prednisone or placebo therapy at a dosage of 30 mg/day for 2 weeks, 20 mg/day for 1 week, and 10 mg/day for 1 week."	2.72	The effect of moderate-dose corticosteroids in preventing severe flares in patients with serologically active, but clinically stable, systemic lupus erythematosus: findings of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Abramson, SB; Belmont, HM; Buyon, JP; Diamond, B; Haines, K; Ilie, V; Kim, M; Mackay, M; Marder, G; Rosenthal, P; Tseng, CE, 2006)
"to explore the mechanism of leeching in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	2.71	Study of the effect of leeching on plasma endothelin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Cheng, SP; Liu, JL; Yuan, J, 2005)
"MDOL can obviously improve the effect of hormonotherapy in SLE, it has advantages in reducing the dosage used and antagonizing the adverse reactions of glucocorticoid."	2.71	[Intervention of maiwei dihuang oral liquid on hormonotherapy in treating active systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Xu, DH; Yang, XY, 2005)
"Eleven children with various forms of lupus nephritis were treated with oral MMF at a mean dose of 22 mg/kg/day (range 17-42) for a mean of 9."	2.70	Mycophenolate mofetil treatment of severe renal disease in pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bartosh, S; Buratti, S; Reiff, A; Spencer, CH; Szer, IS, 2001)
"Oral prednisone alone was used in 50 of the 59 patients (mean initial dose 1 mg/kg body weight/day)."	2.70	Treatment of severe immune thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: 59 cases. ( Arnal, C; Bierling, P; Godeau, B; Hachulla, E; Léone, J; Papo, T; Piette, JC; Roudot-Thoraval, F; Schaeffer, A; Taillan, B, 2002)
"To evaluate dietary therapy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	2.68	Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Baethge, BA; Broadwell, L; Hearth-Holmes, M; Wolf, RE, 1995)
"Treatment with prednisone as soon as a significant rise in anti-dsDNA occurs prevents relapse in most cases, without increasing the cumulative dose of prednisdone given."	2.68	Prevention of relapses in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bootsma, H; de Boer, G; Derksen, R; Gmelig-Meyling, F; Hermans, J; Kallenberg, C; Kater, L; Limburg, P; Spronk, P; Wolters-Dicke, H, 1995)
"In the patients who were receiving DHEA, the SLEDAI score, patient's and physician's overall assessment of disease activity, and concurrent prednisone dosage decreased, while in the patients taking placebo, small increases were seen."	2.68	Dehydroepiandrosterone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. ( Engleman, EG; McGuire, JL; van Vollenhoven, RF, 1995)
" GCS dosage was increased in 2 patients: 1 with recurrent serositis, 1 with persistent vasculitis."	2.67	A 2 year, open ended trial of methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Abeles, M; Wilson, K, 1994)
"Patients with quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus who are taking hydroxychloroquine are less likely to have a clinical flare-up if they are maintained on the drug."	2.67	A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulfate in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( , 1991)
"These included systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score, serum albumin (Alb), 24‑h urinary protein, serum creatinine, anti‑ds‑DNAIgM, complement component 3 (C3), and the number of effective treatments and complications."	2.66	Effectiveness of Bailing capsules in the treatment of lupus nephritis: A meta‑analysis. ( Bi, C; Li, Y; Qiu, X; Tian, B; Xu, T; Yao, L, 2020)
"After the first discharge, she got a recurrence of COVID-19 during her home isolation, and then returned to hospital and continued the previous therapy."	2.66	Successful recovery of recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and review. ( Cao, J; Fan, L; He, F; Hu, K; Lei, M; Luo, Q; Qin, S; Shao, X; Yang, L; Yu, N, 2020)
"Frentizole is a benzimidazoleurea that has immunosuppressive properties in mice."	2.65	Frentizole therapy of active systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bole, GG; Kay, DR; Valentine, MH; Valentine, TV; Walker, SE, 1980)
"Forty-one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis were studied in a randomized drug trial."	2.65	Alternative modes of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine therapy in lupus nephritis. ( Balow, JE; Decker, JL; Dinant, HJ; Klippel, JH; Plotz, PH; Steinberg, AD, 1982)
"Nevertheless, influenza vaccination can be safely carried out in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus."	2.64	Influenza immunization in systemic lupus eruthematosus. A double-blind trial. ( Decker, JL; Dolin, R; Klassen, LW; Reinertsen, JL; Steinberg, AD; Williams, GW, 1978)
"criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, 43 were selected for study because each had been treated for at least two years with antimalarials, but had not received antimalarials for at least one subsequent year."	2.64	The efficacy of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Gresham, GE; Rothfield, NF; Rudnicki, RD, 1975)
"Azathioprine was hepatotoxic in doses of 200 mg daily or more."	2.64	Azathioprine plus prednisone compared with prednisone alone in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a prospective controlled trial in 24 patients. ( Hahn, BH; Kantor, OS; Osterland, CK, 1975)
"BACKGROUND Chronic intake of high-dose corticosteroids is associated with multiple adverse clinical effects, including hypertension, insulin resistance, impaired wound healing, immunosuppression, myopathy, and osteoporosis."	2.58	Glucocorticoid-Induced Myopathy in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Case Report and Review of the Literature. ( Ochoa, W; Silver, EM, 2018)
"Cryptococcal meningitis is an important fungal infection among systemic lupus erythematosus patients."	2.53	Cryptococcal meningitis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: pooled analysis and systematic review. ( Boekhout, T; Chen, M; Deng, D; Fang, W; Guo, Y; Hagen, F; Liao, W; Liu, J; Ms, A; Pan, W; Xu, J; Zhang, P, 2016)
"Most reports on APF suggest systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as the major immunological associated disorder but the association with autoimmune hepatitis (AH) has not been previously documented."	2.49	Amicrobial pustulosis of the folds associated with autoimmune disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus case series and first report on the association with autoimmune hepatitis. ( Charli-Joseph, Y; Fernández Sánchez, M; Méndez-Flores, S; Orozco-Topete, R; Saeb-Lima, M, 2013)
"Lupus nephritis was present in two cases."	2.49	[Three cases of bullous lupus erythematosus]. ( Elomri, N; Elqatni, M; Ghafir, D; Jira, M; Mekouar, F; Sekkach, Y, 2013)
"Drug-induced vasculitis is an inflammation of blood vessels caused by the use of various pharmaceutical agents."	2.48	Drug-induced vasculitis: a clinical and pathological review. ( Martinović Kaliterna, D; Radić, J; Radić, M, 2012)
"Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare multisystemic autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations, and disease onset before 16 years of age."	2.47	Early onset systemic lupus erythematosus: differential diagnoses, clinical presentation, and treatment options. ( Gahr, M; Hahn, G; Hedrich, CM; Heubner, G; Laass, MW; Straub, S; Wieczorek, K; Zappel, H, 2011)
"Hypoparathyroidism is rare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	2.46	Hypoparathyroidism in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus coexisted with ankylosing spondylitis: a case report and review of literature. ( Dai, X; Jiang, L; Liu, J; Ma, L; Yu, F, 2010)
"Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that frequently affects women of childbearing age."	2.46	Systemic lupus erythematosus: safe and effective management in primary care. ( Kodner, C; Michalski, JP, 2010)
"Sensorineural hearing loss has been described in autoimmune disorders but is rare."	2.44	Sensorineural hearing loss in systemic lupus erythematosus: case report and literature review. ( Khalidi, NA; Rebello, R; Robertson, DD, 2008)
"Massive refractory pleural effusions are uncommon in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus."	2.43	Therapeutic options for refractory massive pleural effusion in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case study and review of the literature. ( Breuer, GS; Deeb, M; Fisher, D; Nesher, G, 2005)
"The patient had systemic lupus erythematosus and was treated with corticosteroids."	2.43	Primary renal zygomycosis due to Rhizopus oryzae. ( Li, RY; Yu, J, 2006)
" The phototests were performed on large skin areas of the forearm or trunk; the first dose was twice the minimal erythema dose and the dosage was increased according to the individual reactions of the patients at the test sites."	2.42	Photosensitivity in patients with lupus erythematosus: a clinical and photobiological study of 100 patients using a prolonged phototest protocol. ( Bruijnzeel-Koomen, CA; Kazzaz, GA; Sanders, CJ; Sigurdsson, V; Toonstra, J; Van Weelden, H, 2003)
"We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) who developed inclusion body myositis (IBM) which, contrary to the typical presentation of this disorder, was symmetrical in nature although the diagnosis was only made after electron microscopy was performed."	2.42	Inclusion body myositis in connective tissue disorders: case report and review of the literature. ( Derk, CT; Kenyon, L; Mandel, S; Vivino, FB, 2003)
"Less than 40 spontaneous ruptures in systemic lupus erythematosus have been described in the literature; only seven cases were ruptures of hand tendons and only extensors."	2.42	[Spontaneous rupture of extensor pollicis longus in systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Apard, T; Moui, Y, 2004)
"Kidney biopsy showed membranous nephropathy."	2.41	Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case and review. ( Sakarcan, A; Stallworth, J, 2001)
"PCI has been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with intestinal vasculitis."	2.39	Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in systemic lupus erythematosus with intestinal vasculitis: treatment with high dose prednisone. ( Cabrera, GE; Cuellar, ML; Espinoza, LR; Mena, H; Scopelitis, E; Silveira, LH, 1994)
"Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are two common autoimmune disorders that affect women of childbearing age."	2.39	Nutritional consequences of chronic maternal conditions during pregnancy and lactation: lupus and diabetes. ( Ferris, AM; Reece, EA, 1994)
"Hydroxychloroquine was continued throughout the duration of therapy."	2.38	Transverse myelitis complicating systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment including hydroxychloroquine. Case report. ( Klaiman, MD; Miller, SD, 1993)
"Laryngeal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can range from mild ulcerations, vocal cord paralysis, and edema to necrotizing vasculitis with airway obstruction."	2.38	Laryngeal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( MacKenzie, CR; Paget, SA; Stern, R; Teitel, AD, 1992)
"We reviewed three cases of listeriosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seen at our institution, in addition to five cases reported in the English literature."	2.38	Listerial infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Harisdangkul, V; Lin, AC; Songcharoen, S, 1992)
"Prior to 1975 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were generally not considered candidates for renal transplantation because of concern that immune complex deposition would rapidly destroy the allograft."	2.38	Renal transplantation for systemic lupus erythematosus and recurrent lupus nephritis. A single-center experience and a review of the literature. ( Cole, BR; Goss, JA; Hanto, DW; Jendrisak, MD; McCullough, CS; So, SK; Windus, DW, 1991)
"We describe a patient with acute transverse myelitis as the first symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus who was successfully treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisone."	2.38	[Acute transverse myelitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: successful therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisone]. ( Conen, D; Misteli, M, 1991)
"Multiple dermatofibromas have been previously reported in ten patients with autoimmune disorders; in six of these, the lesions initially appeared several months after commencing treatment with immunosuppressive medications."	2.38	Multiple dermatofibromas in patients with autoimmune disorders receiving immunosuppressive therapy. ( Cohen, PR, 1991)
"Hypoglycemia was secondary to autoantibodies to the insulin receptor that were detected in the patient's serum."	2.37	Autoantibodies to the insulin receptor as a cause of autoimmune hypoglycemia in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Borenstein, DG; Moller, DE; Ratner, RE; Taylor, SI, 1988)
"When a thymoma is present, it should be resected since a remission is produced in 29 per cent of these patients."	2.35	Diagnosis and treatment of pure red cell aplasia. ( Krantz, SB, 1976)
"Prednisone ≥ 10 mg/day was associated with lower odds of death."	1.91	Outcomes of Filipinos with inflammatory rheumatic diseases developing COVID-19 prior to vaccinations and new variants: a historical perspective. ( Cortez, KJC; Del Rosario, AG; Gutierrez-Rubio, AKM; Lichauco, JJT; Rivera-Go, ICT; Salido, EO; Suilan, KEA; Villo, JGB; Zamora-Abrahan, GT, 2023)
" The LR treatment group received LR at the dosage of 1."	1.91	Lupus Recipe inhibits cGVHD-induced lupus nephritis in mice and promote renal LC3-associated autophagy. ( Fan, J; Guo, J; Huang, X; Liu, R; Peng, Y; Wu, H; Wu, M; Yang, X; Ye, H, 2023)
"LDAS was described as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score ≤4, prednisone ≤7."	1.91	Low disease activity state associated with fewer incident vertebral fractures in Mestizo women with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Ayón-Aguilar, J; Etchegaray-Morales, I; García-Carrasco, M; Méndez-Martínez, S; Mendoza-Pinto, C; Munguía-Realpozo, P; Osorio-Peña, ÁD; Ramírez-Lara, E; Solis-Poblano, JC; Zárate-Arellano, D, 2023)
" The protective effect of HCQ was dosage related."	1.72	Low-dose glucocorticoids withdrawn in systemic lupus erythematosus: a desirable and attainable goal. ( Deng, X; Gao, D; Geng, Y; Hao, Y; Huang, H; Ji, L; Wang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2022)
"Among patients, 56% had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 29% juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), and 15% juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM)."	1.72	COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: mental health issues and life conditions. ( Aikawa, NE; Buscatti, IM; Campos, LMMA; Casella, CB; Elias, AM; Gualano, B; Helito, AC; Ihara, BP; Kozu, KT; Lindoso, LM; Pedroso, CAA; Pereira, RMR; Polanczyk, GV; Queiroz, LB; Setoue, DND; Sieczkowska, SM; Silva, CAA; Simon, JR; Strabelli, CAA; Tanigava, NY; Viana, VSL, 2022)
"Recognising systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients at higher risk for hospitalization, aiming at developing tailored management strategies, may help minimize admissions and improve long-term health outcomes."	1.72	Predictors of hospitalization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 10-year cohort study. ( Assunção, H; da Silva, JAP; Inês, L; Luís, M; Prata, AR; Rodrigues, M, 2022)
"Herein, we report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with JA without bone erosion."	1.72	Case report: Joint deformity associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Chen, SL; Lin, CS; Xu, Q; Zhang, LY; Zheng, HJ, 2022)
"To identify predictors of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares during pregnancy in patients previously considered to be at low risk."	1.72	Predictive factors for flares of established stable systemic lupus erythematosus without anti-phospholipid antibodies during pregnancy. ( Chigusa, Y; Horie, A; Kawasaki, K; Kondoh, E; Mandai, M; Mogami, H; Ueda, A, 2022)
" A highest daily dosage of prednisone of 40 mg or higher, even when administered for a month or less, significantly increased the risk of ON."	1.72	Predictors of Osteonecrosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Prospective Cohort Study. ( Kallas, R; Li, J; Petri, M, 2022)
" Prednisone dosage decreased from a median of 0."	1.62	LLDAS is an attainable treat-to-target goal in childhood-onset SLE. ( Bakx, S; Kamphuis, S; Timmermans, D; van den Berg, L; van Dijk-Hummelman, A; van Rijswijk, K; Verkaaik, M; Versnel, MA; Wahadat, MJ, 2021)
"The SLEDAI-2KG provides a novel concept for the assessment of lupus disease activity while accounting for glucocorticoids dosage to reflect on disease activity overall at a particular visit."	1.62	Identifying a Response for the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity 2000 Glucocorticoid Index. ( Anderson, N; Gladman, DD; Su, J; Touma, Z; Urowitz, MB; Zandy, M, 2021)
"Its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare and not well known."	1.56	[Pyoderma gangrenosum and systemic lupus erythematosus: A rare association]. ( Chelly, I; Haouet, S; Magdoud, O; Mokni, M; Souissi, A, 2020)
"Prednisone treatment (3 mg/kg from 8 weeks of age) relieved the decrease of NAA but further increased the accumulation of pyruvate in the frontal cortex, additionally affected eight enriched pathways in the hypothalamus, and led to significant imbalances between the excitation and inhibition in both the frontal cortex and hypothalamus."	1.56	Analysis of brain metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry reveals the risk-benefit concerns of prednisone in MRL/lpr lupus mice. ( Li, S; Lu, F; Lu, H; Wang, S; Wen, C; Wu, D; Xie, M; Xie, Z; Xu, ZH; Zhou, J, 2020)
"Remission in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is defined through a combination of 'clinical SLE Disease Activity Index (cSLEDAI)=0', 'physician's global assessment (PGA) <0."	1.56	Remission in systemic lupus erythematosus: testing different definitions in a large multicentre cohort. ( Afeltra, A; Bortoluzzi, A; Ceccarelli, F; Conti, F; Dall'Ara, F; Doria, A; Frigo, AC; Frontini, G; Gatto, M; Govoni, M; Iaccarino, L; Margiotta, DPE; Moroni, G; Mosca, M; Saccon, F; Signorini, V; Tincani, A; Zen, M, 2020)
"We present two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and histopathologically confirmed PNGD."	1.56	In vivo cutaneous antinuclear antibody positivity in palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis. ( Dong, J; Murphy, M; Storonsky, M; Weston, G; Zubkov, M, 2020)
"Disease activity (per Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)), SLE exacerbations, emergency room visits, hospitalisations, disease damage (per Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index), corticosteroids exposure, prednisone dose and immunosuppressive drugs exposure were determined before and after HCQ dose change."	1.56	Clinical impact of hydroxychloroquine dose adjustment according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology guidelines in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Arroyo-Ávila, M; González-Sepúlveda, L; Medina-Cintrón, N; Vázquez-Otero, I; Vilá, LM, 2020)
"An important goal in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prediction of relapses."	1.56	Anti-nucleosome antibodies increase the risk of renal relapse in a prospective cohort of patients with clinically inactive systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Alcaraz-Lopez, MF; Bonilla-Lara, D; Diaz-Rizo, V; Fajardo-Robledo, NS; Gamez-Nava, JI; Gonzalez-Lopez, L; Muñoz-Valle, JF; Perez-Guerrero, EE; Rodriguez-Jimenez, NA; Saldaña-Cruz, AM; Sanchez-Mosco, DI, 2020)
"Prednisone use was recorded as current daily dose."	1.56	Age at diagnosis and health-related quality of life are associated with fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Data from the Almenara Lupus Cohort. ( Alarcón, GS; Elera-Fitzcarrald, C; Gamboa-Cárdenas, RV; Medina, M; Pastor-Asurza, CA; Perich-Campos, RA; Pimentel-Quiroz, VR; Reátegui-Sokolova, C; Rodríguez-Bellido, ZJ; Ugarte-Gil, MF; Zeña-Huancas, PA; Zevallos, F, 2020)
"Five hundred and two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus patients were included; 120 patients (23."	1.56	Predictors of renal damage in systemic lupus erythematous patients: data from a multiethnic, multinational Latin American lupus cohort (GLADEL). ( Alarcón, GS; Alvarellos, A; Amigo, MC; Barile-Fabris, LA; Berbotto, GA; Bonfa, E; Borba Neto, EF; Caeiro, F; Cardiel, MH; Catoggio, LJ; Cavalcanti, F; Chacón-Diaz, R; Da Silva, NA; de Oliveira E Silva Montandon, AC; Esteva-Spinetti, MH; Garcia de la Torre, I; García, MA; Guibert-Toledano, M; Harvey, GB; Massardo, L; Neira, OJ; Pons-Estel, BA; Pons-Estel, GJ; Portela-Hernández, M; Quintana, R; Reátegui-Sokolova, C; Reyes-Llerena, GA; Sacnun, MP; Sato, EI; Saurit, V; Segami, MI; Serrano-Morales, RM; Silveira, LH; Soriano, ER; Ugarte-Gil, MF; Vásquez, G; Wojdyla, D, 2020)
" The definition of remission included a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score of 0, prednisone daily dosage of ≤5 mg/day, and immunosuppressive drugs on maintenance dose."	1.56	Better Health-Related Quality of Life in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Predicted by Low Disease Activity State/Remission: Data From the Peruvian Almenara Lupus Cohort. ( Alarcón, GS; Cucho-Venegas, JM; Elera-Fitzcarrald, C; Gamboa-Cárdenas, RV; Medina-Chinchón, M; Pastor-Asurza, CA; Perich-Campos, R; Pimentel-Quiroz, V; Reátegui-Sokolova, C; Rodríguez-Bellido, Z; Ugarte-Gil, MF; Zevallos, F, 2020)
"Hydroxychloroquine was associated with significantly lower BPV."	1.56	Blood Pressure Variability and Age-related Blood Pressure Patterns in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ( Magder, LS; Petri, M; Stojan, G, 2020)
"Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe, lifelong, multisystem autoimmune disease."	1.51	Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in a Cohort of Adults With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ( Bijl, M; Bultink, IEM; de Leeuw, K; Dolhain, RJEM; Fritsch-Stork, R; Groot, N; Kamphuis, S; Shaikhani, D; Teng, YKO; Zirkzee, E, 2019)
"Persistent systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality."	1.51	Persistent Disease Activity Remains a Burden for Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ( Abrahamowicz, M; Arbillaga, H; Avina-Zubieta, A; Chédeville, G; Fortin, PR; Hitchon, CA; Huber, AM; Hudson, M; Iczkovitz, S; Levy, D; Peschken, CA; Pineau, C; Pope, J; Ross, J; Sayani, A; Silverman, E; Smith, CD; Tucker, L; Wang, Y; Wynant, W; Zummer, M, 2019)
"Autoimmune myelofibrosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity that occurs with autoimmune disorders."	1.51	Autoimmune myelofibrosis: a rare haematological involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Belfeki, N; Declerck, D; Diamantis, S; Shankarasivam, G, 2019)
"SLEDAI-2K ⩽ 4 with no renal activity, pleurisy, pericarditis or fever (SDI > 1; OR: 0."	1.51	Predictors of low disease activity and clinical remission following belimumab treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Chatzidionysiou, K; Emamikia, S; Gomez, A; Johansson, P; Parodis, I; Soukka, S, 2019)
"Management of systemic lupus erythematosus patients is challenging because of disease heterogeneity."	1.51	Management of non-renal non-neurologic persistent lupus activity in real world patients from Argentina. ( Pons-Estel, GJ; Scaglioni, V; Scolnik, M; Soriano, ER, 2019)
"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a commonly used medicine for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Th17 cells are closely related to the pathogenesis of SLE."	1.48	Hydroxychloroquine Inhibits the Differentiation of Th17 Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ( Li, M; Yang, J; Yang, X, 2018)
"Tacrolimus therapy was stopped due to the possibility of immunodeficiency-related lymphoproliferative disease; however, the lesion did not improve."	1.48	A case of duodenal malignant lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis: systemic lupus erythematosus and immunosuppressive therapy as risk factors. ( Hamada, Y; Horiki, N; Inoue, H; Katsurahara, M; Miura, H; Nakamura, M; Okuse, H; Sakuno, T; Shiono, Y; Takei, Y; Takeuchi, T; Tanaka, K; Yamada, R, 2018)
"In real-life, belimumab is efficacious in achieving low disease activity in over 40% of unselected patients, in combination with reduction of corticosteroid dosage and number of flares."	1.48	Low disease activity-irrespective of serologic status at baseline-associated with reduction of corticosteroid dose and number of flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with belimumab: A real-life observational study. ( Adamichou, C; Bertsias, G; Boki, KA; Boumpas, DT; Dimopoulou, D; Elezoglou, A; Erden, A; Fanouriakis, A; Katsikas, G; Klagou, A; Konsta, S; Konstantopoulou, P; Koutsoviti, S; Liossis, SN; Mavragani, CP; Ntali, S; Panopoulos, S; Pantazi, L; Sfikakis, PP; Sidiropoulos, P; Staveri, C; Tektonidou, M; Tsalapaki, C; Vassilopoulos, D, 2018)
"Background and objective Acute transverse myelitis (TM) is an infrequent neurological complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.48	Natural history of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis in 35 Hispanic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: good short-term functional outcome and paradoxical increase in long-term mortality. ( Aguirre-Villarreal, D; Cantú-Brito, C; Ceballos-Ceballos, J; Dávila-Maldonado, L; Díaz de León-Sánchez, E; Flores-Silva, FD; Fragoso-Loyo, H; González-Duarte, A; Guraieb-Chaín, P; Higuera-Calleja, J; Longoria-Lozano, O; Morales-Moreno, S; Murra-Antón, S; Quintanilla-González, L; Sentíes-Madrid, H; Treviño-Frenk, I; Valdés-Ferrer, SI; Vega-Boada, F, 2018)
"Although it is well established that colon cancer is one of the many gastrointestinal manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematous, the diagnosis and treatment remains complex due to adrenal insufficiency symptoms."	1.48	Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. ( Chang, Q; Chen, Y; Fei, J; Shen, L; Shi, J; Wan, B; Yi, Q, 2018)
" The HCQ group showed a trend towards lower dosage of prednisone (OR 0."	1.46	Hydroxychloroquine Use in Lupus Patients during Pregnancy Is Associated with Longer Pregnancy Duration in Preterm Births. ( de Hair, MJH; Derksen, RHWM; Fritsch-Stork, RDE; Kroese, SJ; Lely, AT; Limper, M; van Laar, JM, 2017)
"Remission is the ultimate goal in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.46	Remission in systemic lupus erythematosus: durable remission is rare. ( Magder, LS; Petri, M; Wilhelm, TR, 2017)
"However, cytopenias from autoimmune myelofibrosis (AIMF) are extremely uncommon in SLE, with less than 40 reported cases in the literature."	1.43	Autoimmune myelofibrosis with pancytopenia as a presenting manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus responsive to mycophenolate mofetil. ( Chowdhary, VR; Davis, MD; Makol, A; Ungprasert, P, 2016)
"Prednisone was associated with higher very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, HDL, and triglycerides."	1.43	Longitudinal Evaluation of Lipoprotein Variables in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reveals Adverse Changes with Disease Activity and Prednisone and More Favorable Profiles with Hydroxychloroquine Therapy. ( Connelly, MA; Durcan, L; Magder, LS; Otvos, JD; Petri, M; Winegar, DA, 2016)
"Prednisone dose was gradually decreased to 5."	1.43	Efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient presenting with inclusion body myositis. ( Pérez-Berenguer, JL; Varela-Rosario, N; Vilá, LM, 2016)
"Active lupus nephritis is a predictor for poor outcomes of pregnancies in SLE patients."	1.43	[Analysis of pregnancy outcomes in 66 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Chen, JM; Song, XZ; Zhou, QG, 2016)
"Cataract is the most common ocular damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.42	Risk factors for cataracts in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ( Alderaan, K; Magder, LS; Petri, M; Sekicki, V, 2015)
"IPO and ureterohydronephrosis are severe complications of SLE."	1.42	Clinical analysis of 61 systemic lupus erythematosus patients with intestinal pseudo-obstruction and/or ureterohydronephrosis: a retrospective observational study. ( Fang, W; Hou, Y; Huang, X; Li, M; Liu, J; Tian, X; Wang, Q; Wu, D; Xu, N; Zeng, X; Zhang, F; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhao, J; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2015)
" Within 1 month after initiating dapsone therapy and increasing the dosage of prednisone, skin lesions promptly resolved."	1.42	Detection of Type VII Collagen Autoantibodies Before the Onset of Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ( Chong, BF; Grabell, DA; Matthews, LA; Yancey, KB, 2015)
"Chloroquine has a protective effect on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in these patients, and this benefit counteracts the deleterious effect of glucocorticoids in a dose-dependent manner."	1.42	Impact of Therapy on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adult Premenopausal Female Lupus Patients: Beneficial Effect of Antimalarials. ( Bonfá, E; Borba, EF; Muniz, LF; Pereira, RMR; Silva, TF, 2015)
"When prednisone was added to 120 mg/d with combination therapy of cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine, her skin ulcer cicatrized gradually."	1.42	[Systemic lupus erythmatosus and panniculitis presenting as multiple ulcers: one case report]. ( Hao, YJ; Wang, Y; Zhang, ZL; Zhao, J, 2015)
"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are life-threatening dermatological conditions."	1.42	[Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. ( Bellakhal, S; Ben Kaab, B; Derbel, F; Douggui, MH; Souissi, A; Teyeb, Z, 2015)
"Occlusive lupus retinal vasculitis has severe visual and systemic consequences (central nervous system vasculitis)."	1.40	[Retinal vasculopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case of lupus vasculitis and a case of non-vasculitis venous occlusion]. ( Adán, A; Figueras-Roca, M; Fontenla, JR; Llorens, V; Mesquida, M; Pelegrín, L; Rey, A, 2014)
"005) and mean daily prednisone dosage (29."	1.40	Prolonged improvement of childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus following systematic administration of rituximab and cyclophosphamide. ( Adams, A; Alperin, R; Barinstein, L; Lehman, TJ; Moorthy, N; Ramanathan, A; Singh, C, 2014)
"Here we report a case of a 22-year-old systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient with three years' disease duration, stable on prednisone and hydroxychloroquine, who was found to have prolactinoma and recurrent GM after she discontinued medication on her own accord."	1.40	An SLE patient with prolactinoma and recurrent granulomatous mastitis successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine and bromocriptine. ( Shi, TY; Yang, YJ; Zhang, FC; Zhang, LN, 2014)
"Both acute pancreatitis and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage are rare conditions associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.40	Severe multiorganic flare of systemic lupus erythematosus successfully treated with rituximab and cyclophosphamide avoiding high doses of prednisone. ( Gonzalez-Echavarri, C; Pernas, B; Ruiz-Irastorza, G; Ugarte, A, 2014)
"Prednisone doses were calculated at the end of the fourth year of follow-up (prednisone-4)."	1.40	Glucocorticoids and irreversible damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Cabezas-Rodriguez, I; Medina, JA; Moran, MA; Ruiz-Arruza, I; Ruiz-Irastorza, G; Ugarte, A, 2014)
"A young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with interventricular septal hypertrophy exhibited a high pressure gradient between the ascending aorta and left ventricular outflow tract as well as significant systolic anterior motion (SAM) and mitral regurgitation (MR) during high-dose prednisone treatment."	1.40	Prednisone induced two-way myocardial development in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( He, B; Jiang, M; Pu, J; Shen, XD, 2014)
"Organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is highly associated with the use of corticosteroids."	1.39	Predictors of corticosteroid tapering in SLE patients: the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. ( Fang, H; Magder, LS; Petri, M; Zahr, ZA, 2013)
"Many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have central nervous system involvement."	1.39	Resolution of neuropsychological and FDG-PET abnormalities in a patient with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Adeli, A; Drubach, DA; Machulda, MM, 2013)
"Thrombocytosis has rarely been reported in association with SLE and may occur as a result of active disease or reactive due to underlying inflammatory process."	1.39	Thrombocytosis in a patient with systemic lupus. ( Abid, N, 2013)
"The progression from DLE to systemic lupus erythematosus has been reported in up to 28% of patients."	1.39	Pulmonary hemorrhage in a patient initially presenting with discoid lupus. ( Jiménez-Encarnación, E; Vilá, S; Vilá-Rivera, K, 2013)
"Treatment with clarithromycin monotherapy resulted in clinical remission."	1.39	Epithelioid histiocytic infiltrate caused by Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection: a potential mimic of various neoplastic entities. ( Abbey, BV; Jakubovic, HR; Lai, J, 2013)
"Systemic lupus erythematosus is one of the diseases, which can be associated with thrombotic microangiopathy."	1.39	Auricular chondritis and thrombotic microangiopathy: an unusual combination revealing systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Anguel, N; Bellon, N; Goujard, C; Lambotte, O; Vandendries, C, 2013)
"We screened consecutive childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients in a longitudinal cohort at the pediatric rheumatology unit of the State University of Campinas between 2009 and 2010."	1.38	Clinical and serological manifestations associated with interferon-α levels in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Appenzeller, S; Lavras Costallat, LT; Marini, R; Peliçari, KO; Postal, M; Sinicato, NA, 2012)
"Fatigue is a major problem in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the physiological substrate of this fatigue is largely unclear."	1.38	Fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. ( Bijl, M; Bijlsma, JW; Bossema, ER; Derksen, RH; Geenen, R; Godaert, GL; Hartkamp, A; Overman, CL, 2012)
"Treatment with dapsone resulted in complete resolution of the skin lesions."	1.37	Erythema elevatum diutinum in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Chan, Y; Mok, CC; Tang, WY, 2011)
"A 36-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted to our hospital with malaise, myalgia, dysphagia, fever, preserved muscle strength, leukocytosis (15,600 cells), and increased creatine kinase of 1,358 IU/L that reached 75,000 IU/L in few days."	1.37	Fatal rhabdomyolysis in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bonfa, E; da Mota, LM; de Carvalho, JF, 2011)
"Catatonia is a syndrome of physical and behavioral abnormalities that can result from psychiatric, neurological, or medical illness."	1.37	Catatonia as the presenting symptom in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Pustilnik, S; Trutia, A, 2011)
"However, a few cases of minimal change glomerulopathy have been reported in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.37	A case of minimal change disease treated successfully with mycophenolate mofetil in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Hong, YH; Jung, YW; Kim, HJ; Lee, CK; Oh, MJ; Yun, DY, 2011)
"Fifty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 13 with active lupus nephritis, eight with thrombocytopenia, three with leukocytopenia, 25 with severe musculoskeletal involvement and three with skin involvement) refractory to conventional therapy were treated with anti-CD20 treatment (rituximab; MabThera, Roche) plus ongoing immunosuppressive treatment."	1.36	Anti-CD20 therapy in patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal analysis of 52 Hispanic patients. ( Beltran-Castillo, A; Garcia-Carrasco, M; Gonzalez, L; Graillet, D; Jimenez-Hernandez, M; Lopez-Colombo, A; Mendoza-Pinto, C; Pineda-Almazana, A; Rojas-Rodriguez, J; Sandoval-Cruz, M; Soto-Vega, E; Zamudio-Huerta, L, 2010)
"Systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed."	1.36	Polyarthritis and anemia in a hemodialysis patient: systemic lupus erythematosus following treatment with interferon alpha. ( Galicier, L; Glotz, D; Peraldi, MN; Pillebout, E; Ripault, MP; Touzot, F; Touzot, M, 2010)
"Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease that presents with recurrent arteriovenous thrombosis, repeated pregnancy loss and elevated titres of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood."	1.36	Antiphospholipid syndrome in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Paudyal, B, 2010)
"An 8-yr-old girl with familial systemic lupus erythematosus and several severe manifestations, including persistent thrombocytopenia, rapidly progressive renal failure and hepatic failure is described."	1.35	Familial systemic lupus erythematosus with hypercalcemia. ( Bagga, A; Kohli, U; Lodha, R, 2008)
"Azathioprine treatment was associated with increased CIMT."	1.35	Premature atherosclerosis in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors for increased carotid intima-media thickness in the atherosclerosis prevention in pediatric lupus erythematosus cohort. ( Ardoin, SP; Barnhart, HX; Bowyer, SL; Brunner, HI; Eberhard, A; Evans, GW; Higgins, GC; Ilowite, NT; Jung, L; Kimura, Y; Klein-Gitelman, M; Levy, DM; McCurdy, D; Mieszkalski, KL; Punaro, L; Reed, A; Sandborg, C; Schanberg, LE; Sherry, DD; Silver, R; Silverman, E; Singer, NG; Soep, JB; von Scheven, E; Wagner-Weiner, L; Wallace, C; Yow, E, 2009)
"Infection fever was found to be associated with the use of azathioprine within the last six months."	1.35	The causes and clinical significance of fever in systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study of 487 hospitalised patients. ( Yang, CD; Zhou, WJ, 2009)
"Prednisone treatment, even at moderate doses, increases the risk, whilst antimalarials have a protective effect."	1.35	Predictors of major infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Aguirre, C; Egurbide, MV; Martinez-Berriotxoa, A; Olivares, N; Ruiz-Arruza, I; Ruiz-Irastorza, G, 2009)
"Maintenance therapy of severe pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) usually consists of azathioprine and prednisone ."	1.35	Experience with mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy in five pediatric patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Amann, K; Benz, K; Dittrich, K; Dötsch, J; Ross, S, 2009)
"Patients who developed renal and CNS disease more than 1 year after diagnosis had higher SLEDAI scores at disease onset."	1.35	Clinical and laboratory characteristics and long-term outcome of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal study. ( Benseler, SM; Harvey, E; Hebert, D; Hiraki, LT; Silverman, ED; Tyrrell, PN, 2008)
"A 53-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus who was receiving chronic low-dose prednisone treatment developed proptosis of the right eye."	1.35	Third cranial nerve palsy caused by intracranial extension of a sino-orbital natural killer T-cell lymphoma. ( Chen, CS; Eberhart, C; Lane, A; Miller, NR, 2008)
"A 43-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was admitted with fever and shortness of breath 1 month after aortic valve replacement."	1.35	Establishing the diagnosis of Libman-Sacks endocarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Ménard, GE, 2008)
"Association of celiac disease with systemic lupus erythematosus is rare, even though HLA B8 and DR3 are commonly associated with these diseases."	1.35	Systemic lupus erythematosus, celiac disease and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a rare association. ( Gupta, D; Mirza, N, 2008)
"Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom, present in 34 (87%) patients."	1.34	Abdominal manifestations in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bader-Meunier, B; Lemelle, I; Loirat, C; Piette, JC; Pillet, P; Quartier, P; Ranchin, B; Richer, O; Salomon, R; Ulinski, T, 2007)
"Lupus myocarditis is usually not detected until significant decrease in myocardial function becomes clinically evident."	1.34	Utility of cardiac MRI for diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of lupus myocarditis. ( Ashikyan, O; Nunez, ME; Saggar, R; Saremi, F; Vu, J, 2007)
"Lipid abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are common and are likely to be one of the causes of premature atherosclerosis in these patients."	1.34	Longitudinal examination of lipid profiles in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Beyene, J; Feldman, B; McCrindle, B; Sarkissian, T; Silverman, ED, 2007)
"Serositis was resolved in both cases."	1.34	[Rituximab for treatment of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases]. ( Castillo Palma, MJ; Colorado Bonilla, R; García Hernández, FJ; Garrido Rasco, R; González León, R; Ocaña Medina, C; Sánchez Román, J, 2007)
" Adverse events observed after treatment with chloroquine or prednisone (chloroquine maculopathy,cataract, glaucoma) are related to dosage and duration of the treatment."	1.34	[Ocular changes and general condition in lupus erythematosus (SLE)--own observation]. ( Brydak-Godowska, J, 2007)
"In 1999 she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on her symptoms of malar rash, polyarthritis, leukopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and positive anti-DNA antibody test."	1.34	Successful rituximab-CHOP treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ( Gergely, L; Illes, A; Kiss, E; Ress, Z; Simon, Z; Tarr, T, 2007)
"Humans and mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related autoimmune diseases have reduced numbers of NK T cells."	1.33	CD226 expression deficiency causes high sensitivity to apoptosis in NK T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Boquan, J; Feili, G; Jinquan, T; Junyan, L; Qun, W; Shangwu, L; Tao, D; Wei, J; Yan, L, 2005)
"Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often produce autoantibodies against a large number of antigens."	1.33	Isaacs' syndrome (autoimmune neuromyotonia) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Taylor, PW, 2005)
"Eosinophilic enteritis is a rare disorder of uncertain cause that was recently reported for the first time in association with SLE."	1.33	Eosinophilic enteritis with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Baethge, BA; Luu, N; Sunkureddi, PR; Tang, WW; Xiao, SY, 2005)
"Influenza vaccination in SLE patients with quiescent disease is safe but is less effective than in controls."	1.33	Safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with quiescent disease. ( Benne, CA; Bijl, M; De Vries, JJ; Holvast, A; Horst, G; Huckriede, A; Kallenberg, CG; Wilschut, J, 2006)
" Comparison of lipid levels at different prednisone dosages and disease activity levels revealed that changes in triglyceride levels were mainly associated with changes in disease activity, changes in both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were associated with changes in the prednisone dosage and not disease activity, and low levels of HDL cholesterol were associated with active SLE, whereas the prednisone dosage was associated with increased levels of HDL cholesterol."	1.33	The complex nature of the interaction between disease activity and therapy on the lipid profile in patients with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Adeli, K; Beyenne, J; Feldman, B; Sarkissian, T; Silverman, E, 2006)
"The overall recurrence rate was three per 100 person-years, with an expected recurrence-free proportion of 73% with a 180 months median follow-up."	1.33	Treatment of isolated severe immune hemolytic anaemia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: 26 cases. ( Broussolle, C; Gomard-Mennesson, E; Koenig, M; Magy, N; Ninet, J; Rousset, H; Ruivard, M; Salles, G; Sève, P; Woods, A, 2006)
"Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) occurs mainly in the setting of serious infections and lymphomas."	1.33	Characteristics and long-term outcome of 15 episodes of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. ( Amoura, Z; Bader-Meunier, B; Delfraissy, JF; Godeau, B; Goujard, C; Harmouche, H; Khellaf, M; Lambotte, O; Manceron, V; Piette, JC, 2006)
"This is the first case report of severe acute pancreatitis in the setting of overlap syndrome of SLE and SSc."	1.33	A case of severe acute pancreatitis, in overlap syndrome of systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, successfully treated with plasmapheresis. ( Hara, M; Kamatani, N; Koizumi, K; Okamoto, H; Suzuki, Y; Tateishi, M, 2006)
"Lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) is a rare disorder characterized by a bleeding tendency due to factor II deficiency associated with the presence of lupus anticoagulant (LAC) autoantibodies."	1.33	Thromboembolism complicating the treatment of lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome. ( Rich, E; Senécal, JL; Vinet, E, 2006)
"The median time to recurrence was 33 months (range 4-120)."	1.33	Recurrent immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children. ( Jayabose, S; Levendoglu-Tugal, O; Ozkaynak, MF; Sandoval, C, 2006)
"A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by multiple myeloma is presented."	1.32	Multiple myeloma associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Kaklamanis, P; Konstantopoulos, K; Mantzourani, M; Vaiopoulos, G, 2003)
" Psychosis was unpredictable by the routes and dosage of corticosteroid used."	1.32	Factors predictive of corticosteroid psychosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Chau, SY; Mok, CC, 2003)
"Pulmonary hemorrhage is a major life-threatening manifestation in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as in adults."	1.32	Treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus with mycophenolate mofetil. ( Lindsley, CB; Samad, AS, 2003)
"Prednisone was used by 87."	1.32	Accrual of organ damage over time in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Gladman, DD; Ibañez, D; Rahman, P; Tam, LS; Urowitz, MB, 2003)
"Current vasculitis was also associated with abnormal scintigraphy."	1.32	Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary disease risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Barbieri, A; Leite, WA; Oliveira Filho, JA; Sato, EI; Sella, EM, 2003)
" Patients with carotid abnormalities were significantly older, had higher blood pressure and total serum cholesterol levels, and had taken a higher prednisone cumulative dosage than those without any lesions."	1.32	Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in a prospective cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Corbanese, S; Doria, A; Favaretto, E; Gambari, PF; Ghirardello, A; Gilburd, B; Iaccarino, L; Patnaik, M; Pauletto, P; Peter, JB; Puato, M; Sherer, Y; Shoenfeld, Y; Todesco, S; Wu, R; Zampieri, S, 2003)
"Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (LO-SLE) is a very rare cause of FUO in elderly patients."	1.32	An uncommon cause of fever in the elderly: late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Beyan, C; Beyan, E; Uzuner, A, 2003)
"Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare disease associated with subepidermal blistering and, in most cases, severe systemic manifestations."	1.32	[Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Bacman, D; Kuhn, A; Megahed, M; Ostendorf, B; Ruzicka, T; Schneider, M, 2004)
"Acquired ichthyosis is an uncommon disease, it is characterized by symmetric scaling of the skin, which ranges from minor roughness and dryness to the desquamation of large plaques."	1.32	Acquired ichthyosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Guevara-Gutiérrez, E; Salazar-Páramo, M; Tlacuilo-Parra, JA, 2004)
"The diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were not fulfilled either."	1.32	Late puerperal thrombohemorrhagic complications in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome. ( Bladt, V; d'Amore, F; Laursen, B; Petersen, OB; Poulsen, LH; Steengaard-Pedersen, K, 2004)
"The authors present a case of Kikuchi's disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune-like hepatitis."	1.32	Kikuchi's disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune-like hepatitis. ( Ardeleanu, C; Atanasiu, C; Niţescu, D; Stăniceanu, F; Tănăsescu, C, 2003)
"Zoledronic acid is a new intravenous bisphosphonate that has been approved by the US FDA for use with hypercalcemia of malignancies and might be an effective treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis."	1.32	The effect of intravenous zoledronic acid on glucocorticoid-induced multiple vertebral fractures in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Borges, CT; Jorgetti, V; Pereira, RM; Souza, SC, 2004)
" Our findings revealed a dose-response relationship between 8-iso-PGF2alpha concentrations and the dosage of prednisone."	1.32	8-Isoprostaglandin F2 alpha: a potential index of lipid peroxidation in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Abou-Raya, A; el-Hallous, D; Fayed, H, 2004)
"We report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) whose initial presentation was in the form of myocarditis."	1.32	Myocarditis as an initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Behera, M; Mishra, TK; Patnaik, UK; Routray, SN, 2004)
"The overlapping syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hepatitis, and autoimmune hyperlipidemia is discussed."	1.31	Autoimmune hyperlipidemia in a child with autoimmune hepatitis. ( Betzhold, J; Merati, S; Rumbo, C; Shneider, BL, 2002)
"Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is characterized by diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrations in both lower lobes."	1.31	Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis associated with Epstein-Barr virus in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome. Complete remission with corticosteriod and cyclophosphamide. ( Choi, SJ; Kim, ES; Lee, HK; Ok, KS; Yum, HK, 2002)
"According to published reports, intracranial tuberculomas are always due to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis."	1.31	A meningioma-mimicking tumor caused by Mycobacterium avium complex in an immunocompromised patient. ( Brooks, A; Di Patre, PL; Martin, NA; Radziszewski, W; Vinters, HV, 2000)
"In the glomerulonephritides of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the number of subendothelial deposits, when present, generally corresponds to the degree of light microscopic glomerular hypercellularity; only very rarely are no or few such deposits present in cases of focal (WHO class III) or diffuse (WHO class IV) proliferative lupus nephritis."	1.31	"Pauci-Immune" proliferative and necrotizing glomerulonephritis with thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus-like syndrome. ( Charney, DA; Nadasdy, T; Nassar, G; Truong, L, 2000)
"The effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment drugs on PKC (protein kinase C) activity and cell growth was studied using GI-101A breast tumor cells."	1.31	Effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment drugs on GI-101A breast tumor cell growth. ( Fernandez, Y; Ramakrishnan, R; Rathinavelu, A, 2000)
"An 18-year-old Saudi male with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with mild right hemiparesis, followed by recurrent ischemic stroke."	1.31	Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with moyamoya syndrome. ( Al Rayes, HM; El Ramahi, KM, 2000)
"Hepatitis A is a common self-limited liver disease."	1.31	Lupus-like syndrome with submassive hepatic necrosis associated with hepatitis A. ( Hadari, R; Hershkoviz, R; Mekori, YA; Schneider, M; Segev, A; Zehavi, T, 2001)
"A diagnosis of occult systemic lupus erythematosus resulting in increased intestinal vascular permeability was made."	1.31	Primary protein-losing enteropathy in anti-double-stranded DNA disease: the initial and sole clinical manifestation of occult systemic lupus erythematosus? ( Northcott, KA; Steinbrecher, UP; Yoshida, EM, 2001)
"Prednisone 15 mg/day was reintroduced and hydroxychloroquine stopped being a possible cause of the facial hyperpigmented macules."	1.31	Multiple eruptive dermatofibromas in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with prednisone. ( Massone, C; Parodi, A; Rebora, A; Virno, G, 2002)
"The major risk factors for disease progression were late stage of disease (Stage III) at presentation and radiographic extent of the lesion (>200 degrees), regardless of diagnosis."	1.30	Core decompression for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Fairbank, AC; Hungerford, DS; Mont, MA; Petri, M, 1997)
"Pregnancy was authorized if disease was inactive on 20 mg/day prednisone or less for at least 1 yr."	1.30	Outcome of planned pregnancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study on 62 pregnancies. ( Blétry, O; Darbois, Y; Godeau, P; Lê Huong, D; Lefèbvre, G; Piette, JC; Seebacher, J; Vauthier-Brouzes, D; Wechsler, B, 1997)
"Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequent and severe, however, myelopathy is rarely reported (0."	1.30	[Lupic spinal cord diseases and antiphospholipid antibodies]. ( Bahloul, Z; Ben Hmida, M; Feki, I; Hachicha, J; Jlidi, R; Masmoudi, H; Mhiri, C; Triki, C, 1997)
"The case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and transverse myelitis, who presented a favourable clinical course following early treatment with high-dose corticoids, is reported."	1.30	[Favorable response to corticoid therapy in a patient with transverse myelitis in systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Benito, P; Blanch, J; Campillo, MA; Márquez, MA; Martí, N; Pros, A, 1997)
"We report an 8-month-old boy with systemic lupus erythematosus and World Health Organization class IV lupus nephritis who has gone into complete clinical and serological remission with pulse i."	1.30	Remission of infantile systemic lupus erythematosus with intravenous cyclophosphamide. ( Jones, BA; Saberi, MS, 1998)
"We describe a patient with quiet systemic lupus erythematosus who developed a hypereosinophilic syndrome."	1.30	Hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with diarrhoea and anaemia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Beerman, H; Markusse, HM; Schravenhoff, R, 1998)
"Interstitial cystitis was confirmed on bladder biopsy specimen."	1.30	[Lupus interstitial cystitis. Apropos of a case]. ( Benghanem Gharbi, M; Hachim, K; Jabrane, A; Ramdani, B; Zaïd, D, 1998)
"Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of thrombosis, related to the lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL)."	1.30	Antithrombin, protein S and protein C and antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Annichino-Bizzacchi, JM; Costallat, LT; Ribeiro, CC, 1998)
"Transverse myelitis is a rare and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.30	Longitudinal involvement of the spinal cord in a patient with lupus related transverse myelitis. ( Bennett, RM; Deodhar, AA; Hochenedel, T, 1999)
"A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed primary subcutaneous nocardiosis during steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy for diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis."	1.30	Primary subcutaneous nocardial infection in a SLE patient. ( Balbir-Gurman, A; Nahir, AM; Schapira, D, 1999)
"We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and severe insulin resistance due to insulin receptor antibodies."	1.30	Insulin receptor antibodies and insulin resistance. ( Magsino, CH; Spencer, J, 1999)
"In human patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous subepidermal blistering can occur because of the production of antibodies specific for basement membrane antigens."	1.30	Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (type I) in a dog. ( Chen, M; Dunston, SM; Murphy, KM; Olivry, T; Savary, KC, 1999)
"Thrombocytopenia was refractory to any therapy."	1.30	[32-year-old patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia and ischemic cerebrovascular insult and antiphospholipid antibodies]. ( Demarmels Biasiutti, F; Rigamonti Wermelinger, V, 1999)
"Thirteen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without avascular necrosis and with long-term corticosteroid treatment and 12 healthy subjects were evaluated."	1.29	Femoral head perfusion and composition: MR imaging and spectroscopic evaluation of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and at risk for avascular necrosis. ( Bluemke, DA; Petri, M; Zerhouni, EA, 1995)
"A 39-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus who was taking corticosteroids had a prosthetic hip infection with Streptococcus oralis after a dental procedure despite prophylaxis with erythromycin."	1.29	Prosthetic hip infection related to a dental procedure despite antibiotic prophylaxis. ( Coykendall, AL; Skiest, DJ, 1995)
"Shrinking lung syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by dyspnea, diaphragmatic elevation with decreased mobility, and a restrictive defect."	1.29	Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. A report of three cases. ( Bussière, JL; Dubost, JJ; Oualid, T; Piette, JC; Rami, S; Ristori, JM; Soubrier, M; Urosevic, Z, 1995)
"Gastric outlet obstruction was shown on the air contrast examination while the mucosa at endoscopy was normal."	1.29	Gastric outlet obstruction as a presenting manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Breedveld, FC; Chandie Shaw, MP; Lamers, CB; Macfarlane, JD; Posthuma, EF; van der Sluys Veer, A; Warmerdam, P, 1994)
"We report a 49 years old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and a WHO type IV nephropathy, treated with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day po and cyclophosphamide 1 g/month iv."	1.29	[Lupus erythematosus disseminatus and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. ( Guzmán, L; Neira, O; Wainstein, E, 1993)
"End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the most significant complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.29	Treatment of end-stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis: comparison of six patients treated with both peritoneal and hemodialysis. ( Krane, NK; Stock, GG, 1993)
" If disease activity allows, a reduction in prednisone dosage may reduce the risk of bacterial superinfection during zoster episodes."	1.29	Herpes zoster infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and outcome. ( Kahl, LE, 1994)
"A man with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving chronic steroid therapy presented with headache, fever and panophthalmitis."	1.29	Acute syphilitic meningitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Cronstein, B; Goldman, R; Lewis, S, 1993)
"Secondary erythermalgia, as a symptom of an underlying illness, is characterized by burning pain in the extremities together with local erythema and warmth."	1.29	Secondary erythermalgia in systemic lupus erythematosus; [comment]. ( Drenth, JP; Michiels, JJ; van Joost, T; Vuzevski, VD, 1993)
"Although myelofibrosis has been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), this coexistence must be rare since there are few reports showing this combination."	1.29	Neutropenia associated with myelofibrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Borba, EF; Goncalves, CR; Pereira, IA; Pereira, RM; Velloso, ED; Yoshinari, NH, 1993)
"A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with fever, heart failure, and left ventricular (LV) aneurysm is reported."	1.29	Acute myocarditis and left ventricular aneurysm as presentations of systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Caldarulo, M; Frustaci, A; Gentiloni, N, 1996)
"Treatment with prednisone (2 mg/kg/day) resulted in regression of her dyspnoea with a decrease of systolic pulmonary artery pressure to 65 mmHg, and of the arterio-capillary gradient to 15 mmHg; the lupus serology became negative with a clinical follow-up of 37 months."	1.29	[Precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension disclosing systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Babuty, D; Cosnay, P; Fauchier, JP; Fauchier, L; Goupille, P; Marchal, C; Valat, JP, 1996)
"A patient with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had a chronic deficiency in C4 because the hereditary deficiency in C1-inhibitor allowed the C1 in her serum to become activated and then inactivate C4."	1.29	Antibody to C1-inhibitor in a patient receiving C1-inhibitor infusions for treatment of hereditary angioneurotic edema with systemic lupus erythematosus reacts with a normal allotype of residue 458 of C1-inhibitor. ( Bissler, JJ; Burton, MF; Davis, AE; Donaldson, VH; Welch, TR, 1996)
"To characterize the features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients who flare after a period of inactive disease, we conducted a retrospective chart review."	1.29	Reactivation of inactive systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Aranow, C; Barland, P; Emy, J, 1996)
"The resolution of the disseminated nocardiosis and efficacy of the clarithromycin treatment were assessed on the basis of disappearance of the antibodies to the 55-kDa antigen, without invasive sampling."	1.29	Western blot monitoring of disseminated Nocardia nova infection treated with clarithromycin, imipenem, and surgical drainage. ( Becq-Giraudon, B; Breton, I; Burucoa, C; Fauchère, JL; Ramassamy, A; Soyer, J, 1996)
"We studied 75 cases of canine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting with at least four criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA), including antinuclear antibodies (ANAb)."	1.28	Canine systemic lupus erythematosus. I: A study of 75 cases. ( Caux, C; Chabanne, L; Faure, JR; Fournel, C; Magnol, JP; Monier, JC; Rigal, D, 1992)
"Twenty-eight patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with mental disturbances were analyzed clinically (1983-1990)."	1.28	The diagnosis and steroid "pulse" therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with mental disturbances in the general hospital. ( Li, S; Wang, J, 1992)
"Two cases of cryptococcal meningitis occurring in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are presented, and 24 additional cases from the literature are reviewed."	1.28	Cryptococcal meningitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Lally, EV; Spiegel, M; Zimmermann, B, 1992)
"Five developed septic arthritis, including the site of a hip prosthesis in one patient."	1.28	Salmonella arizona arthritis and septicemia associated with rattlesnake ingestion by patients with connective tissue diseases. A dangerous complication of folk medicine. ( Alarcón-Segovia, D; Guerra-Bautista, G; Kraus, A, 1991)
"Naproxen, however, has only once been reported to cause meningitis."	1.28	Naproxen-induced recurrent aseptic meningitis. ( Lehany, AM; Weksler, BB, 1991)
"In five, a concomitant severe infection was detected."	1.28	Adult respiratory distress syndrome: an unrecognized premortem event in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Andonopoulos, AP, 1991)
"Choroidal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs infrequently."	1.28	Subretinal neovascularization in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Dreyer, EB; Morgan, CM, 1991)
"A recurrence was observed in two patients, at 12 and 39 months respectively."	1.28	[Intensified therapy of severe lupus erythematosus]. ( Euler, HH; Gutschmidt, HJ; Harten, P; Löffler, H; Schröder, JO; Stueber, F; Zeuner, RA, 1991)
"The appearance of chorea due to systemic lupus erythematosus is extremely rare."	1.28	[Chorea and systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Aladro, Y; Amérigo, MJ; Antolín, J; Artiles, J; Cárdenes, MA; Gómez, E, 1990)
" After increasing the dosage of prednisone, she recovered almost completely from this episode."	1.28	[Cerebral disseminated lupus erythematosus; brain-racking for patient and physician]. ( de Glas-Vos, JW; Prins, JM, 1990)
"Treatment with prednisone was accompanied by resolution of hypoglycemic episodes and disappearance of the antireceptor antibodies."	1.28	Hypoglycemia due to antiinsulin receptor antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Boden, G; Lopatin, M; Varga, J, 1990)
"13) or current dosage of prednisone (r = 0."	1.28	Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus detected by echocardiography. ( Crozier, IG; Li, E; Milne, MJ; Nicholls, MG, 1990)
"Most frequent are preeclampsia, premature labour, foetal maldevelopment and flare-ups of the underlying disease."	1.28	[Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Clinical aspects, serology and management]. ( DuBois, A; Hillemanns, HG; Kerl, J; Quaas, L; Röther, E; Runge, HM, 1990)
"Two patients had systemic lupus erythematosus, and the other five fulfilled criteria for the primary antiphospholipid syndrome."	1.28	Fetal loss treatment in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. ( Barquinero, J; Genover, E; Jordana, R; Ordi, J; Selva, A; Tolosa, C; Vilardell, M, 1989)
"To evaluate risk for exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy, we prospectively evaluated 80 pregnant women with SLE for manifestations of disease activity."	1.28	Pregnancy does not cause systemic lupus erythematosus to worsen. ( Lockshin, MD, 1989)
"Interstitial pneumonitis has previously been thought to be an uncommon feature in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.28	Lupus pneumonitis and anti-SSA(Ro) antibodies. ( Boulware, DW; Hedgpeth, MT, 1989)
"Papilledema is often listed in textbooks as one of the neurologic manifestations in SLE."	1.28	Pseudotumor cerebri in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Ho, PC; Li, EK, 1989)
"A 63-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and selective IgA deficiency developed intractable diarrhoea the day after treatment with prednisone, 50 mg daily, was started."	1.28	Bacterial overgrowth after high-dose corticosteroid treatment. ( Denison, H; Wallerstedt, S, 1989)
"Six of 9 patients with ESRD and SLE died with active SLE and/or sepsis 1-28 months following the onset of dialysis."	1.28	Poor prognosis in end-stage lupus nephritis due to nonautologous vascular access site associated septicemia and lupus flares. ( Adler, SG; Cohen, AH; Louie, JS; Sires, RL, 1989)
"Treatment of lupus nephritis with high dose prednisone alone or in combination with immunosuppressants did not result in differences in patient survival or renal function preservation."	1.28	Systemic lupus erythematosus. III. Observations on clinical renal involvement and follow up of renal function: Dutch experience with 110 patients studied prospectively. ( Bronsveld, W; Nossent, JC; Swaak, AJ, 1989)
"The Kluver-Bucy syndrome has not been previously reported as a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.28	Kluver-Bucy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Costa, T; Ferro, JM; Foreid, JP; Levy, A; Oliveira, V, 1989)
"Treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide failed to induce remission."	1.27	Plasmapheresis-immunoadsorption for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog. ( Gordon, BR; Hurvitz, AI; Matus, RE; Saal, S; Scott, RC, 1983)
"Most autoimmune diseases are responsive to corticosteroids administered in dosages sufficient to shut off the inflammatory process."	1.27	Corticosteroids in autoimmune disease. ( Fauci, AS, 1983)
"A clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made in four women."	1.27	Lupus anticoagulant in pregnancy. ( Butler, WS; Liggins, GC; Lubbe, WF; Palmer, SJ, 1984)
"We describe two female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed severe aplastic anemia."	1.27	Aplastic anemia complicating systemic lupus erythematosus: response to androgens in two patients. ( Shuman, MA; Stricker, RB, 1984)
"Laryngeal complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are rarely described."	1.27	Laryngeal complications in a patient with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Block, LJ; Korbet, SM; Lewis, EJ, 1984)
"Eleven patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, previously untreated, were studied to 1) determine the acute effect of corticosteroids on circulating immune complex (CIC) levels and 2) correlate the initial CIC profile with the development of organ system involvement."	1.27	Acute effects of steroids on immune complex profile of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Correlation of profile with development of target organ involvement. ( Birchmore, DA; Boyd, RE; Davis, JS; Kaiser, DL; Young, AC, 1983)
"Culture proven bacterial endocarditis occurred in 6 of 571 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted to the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."	1.27	Bacterial endocarditis complicating systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Hastings, C; Klippel, JH; Lehman, TJ; Palmeri, ST; Plotz, PH, 1983)
"The significance of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear."	1.27	The significance of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Gladman, DD; Miller, MH; Urowitz, MB, 1983)
"A 26-year-old white woman developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and extensive soft tissue calcification."	1.27	Systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse soft tissue calcifications. ( Carette, S; Urowitz, MB, 1983)
"Toxic shock syndrome is rarely reported in patients who are immunosuppressed, perhaps because such patients are often treated vigorously with antibiotics at the earliest sign of infection."	1.27	Toxic shock syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Birmingham, CL; Chan, RM; Graham, HR, 1983)
"Tendon rupture in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare complication that appears to occur in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy."	1.27	Multiple tendon rupture in systemic lupus erythematosus: case report and review of the literature. ( Bassan, HM; Potasman, I, 1984)
"The pancreatitis was first manifested by panniculitis of the lower extremities."	1.27	Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. Association with pancreatitis, subcutaneous fat necrosis, and calcinosis cutis. ( Gorman, H; Penneys, N; Schachner, L; Simons-Ling, N; Strauss, J; Zillereulo, G, 1983)
" The mean dosage of azathioprin and prednisone in patients with SLE did not significantly differ from the non-SLE group."	1.27	[Reactivation of the alpha 1-fetoprotein synthesis in systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Knopf, B; Schulze, M; Wollina, U, 1985)
"We report a case of IBM associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and modest response of the myopathy to corticosteroid therapy."	1.27	Inclusion body myositis and systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Smith, TW; Yood, RA, 1985)
"Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are at increased risk for premature atherosclerosis."	1.27	Dyslipoproteinemia in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Ginzler, E; Ilowite, NT; Jacobson, MS; Samuel, P, 1988)
"We examined a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa."	1.27	Pseudomonas septicemia with nodules and bullae. ( Fleming, MG; Milburn, PB; Prose, NS, 1987)
"A 5-year-old girl who developed systemic lupus erythematosus 3 1/2 years after having had Kawasaki disease was found to be homozygous at both class I and class II MHC loci."	1.27	Occurrence of Kawasaki disease and systemic lupus erythematosus in a single patient. ( Cameron, BJ; Laxer, RM; Silverman, ED, 1988)
"Myocarditis is present in more than 50% of patients with SLE at autopsy, but it may be silent clinically during life."	1.27	Endomyocardial biopsy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Fairfax, MJ; Moore, TL; Osborn, TG; Tsai, CC; Williams, GA, 1988)
"The prednisone-treated group had higher mean plasma levels of triglyceride [2."	1.27	Elevated apolipoprotein-B levels in corticosteroid-treated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Ettinger, WH; Hazzard, WR, 1988)
"These findings suggest systemic lupus erythematosus although she had no symptoms other than those of ATM."	1.27	Recurrent transverse myelitis associated with collagen disease. ( Yamamoto, M, 1986)
"We studied two patients, one with systemic lupus erythematosus and the other with myasthenia gravis, both of whom had coexistent blepharospasm."	1.27	Blepharospasm and autoimmune diseases. ( Jankovic, J; Patten, BM, 1987)
"We report a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by pseudotumor cerebri which resolved with high dosage corticosteroid therapy."	1.27	Dural sinus thrombosis: a mechanism for pseudotumor cerebri in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Goodwin, JA; Levinson, DJ; Parnass, SM; Patel, DV; Reinhard, JD, 1987)
"A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed osteonecrosis in 13 sites is presented."	1.27	Multiple osteonecrotic lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Avrahami, E; Caspi, D; Eventov, I; Fishel, B; Yaron, M, 1987)
" The daily prednisone dosage in the treated patients with SLE correlated with levels of cholesterol (r = 0."	1.27	Dyslipoproteinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus. Effect of corticosteroids. ( Applebaum-Bowden, D; Ettinger, WH; Goldberg, AP; Hazzard, WR, 1987)
"Hypertension was the most serious side effect observed in eight subjects; in every case it was controlled by antihypertensive medicine."	1.27	Effects of cyclosporine in severe systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bach, JF; Beaurain, G; Chatenoud, L; Feutren, G; Lesavre, P; Noël, LH; Querin, S; Tron, F, 1987)
"We describe a young black female with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed pernicious anemia."	1.27	Pernicious anemia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Corwin, HL; Korbet, SM, 1986)
"A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and a three-month history of bilateral follicular conjunctivitis had both a superficial and deep culture-negative keratitis."	1.27	Lupus erythematosus keratoconjunctivitis. ( Hull, DS; Williams, B, 1986)
"Treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide did not improve the hearing loss."	1.27	Sensorineural hearing loss in lupus erythematosus. ( Caldarelli, DD; Corey, JP; Rejowski, JE, 1986)
"In two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, conventional therapy was considered to have failed because of persistent disease activity and unacceptable side effects."	1.27	Total lymphoid irradiation in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Ben-Chetrit, E; Braverman, A; Eliakim, M; Fuks, Z; Gross, DJ; Slavin, S; Weshler, Z, 1986)
"A 48-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with clinical bleeding."	1.27	Disseminated intravascular coagulation in lupus erythematosus responding to prednisone therapy. ( Riddell, SR; Shojania, AM, 1986)
"Treatment with prednisone (3 X 30 mg daily) led to complete cure of the hemiparesis within 6 weeks."	1.27	Cerebral vasculitis as presenting symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Hogenhuis, LA; Sanders, EA, 1986)
"Fourteen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had splenectomies done between 1960 and 1982 for treatment of severe thrombocytopenia."	1.27	Splenectomy does not cure the thrombocytopenia of systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Greipp, PR; Hall, S; McCormick, JL; McKenna, CH; Michet, CJ, 1985)
"A 62-year-old woman who developed systemic lupus erythematosus 6 years following chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma is reported."	1.27	Systemic lupus erythematosus six years following chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. ( Berliner, S; Galili, N; Mor, C; Pinkhas, J; Sidi, Y; Weinberger, A, 1985)
"We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, who presented with congestive heart failure."	1.27	Systemic lupus erythematosis presenting as isolated congestive heart failure. ( Berg, G; Bodet, J; Palmer, D; Pearson, A; Ruoff, B; Webb, K; Williams, G, 1985)
"Pancreatitis is not a rare occurrence in SLE, and may be related in part to the vasculitis seen during periods of disease activity."	1.26	Acute pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of twenty cases and a review of the literature. ( Chuong, JH; Inman, RD; Kimberly, RP; Kovacs, JE; Reynolds, JC; Walsh, MB, 1982)
"This paper reviews the four types of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) glomerulonephritis in children and presents the clinical and renal histologic findings."	1.26	Systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis in children. ( Donnelly, WH; Garin, EH; Richard, GA; Shulman, ST, 1981)
"By contrast, in 39 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the mean colony number was 2,774 +/- 384, a value significantly less than controls (P less than 0."	1.26	Depressed T cell colony growth in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bernstein, ML; Dobson, SA; Winkelstein, A, 1980)
"Hemorrhage was clinically unrecognized in two cases."	1.26	Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Marino, CT; Pertschuk, LP, 1981)
"Two patients had coronary arteritis diagnosed on postmortem examination."	1.26	Ischemic heart disease in systemic lupus erythematosus in the young patient: report of six cases. ( Fallon, JT; Gross, S; Homcy, CJ; Liberthson, RR; Miller, LM, 1982)
"Prednisone treatment appears to have improved the survival, but it is probable that treatment with prednisone alone may be less effective than a regimen in which it is combined with cyclophosphamide or nitrogen mustard."	1.26	Evaluation of treatment in lupus nephritis: effects of prednisone. ( Dosekun, AK; Pollak, VE, 1982)
"A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed pneumococcal epiglottitis is described and the literature reviewed."	1.26	Pneumococcal epiglottitis in systemic lupus erythematosus on high-dose corticosteroids. ( Gross, DJ; Levo, Y; Shalit, M, 1982)
"Frentizole, an immunosuppressive phenylurea agent, used in a dosage of 4 mg/kg per day, was found to produce quick elevation of platelet counts in three thrombocytopenic patients."	1.26	Frentizole therapy of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus and refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. ( Colgan, JP; Ferguson, RH; O'Duffy, JD; Phyliky, RL, 1980)
"A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with moderately severe restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defects."	1.26	Pulmonary function abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus responsive to glucocorticoid therapy. ( Al-Bazzaz, F; Venizelos, PC, 1981)
"A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus developed severe widespread bullae following sudden steroid withdrawal."	1.26	Cutaneous bullae following acute steroid withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Callen, JP, 1981)
"Three patients had a systemic lupus erythematosus, two had primitive extracapillary glomerulonephritis, one had panarteritis nodosa, and another a Schönlein-Henoch syndrome."	1.26	[Plasmapheresis in the treatment of extracapillary glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. ( Anaya, A; Barbolla, ML; Botella, J; Fernández Fernández, J; Gallego, JL; Sanz Guajardo, D, 1980)
"This complication of systemic lupus erythematosus has not been reported before in pregnancy."	1.26	Acute lupus pneumonitis in the puerperium. A case report and literature review. ( Freese, U; Myers, SA; Podczaski, E, 1980)
"Two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developing avascular bone necrosis are described."	1.26	Systemic lupus erythematosus and avascular bone necrosis. ( Nilsen, KH, 1977)
"48 patients with active or inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied at one point in the course of their disease."	1.26	Relation of titred peripheral pattern ANA to anti-DNA and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Walker, SE; Weitzman, RJ, 1977)
"Fourteen patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been treated with plasmapheresis at a rate of two litres daily on three to four days per week, over a period of two to three weeks."	1.26	Evidence for a therapeutic effect of plasmapheresis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bacon, PA; Bothamley, J; Cumming, RH; Davis, P; Evers, J; Fraser, ID; Hughes, GR; Jones, JV; Tribe, CR, 1979)
" Dose-response curves using six concentrations of PHA and five concentrations of cells over 0-5 days revealed a decrease in [(3)H]TdR by stimulated lymphocytes from some SLE patients."	1.26	Phytohemagglutinin response in systemic lupus erythematosus. Reconstitution experiments using highly purified lymphocyte subpopulations and monocytes. ( Utsinger, PD; Yount, WJ, 1977)
"The Factor XII deficiency was noted prior to the onset of clinical systemic lupus erythematosus and persisted throughout the patient's course without associated hemorrhagic manifestations."	1.26	Factor XII deficiency with systemic lupus erythematosus. Biological implications. ( Guerry, D; Myers, AR; Passero, FC, 1979)
"We believe that the internal ophthalmoplegia was secondary to involvement of the accommodative and pupillary fibers of both third nerves at the base of the brain."	1.26	Cryptococcal meningitis and internal ophthalmoplegia. ( Leon, H; Lesser, RL; Siegel, N; Simon, RM, 1979)
"A case of transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus with subacute onset and fatal course is reported."	1.26	[Transverse myelopathy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a case and review of the literature]. ( Borges, TM; de Macedo, DD; de Mattos, JP, 1979)
"Pregnancy was best tolerated by mothers without significant nephropathy or cardiopathy who had been in clinical remission for more than three months prior to conception."	1.26	Systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnancy. ( Devoe, LD; Taylor, RL, 1979)
"Four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had a vesicobullous eruption that histologically resembled dermatitis herpetiformis."	1.26	Herpetiform blisters in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Penneys, NS; Wiley, HE, 1979)
"One sister developed coombs-positive haemolytic anaemia at the age of 11 years and suffered from five haemolytic crises over a period of 8 months."	1.26	[Systemic lupus erythematosus in twins (author's transl)]. ( Jürgenssen, OA; Kolarz, G; Pichler, E; Scherak, O, 1978)
" The dosage of corticosteroids ingested during the initial period of therapy in patients with AN was tabulated and compared with that of 25 SLE control patients."	1.26	Aseptic necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Relationship to corticosteroid therapy. ( Abeles, M; Rothfield, NF; Urman, JD, 1978)
" There appeared to be some correlation between dosage and degree of apparent atrophy."	1.26	Steroids and apparent cerebral atrophy on computed tomography scans. ( Bentson, J; Reza, M; Wilson, G; Winter, J, 1978)
"Forty-nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during childhood and adolescence presenting over a period of 17 years were followed during treatment with prednisone and azathioprine."	1.26	Systemic lupus erythematosus within the first two decades of life. ( Blau, EB; Burke, BA; Fish, AJ; Michael, AF; Vernier, RL; Westberg, NG, 1977)
"Procainamide-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a well recognized clinical syndrome believed to be characterized by normocomplementemia."	1.26	Procainamide-induced systemic lupus erythematosus with hypocomplementemia. ( Diaz, R; Quigley, TJ; Rao, KV, 1977)
"Onset of pain was insidious and the symptoms were thought to be related to synovitis due to SLE."	1.26	Aseptic necrosis presenting as wrist pain in SLE. ( Abeles, M; Houghton, AN; Rothfield, NF; Urman, JD, 1977)
"From hospital admission data, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) appeared to be more common in Indians than in Blacks in Natal."	1.26	Systemic lupus erythematosus in Black and Indian patients in Natal. ( Pudifin, D; Seedat, YK, 1977)
"A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a patient with an immune complex disease resembling Goodpasture's syndrome were treated with cyclophosphamide, prednisone and repeated plasma exchanges."	1.26	Effect of plasma exchange on circulating immune complexes and antibody formation in patients treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. ( Eknoyan, G; Gyorkey, F; Hersh, EM; McCredie, KB; Reisberg, MA; Rossen, RD; Sharp, JT; Suki, WN, 1977)
"We report here four cases of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with the nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis and review six familiar cases previously noted in the literature."	1.26	Renal vein thrombosis, nephrotic syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus: an association in four cases. ( Appel, GB; Meltzer, JI; Pirani, CL; Williams, GS, 1976)
"In SLE, hypertension is not necessarily associated with advanced renal disease, and high blood pressure may occur relatively early in the course of the disease."	1.26	Hypertension and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Budman, DR; Steinberg, AD, 1976)
"The changing pattern of mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) led to an examination of the deaths in a long-term systematic analysis of 81 patients followed for five years at the University of Toronto Rheumatic Disease Unit."	1.26	The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Bookman, AA; Gordon, DA; Koehler, BE; Ogryzlo, MA; Smythe, HA; Urowitz, MB, 1976)
"Twenty-three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and ischemic bone necrosis are reported."	1.26	Ischemic necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Hungerford, DS; Klipper, AR; Stevens, MB; Zizic, TM, 1976)
"Most striking was evidence of active arteritis in all patients with either central nervous system involvement and/or peripheral arteritis, in addition to that found in the gastrointestinal tract."	1.25	Colonic perforations in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Shulman, LE; Stevens, MB; Zizic, TM, 1975)
"In 50 to 60 percent of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a band of immunoglobulins beneath the epidermis of visibly normal skin."	1.25	The significance of cutaneous immunoglobulin deposits in lupus erythematosus and NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice. ( Gilliam, JN, 1975)
"Myocarditis was present in three patients, each of whom also had endocarditis and pericarditis."	1.25	The heart in systemic lupus erythematosus and the changes induced in it by corticosteroid therapy. A study of 36 necropsy patients. ( Bulkley, BH; Roberts, WC, 1975)
"Treatment with prednisone produced impressive amelioration of the pericarditis with no recurrence of the lupus erythematosis syndrome during a prolonged period of observation following cessation of corticosteroid therapy."	1.25	Pericardial tamponade. A presenting manifestation of procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus. ( Ghose, MK, 1975)
" Functional psychosis was usually preciptated by corticsoteroid therapy and respond to a reduction in steroid dosage and administration of psychotropic drugs."	1.25	Central nervous system disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Therapy and prognosis. ( Klempner, MS; Lipsky, BA; Lockshin, MD; Sergent, JS, 1975)
"Neurologic complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are common, but chorea is rare."	1.25	Clinical features of chorea associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Lusins, JO; Szilagyi, PA, 1975)
"Hallucinations were either unformed (for example, bright lights, straight lines) or highly formed (for example, faces), in which case they were invariably recognized by the patient as inappropriate."	1.25	Cerebral disorders of vision in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Brandt, KD; Cohen, AS; Lessell, S, 1975)
"A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was made in only 60% before the onset of transverse myelopathy."	1.25	Transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of three cases and review of the literature. ( Andrianakos, AA; Duffy, J; Sharp, JT; Suzuki, M, 1975)
"The course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 34 patients receiving prednisone and immunosuppressive (cytotoxic) drugs is described."	1.25	[Classification and immunosuppressive therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus: long-term follow-up of 31 patients (author's transl)]. ( Fischer, M; Mitrou, G; Mitrou, PS; Spernau, S, 1975)
"Acute anuric renal failure complicating systemic lupus erythematosus does not usually respond to treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents."	1.25	Acute renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Brancaccio, D; Imbasciati, E; Ponticelli, C; Rivolta, E; Tarantino, A, 1974)
"Systemic lupus erythematosus is a polysystemic disease with a high incidence of associated glomerulonephritis."	1.25	Systemic lupus erythematosus. ( , 1969)
"Twenty-nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were treated with a new synthetic unsaturated prednisolone derivative, triamcinolone, for as long as 11 months."	1.24	Systemic lupus erythematosus; results of treatment with triamcinolone. ( DUBOIS, EL, 1958)

Research

Studies (1,373)

Authors

Clinical Trials (37)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Days of Daily Prednisone Dose <=7.5 mg/Day and/or Reduced by 50 Percent From Baseline Over 52 Weeks for Double-blind Phase.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	689 (50.18)	18.7374
1990's	190 (13.84)	18.2507
2000's	199 (14.49)	29.6817
2010's	203 (14.79)	24.3611
2020's	92 (6.70)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Loghmani, A	1
Ford, B	1
Derbes, S	1
Wang, M	2
Zhu, Z	1
Lin, X	1
Li, H	3
Wen, C	3
Bao, J	1
He, Z	1
Quevedo-Abeledo, JC	2
Hernández-Díaz, M	1
Sánchez-Pérez, H	1
Medina-Vega, L	1
González-Rivero, AF	1
Almeida-Santiago, C	1
de Armas-Rillo, L	1
González-Gay, MÁ	4
Ferraz-Amaro, I	2
Assunção, H	2
Jesus, D	2
Larosa, M	3
Henriques, C	2
Matos, A	2
Le Guern, V	4
Rubiño, F	1
da Silva, JAP	2
Rua-Figueroa, I	1
Costedoat-Chalumeau, N	4
Doria, A	11
Inês, LS	2
Gao, R	1
Deng, W	1
Meng, C	1
Cheng, K	1
Zeng, X	4
Qin, L	1
Wahadat, MJ	1
van den Berg, L	1
Timmermans, D	1
van Rijswijk, K	1
van Dijk-Hummelman, A	1
Bakx, S	1
Verkaaik, M	1
Versnel, MA	1
Kamphuis, S	2
Molooghi, K	1
Sheybani, F	1
Naderi, H	1
Mirfeizi, Z	1
Morovatdar, N	1
Baradaran, A	1
Ugarte-Gil, MF	11
Alarcón, GS	14
Izadi, Z	2
Duarte-García, A	1
Reátegui-Sokolova, C	5
Clarke, AE	4
Wise, L	1
Pons-Estel, GJ	5
Santos, MJ	1
Bernatsky, S	4
Ribeiro, SLE	1
Al Emadi, S	1
Sparks, JA	2
Hsu, TY	1
Patel, NJ	1
Gilbert, EL	1
Valenzuela-Almada, MO	1
Jönsen, A	3
Landolfi, G	2
Fredi, M	3
Goulenok, T	1
Devaux, M	1
Mariette, X	2
Queyrel, V	1
Romão, VC	1
Sequeira, G	1
Hasseli, R	1
Hoyer, B	1
Voll, RE	1
Specker, C	1
Baez, R	1
Castro-Coello, V	1
Maldonado Ficco, H	1
Reis Neto, ET	1
Ferreira, GAA	1
Monticielo, OAA	1
Sirotich, E	2
Liew, J	1
Hausmann, J	1
Sufka, P	2
Grainger, R	2
Bhana, S	2
Costello, W	2
Wallace, ZS	2
Jacobsohn, L	2
Taylor, T	1
Ja, C	1
Strangfeld, A	2
Mateus, EF	2
Hyrich, KL	2
Carmona, L	2
Lawson-Tovey, S	2
Kearsley-Fleet, L	1
Schäfer, M	1
Machado, PM	2
Robinson, PC	2
Gianfrancesco, M	2
Yazdany, J	5
Hao, Y	3
Ji, L	3
Gao, D	3
Fan, Y	4
Geng, Y	2
Zhang, X	5
Li, G	1
Zhang, Z	3
Dubey, J	1
McGwin, G	2
Reveille, JD	2
Vilá, LM	5
Martín-González, C	1
Gómez-Bernal, F	1
Ferrer-Moure, C	1
Espelosín-Ortega, E	1
Danza, A	2
Graña, D	1
Soto, E	1
Silveira, G	1
Carlomagno, A	1
Rebella, M	2
Riancho-Zarrabeitia, L	1
Lopez-Marin, L	1
Cacho, PM	1
López-Hoyos, M	1
Barrio, RD	1
Haya, A	1
Martínez-Taboada, VM	2
Huang, H	1
Wang, Y	4
Deng, X	1
Zhang, F	5
Zheng, J	3
Li, Y	4
Wang, G	1
Su, Y	1
Gu, J	2
Li, X	4
Bass, D	3
Chu, M	2
Curtis, P	1
DeRose, K	1
Kurrasch, R	1
Lowe, J	1
Meizlik, P	1
Roth, DA	2
Paraskevi, VV	1
Aliki, VI	1
Antigone, P	1
Zoi, T	1
Anastasia, ZK	1
Alexandros, DA	1
Sun, F	1
Zhao, L	2
Wang, H	2
Zhang, D	1
Chen, J	4
Wang, X	3
Li, T	1
Ye, S	2
Su, K	1
Cheng, H	1
Jia, Z	1
Yuan, Y	1
Yang, H	2
Gao, Q	1
Jiang, Z	1
Wen, H	2
Jiang, J	1
Valviesse, DMJ	1
Monteiro, DLM	1
Jésus, NR	1
Jésus, GRR	1
Santos, FC	1
Lacerda, MI	1
Rodrigues, NCP	1
Klumb, EM	1
Ihara, BP	1
Lindoso, LM	1
Setoue, DND	1
Tanigava, NY	1
Helito, AC	1
Simon, JR	1
Viana, VSL	1
Strabelli, CAA	1
Pedroso, CAA	1
Sieczkowska, SM	1
Pereira, RMR	2
Aikawa, NE	2
Kozu, KT	1
Elias, AM	1
Buscatti, IM	1
Gualano, B	2
Queiroz, LB	1
Casella, CB	1
Polanczyk, GV	1
Silva, CAA	1
Campos, LMMA	1
Rodrigues, M	1
Prata, AR	1
Luís, M	1
Inês, L	1
Hanly, J	1
Urowitz, M	2
Gordon, C	3
Bae, SC	3
Romero-Diaz, J	4
Sanchez-Guerrero, J	4
Wallace, DJ	3
Isenberg, DA	3
Rahman, A	2
Merrill, JT	7
Fortin, PR	5
Gladman, DD	18
Bruce, IN	4
Petri, M	28
Ginzler, EM	5
Dooley, MA	2
Ramsey-Goldman, R	3
Manzi, S	4
van Vollenhoven, RF	5
Aranow, C	3
Mackay, M	4
Ruiz-Irastorza, G	11
Lim, S	1
Inanc, M	2
Kalunian, K	1
Jacobsen, S	2
Peschken, C	1
Kamen, DL	2
Askanase, A	3
Pons-Estel, BA	4
Chen, SL	3
Zheng, HJ	1
Zhang, LY	1
Xu, Q	1
Lin, CS	1
Chandler, MT	1
Santacroce, LM	1
Costenbader, KH	1
Kim, SC	1
Feldman, CH	1
Hunnicutt, JN	3
Fairburn-Beech, J	3
Georgiou, ME	3
Richards, A	3
Gregan, YI	3
Quasny, H	3
Chauhan, D	3
Benarous, X	1
Brocheton, C	1
Bonnay, C	1
Boissel, L	1
Crovetto, C	1
Lahaye, H	1
Guilé, JM	1
Theret, P	1
Gondry, J	1
Foulon, A	1
Kim, E	1
Yoo, SH	1
Chen, Z	1
Sousa, JA	1
Batista, E	1
Demeyer, S	1
Fischer, N	1
Pellegrino, O	1
Ribeiro, AS	1
Martins, LL	1
Worthy, FR	1
Goldberg, SD	1
Ranjitkar, S	1
Xu, JC	1
Asmara, AAGY	1
Karna, MB	1
Meregawa, PF	1
Deslivia, MF	1
Carula, BC	1
Giostri, GS	1
Bebber, F	1
Batista, MFDS	1
Silva, FBD	1
Novak, EM	1
Vilela, JCS	1
Franco, N	1
Campos, G	1
Deligne, LM	1
Machado, TLA	1
Degasperi, FA	1
Scatigna, BF	1
Falótico, GG	1
Romero, V	1
Basile, R	1
Takata, ET	1
Kaleka, CC	1
Debieux, P	1
Antonioli, E	1
Zucconi, E	1
Cohen, M	1
Ferretti, M	1
Bampidis, V	2
Azimonti, G	2
Bastos, ML	2
Christensen, H	2
Fašmon Durjava, M	2
Kouba, M	2
López-Alonso, M	2
López Puente, S	2
Marcon, F	2
Mayo, B	2
Pechová, A	2
Petkova, M	2
Ramos, F	2
Sanz, Y	2
Villa, RE	2
Woutersen, R	2
Brantom, P	2
Chesson, A	2
Westendorf, J	2
Manini, P	2
Pizzo, F	2
Dusemund, B	2
Aron, J	1
Albert, PS	1
Gribble, MO	1
Samankul, A	1
Senawong, G	1
Swatsitang, P	1
Sripa, B	1
Phaosiri, C	1
Kanokmedhakul, S	1
Senawong, T	1
Sirajudeen, MS	1
Alzhrani, M	1
Alanazi, A	1
Alqahtani, M	1
Waly, M	1
Unnikrishnan, R	1
Muthusamy, H	1
Alrubaia, W	1
Alanazi, N	1
Seyam, MK	1
Kashoo, F	1
Miraj, M	1
Channmgere Govindappa, S	1
Alghamdi, KA	1
Al-Hussinan, NM	1
Wang, Z	3
Qu, T	1
Qi, H	1
Zhao, S	1
Shi, H	2
Bai, W	1
Yu, Y	2
Wu, X	2
Zhao, P	1
Yakubov, S	1
Stockerl, WJ	1
Tian, X	3
Shahin, A	1
Mandigma, MJP	1
Gschwind, RM	1
Barham, JP	1
Li, R	1
Jiang, D	1
Du, P	1
Yuan, C	1
Cui, X	1
Tang, Q	1
Lu, K	1
Ren, X	1
Gao, S	1
Zhan, X	1
Ramgoolam, KH	1
Dolphin, AC	1
Shi, Q	1
Zhou, YJ	1
Fang, JG	1
Zhong, X	1
Chen, LZ	1
Hou, HZ	1
Ma, L	3
Feng, SZ	1
He, JW	1
Huang, R	1
Wang, YF	1
Yang, Y	1
Guo, FL	1
Li, LJ	2
Ruan, XH	2
Fu, GM	1
Zhao, JZ	2
Hou, XK	1
Gao, M	3
Zheng, XQ	2
Zeng, Y	1
Huang, DM	1
Zhang, JM	1
Zhang, H	1
Kang, M	1
Zhu, J	2
Xu, YJ	1
Li, SN	1
Lai, JM	1
Liu, JJ	1
Wen, S	1
Yan, HH	1
Cheng, R	1
Zhu, F	1
Gao, PF	1
Zou, HY	1
Huang, CZ	1
Wang, J	3
AbdElgawad, H	1
Zinta, G	1
Hornbacher, J	1
Papenbrock, J	1
Markakis, MN	1
Asard, H	1
Beemster, GTS	1
Fukushi, Y	1
Akamine, Y	1
Abumiya, M	1
Tozawa, N	1
Yamashita, T	1
Nara, M	1
Kameoka, Y	1
Takahashi, N	1
Miura, M	1
Qi, G	1
Yu, T	1
Li, J	4
Guo, Z	1
Ma, K	1
Jin, Y	2
Lucon-Xiccato, T	1
Montalbano, G	1
Gatto, E	1
Frigato, E	1
D'Aniello, S	1
Bertolucci, C	1
Shi, W	2
Ge, N	1
Yu, S	1
Wu, J	1
Hu, T	1
Wei, J	2
Yan, X	1
Lin, K	1
Deng, T	1
Qu, H	1
Ou, H	1
Huang, Q	1
Gao, B	1
Wei, N	1
von Haeften, K	1
Laarmann, T	1
Wabnitz, H	1
Möller, T	1
Gries, KJ	1
Hart, CR	1
Kunz, HE	1
Ryan, Z	1
Parvizi, M	1
Liu, Y	5
Dasari, S	1
Lanza, IR	1
Perez, HL	1
Andonian, C	1
Wan, KX	1
Potts, D	1
Gonzalez, P	1
Smith, I	1
Kavetska, O	1
Floris, A	2
Chessa, E	2
Sebastiani, GD	3
Prevete, I	2
Iannone, F	1
Coladonato, L	2
Govoni, M	2
Bortoluzzi, A	3
Mosca, M	4
Tani, C	2
Iaccarino, L	6
Franceschini, F	1
Conti, F	2
Spinelli, FR	2
Bellisai, F	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
GSK1550188 A 52 Week Study of Belimumab Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Subjects With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Located in Northeast Asia[NCT01345253]	Phase 3	709 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-23	Completed
Evaluation of the Discontinuation of Maintenance Corticosteroid Treatment (Prednisone 5 Milligram Per Day) in Quiescent Systemic Lupus[NCT02558517]	Phase 3	136 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Recruiting
Effectiveness of Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined With Tacrolimus for Steroid Tapering in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Prospective, Random Control, Open-label, Single Center Clinical Trial[NCT05916781]	Phase 4	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-01	Recruiting
Immunogenicity and Safety of the CoronaVac Vacccine in Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and People Living With HIV/AIDS[NCT04754698]	Phase 4	2,067 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-09	Active, not recruiting
Sirolimus in Patients With Connective Tissue Disease Related Thrombocytopenia (CTD-TP): a Single-arm, Open-label Clinical Trial in China[NCT03688191]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-09-21	Active, not recruiting
A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase 3 Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Two Doses of Anifrolumab in Adult Subjects With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[NCT02446912]	Phase 3	460 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-09	Completed
A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase 3 Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Anifrolumab in Adult Subjects With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[NCT02446899]	Phase 3	373 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-09	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Blisibimod Administration in Subjects With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[NCT01395745]	Phase 3	442 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
A Phase 3, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 52-Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab (HGS1006) Administered Subcutaneously (SC) to Subjects With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)[NCT01484496]	Phase 3	839 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-16	Completed
A Phase 3, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 104-Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab Administered in Combination With Rituximab to Adult Subjects With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)[NCT03312907]	Phase 3	292 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Completed
Personalised Pharmacological Approach to the Tapering of Corticosteroid Doses in Systemic Lupus Patients Treated With Prednisone[NCT03187743]		72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-17	Completed
Treatment of Periodontal Disease in Systemic Lupus Erytematosus: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT04046172]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-01	Not yet recruiting
Practice of Treat-to-target on Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a Two-center Retrospective Study[NCT04942314]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-07-01	Not yet recruiting
Hydroxychloroquine Exposure in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)[NCT03802188]		3,700 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2018-05-09	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Test the Safety and Efficacy of Lipitor (Atorvastatin) in Reducing the Progression of Carotid IMT in Early Childhood SLE[NCT00065806]	Phase 3	221 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
A Phase I, Open-Labeled, Dose-Ascending Clinical Trial of Immunotherapy of MRA, A Humanized Anti-IL 6 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, In Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[NCT00046774]	Phase 1	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-09-02	Completed
Immunogenicity and Safety of Influenza A/H3N2 Vaccine in Patients With Rheumatologic Diseases[NCT03540823]	Phase 4	300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-23	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Anti-Pandemic H1N1 Vaccination in Rheumatic Diseases[NCT01151644]	Phase 4	5,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Active, not recruiting
CYCLONES - CYClophosphamide LOw Dose and No Extra Steroid[NCT03492255]		49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-12	Terminated (stopped due to Significative difference between percentage of renal response (primary outcome) between the two study arms.)
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in a Sample of Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[NCT00544102]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-10-11	Completed
Validation of the SLEDAI-P Self-questionnaire Completed by the Patient to Measure the Activity of the Systemic Lupus[NCT05763225]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Activity and Nutrition Trial in Lupus to Energize and Renew[NCT02281513]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
Impact of Immunosuppression in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Responsiveness to Influenza Vaccine[NCT00542776]		146 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-10-31	Completed
A Three-arm, Multicenter, Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine and Low-dose Prednisone on Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion With Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases: Protocol for the Immunosuppressant Regimens for Living FEtus[NCT03671174]		420 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-02	Recruiting
Serologically Active, Clinically Stable Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)[NCT00000421]	Phase 2	154 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1997-09-30	Completed
Assessment of Lipid Profile in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[NCT06151990]		102 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-12-31	Recruiting
Certolizumab to Prevent Pregnancy Complications in High-Risk Patients With APS or SLE - (IMPACT Study: IMProve Pregnancy in APS With Certolizumab Therapy)[NCT03152058]	Phase 2	55 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-05-17	Recruiting
A Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacodynamics of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)[NCT02483624]	Phase 1	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Terminated
[NCT00005436]		0 participants	Observational	1991-09-30	Completed
Nature of Anifrolumab Impact on Vaccine-Emergent Immunity in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Multi-Centre Open Label Parallel Group Trial:[NCT04726553]	Early Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-20	Recruiting
Comparative Analysis of the Th17 Cellular Response in Active and Inactive Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients[NCT04096222]		42 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-06-29	Recruiting
Cyclophosphamide and Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Thrombocytopenia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[NCT02444728]	Phase 3	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to Because of insufficient enrollement)
A Multinational Prospective Study on the Duration of Steroid Therapy in Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome[NCT03878914]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-06	Terminated (stopped due to The study was terminated at all but one site because of the pandemic)
Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy in Membranous Lupus Nephropathy[NCT00001212]	Phase 2	45 participants	Interventional	1986-11-30	Completed
Hit Hard and Early. The Effect of High Dose Methylprednisolone on Nailfold Capillary Changes and Biomarkers in Early SSc: a 12-week Randomised Explorative Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial.[NCT03059979]	Early Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Recruiting
Efficacy of Lower Dose Prednisolone in the Induction of Remission of Lupus Nephritis[NCT04146220]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-16	Completed
A Phase I-II Open- Label Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Single Intravenous Dose of Autologous Adipose Stem Cell (Adult Human) to Subjects With Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis, Relapsing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[NCT02741362]	Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Terminated (stopped due to Primary Investigator no longer with institution)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Number of days of daily prednisone dose <=7.5 mg/day and/or reduced by 50 percent over time through each scheduled visit during the blinded period were compared between belimumab and placebo using Rank ANCOVA model which was used for comparing belimumab and placebo. The independent variables in the model included treatment group, Baseline prednisone dose level, country, Baseline SELENA SLEDAI score (<=9 vs. >=10) and complement levels (low C3 and/or C4 vs. no low C3 or C4). This analysis was perfomed on the participants who used prednisone >7.5 mg/day at Baseline. (NCT01345253)
Timeframe: Week 52

Percent of Participants Achieving Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index (SRI) Response Rate at Week 52 for Double-blind Phase.

Intervention	Days (Median)
Placebo	0.0
Belimumab 10 mg/kg	0.0

SRI response is a composite index, defined as the percent of participants with >=4 point reduction from Baseline in safety of estrogen in lupus national assessment (SELENA) systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score and no worsening (increase of < 0.30 points from Baseline) in physicians global assessment (PGA) and no new British isles lupus assessment group (BILAG) A organ domain score or 2 new BILAG B organ domain scores compared with Baseline at the time of assessment (at Week 52 of the blinded period). A SELENA SLEDAI score of 0 would suggest no lupus activity; while a score of 105 is the maximum calculable if all items were scored as being present from active lupus. PGA ranges from 0 (no activity) to 3 (severe activity). BILAG has no range. The higher thresholds of SELENA SLEDAI improvement (i.e., SRI5, SRI6, and SRI7) indicates a higher response (SRI5 is a 5 point SELENA SLEDAI reduction, SRI6 is a 6 point reduction, and SRI7 is a 7 point reduction). (NCT01345253)
Timeframe: Week 52

Percent of Participants With >=4 Point Reduction From Baseline in SELENA SLEDAI Score at Week 52 for Double-blind Phase.

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	40.1
Belimumab 10 mg/kg	53.8

The SELENA SLEDAI score is a weighted index for assessing SLE disease activity in which signs and symptoms, laboratory tests and physician's assessment for each of 9 organ system were given a weighted score and summed if present at the time of the visit or in the preceding 10 days. A SELENA SLEDAI score of 0 would suggest no lupus activity; while a score of 105 is the maximum calculable if all items were scored as being present from active lupus. A decrease of 4 points or more equates to a clinically meaningful improvement. The Baseline value of a variable is defined as the value of the variable measured at Day 0 prior to dosing. In case of multiple results on Day 0 prior to dosing, the latest result was used. If a Day 0 value was not available, the last available value prior to Day 0 was used. (NCT01345253)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0) and Week 52

Percent of Participants With SRI7 Response at Week 52 for Double-blind Phase.

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	42.2
Belimumab 10 mg/kg	55.7

SRI7 response is defined as the percent of participants with >=7 point reduction from Baseline in SELENA SLEDAI score and no worsening (increase of < 0.30 points from Baseline) in PGA and no new BILAG A organ domain score or 2 new BILAG B organ domain scores compared with Baseline at the time of assessment (at Week 52 of the blinded period). A SELENA SLEDAI score of 0 would suggest no lupus activity; while a score of 105 is the maximum calculable if all items were scored as being present from active lupus. PGA ranges from 0 (no activity) to 3 (severe activity). BILAG has no range. The higher thresholds of SELENA SLEDAI improvement (i.e., SRI5, SRI6, and SRI7) indicates a higher response (SRI5 is a 5 point SELENA SLEDAI reduction, SRI6 is a 6 point reduction, and SRI7 is a 7 point reduction). (NCT01345253)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0) and Week 52

Time to First Severe SLE Flare Index (SFI) Flare Over 52 Weeks for Double-blind Phase.

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	23.5
Belimumab 10 mg/kg	32.4

Time to first severe SLE flare is defined as the number of days from first treatment until the participant had an event (event date-treatement start date +1). If a participant had a severe SFI flare and received protocol restricted medication then the event date was the earliest of the first severe SFI flare date, and the treatment failure date. Analysis of severe SFI flare was performed on the modified SELENA SLEDAI SLE flare index in which the modification excluded severe flares that were triggered only by an increase in SELENA SLEDAI score to >12. Analysis was from Cox proportional hazards model for the comparison between belimumab and placebo adjusting for country, Baseline SELENA SLEDAI score (<=9 vs. >=10) and complement levels (low C3 and/or C4 vs. no low C3 or C4). (NCT01345253)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Percent of Participants Achieving SLE SRI Response Rate for Open-label (OL) Phase

Intervention	Days (Median)
Placebo	NA
Belimumab 10 mg/kg	NA

SRI response is a composite index, defined as the percent of participants with >=4 point reduction from Baseline in SELENA SLEDAI score and no worsening (increase of < 0.30 points from Baseline) in PGA and no new BILAG A organ domain score or 2 new BILAG B organ domain scores compared with Baseline at time of assessment. Excludes participants with a SELENA SLEDAI score <4 at baseline. Participants randomized to belimumab in double-blinded (DB) phase, Baseline is last available value before first belimumab dose received in DB phase. Participants randomized to placebo in DB phase, Baseline is last available value before receiving first belimumab dose in OL phase. Observed case data are presented.Year 6 Week 48 is the Exit Visit obtained by slotting the Exit Visit to Week 48. A SELENA SLEDAI score of 0 (no lupus activity) and a score of 105 (maximum). PGA ranges from 0 (no activity) to 3 (severe activity). BILAG has no range. (NCT01345253)
Timeframe: Weeks 24 and 48 for Years 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Annualized Flare Rate

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	Week 24, Year 2, n=326	Week 48, Year 2, n=299	Week 24, Year 3, n=271	Week 48, Year 3, n=247	Week 24, Year 4, n=233	Week 48, Year 4, n=194	Week 24, Year 5, n= 156	Week 48, Year 5, n= 82	Week 24, Year 6, n= 36	Week 48, Year 6, n= 5
Belimumab 10mg/kg (Open-label Phase)	66.0	69.6	72.3	70.9	71.7	76.8	81.4	80.5	86.1	60.0

A flare was defined as either 1 or more new British Isle Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG-2004) A or 2 or more new BILAG-2004 B items compared to the previous visit. The occurrence of a new flare was checked for each available visit versus the previous available visit up to Week 52. If no new flares occurred, the number of flares was set to 0. Otherwise all flares were counted leading to the maximum number of flares of 13. The annualized flare rate was calculated as the number of flares divided by the flare exposure time in days multiplied with 365.25 (1 year). The flare exposure time is the time up to Week 52 (date of BILAG-2004 assessment at Week 52) or up to the date of last available BILAG-2004 assessment. (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

Change From Baseline in Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-8 (PHQ-8) Score

Intervention	Annualized flare rate ratio (Number)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	0.62
Anifrolumab 300 mg	0.60
Placebo	0.72

PHQ-8 is a 8-item self-report scale, all items are rated on a score of 0-3, for a total range of 0-24. PHQ-8 assesses symptoms of depression over the previous 2 weeks. Higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. A negative change from baseline score indicates improvement in symptoms. (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

Number of Participants Reporting One or More Adverse Events (AE)

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	-2.1
Anifrolumab 300 mg	-2.7
Placebo	-1.7

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a drug; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. AEs were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE). The reported value is inclusive of serious and non-serious AEs. (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Trial (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants Reporting One or More Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESI)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	80
Anifrolumab 300 mg	161
Placebo	145

"An AESI is an AE of scientific and medical concern specific to understanding biologics and requires close monitoring and rapid communication by the Investigator to the Sponsor/Sponsor's delegate. An AESI may be serious or nonserious. The events of interest are serious infections, including non opportunistic serious infections, opportunistic infections, anaphylaxis, malignancy, herpes zoster, TB (including latent TB), influenza, vasculitis (non-SLE), and MACE (including stroke, MI, or cardiovascular death).~AEs were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE)." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Trial (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants Who Achieved a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index ≥4 (SRI[4]) at Week 52 (Original Analysis With Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	11
Anifrolumab 300 mg	23
Placebo	18

"SRI(4) was defined as meeting all of the following criteria:~Reduction from baseline of ≥4 points in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) No new organ systems affected, defined by 1 or more British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG-2004) A or 2 or more BILAG-2004 B items No worsening from baseline in participants lupus disease activity. Worsening was defined as an increase of ≥0.30 points on a 3-point Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) visual analogue scale (VAS) No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the pre-specified analysis threshold." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 52

Number of Participants Who Achieved a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index ≥4 (SRI[4]) at Week 52 (Post-Hoc Analysis With Revised Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	35
Anifrolumab 300 mg	65
Placebo	74

"SRI(4) was defined as meeting all of the following criteria:~Reduction from baseline of ≥4 points in the SLEDAI-2K No new organ systems affected, defined by 1 or more BILAG-2004 A or 2 or more BILAG-2004 B items No worsening from baseline in lupus disease activity. Worsening defined as an increase of ≥0.30 points on a 3-point PGA VAS No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the revised post-hoc allowed threshold.~Revised rules were designed to be more clinically appropriate, capture intent of protocol, minimize the risk of restricted medications confounding efficacy, and to allow appropriate quantification and interpretation of the relevant endpoints." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 52

Number of Participants Who Achieved a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index of ≥4 (SRI[4]) at Week 24 (Original Analysis With Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	45
Anifrolumab 300 mg	84
Placebo	79

"SRI(4) was defined as meeting all of the following criteria:~Reduction from baseline of ≥4 points in the SLEDAI-2K No new organ systems affected as defined by 1 or more BILAG-2004 A or 2 or more BILAG-2004 B items No worsening from baseline in participants lupus disease activity. Worsening was defined as an increase of ≥0.30 points on a 3-point PGA VAS No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the pre-specified threshold." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 24

Number of Participants Who Achieved a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index of ≥4 (SRI[4]) at Week 24 (Post-Hoc Analysis With Revised Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	34
Anifrolumab 300 mg	74
Placebo	75

Number of Participants Who Achieved a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index of ≥4 at Week 52 in the Interferon (IFN) Test-High Sub-Group (Original Analysis With Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	40
Anifrolumab 300 mg	83
Placebo	79

Number of Participants Who Achieved an Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index of ≥4 at Week 52 in the Interferon (IFN) Test-High Sub-Group (Post-Hoc Analysis With Revised Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	30
Anifrolumab 300 mg	53
Placebo	59

"SRI(4) was defined as meeting all of the following criteria:~Reduction from baseline of ≥4 points in the SLEDAI-2K No new organ systems affected, defined by 1 or more BILAG-2004 A or 2 or more BILAG-2004 B items No worsening from baseline in lupus disease activity. Worsening defined as an increase of ≥0.30 points on a 3-point PGA VAS No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the revised post-hoc analysis threshold.~Revised rules were designed to be more clinically appropriate, capture intent of protocol, minimize the risk of restricted medications confounding efficacy, and to allow appropriate quantification and interpretation of the relevant endpoints." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 52

Number of Participants Who Achieved and Maintained an Oral Corticosteroid (OCS) Dose of ≤7.5 mg/Day in the Sub-group of Participants With Baseline OCS ≥10 mg/Day (Original Analysis With Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	40
Anifrolumab 300 mg	71
Placebo	63

"Maintained OCS reduction was defined by meeting all the following criteria:~Achieve an OCS dose of ≤7.5 mg/day prednisone or equivalent by Week 40 Maintain an OCS dose ≤7.5 mg/day prednisone or equivalent from Week 40 to Week 52 No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the pre-specified analysis threshold." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 52

Number of Participants Who Achieved and Maintained an Oral Corticosteroid (OCS) Dose of ≤7.5 mg/Day in the Sub-group of Participants With Baseline OCS ≥10 mg/Day (Post-Hoc Analysis With Revised Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	17
Anifrolumab 300 mg	42
Placebo	33

"Maintained OCS reduction was defined by meeting all of the following criteria:~Achieve an OCS dose of ≤7.5 mg/day prednisone or equivalent by Week 40 Maintain an OCS dose ≤7.5 mg/day prednisone or equivalent from Week 40 to Week 52 No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the revised post-hoc analysis threshold.~Revised rules were designed to be more clinically appropriate, capture intent of protocol, minimize the risk of restricted medication confounding efficacy, and to allow appropriate quantification and interpretation of the relevant endpoints." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 52

Number of Participants Who Met the Criteria for British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) Response (Original Analysis With Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	24
Anifrolumab 300 mg	50
Placebo	33

Number of Participants Who Met the Criteria for British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) Response (Post-Hoc Analysis With Revised Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	27
Anifrolumab 300 mg	67
Placebo	49

"A BICLA responder was achieved if all of the following criteria was met:~All criteria related to SRI(4) (please see primary endpoint) plus:~Reduction of all baseline BILAG-2004 A to B/C/D and baseline BILAG-2004 B to C/D, and no BILAG-2004 worsening in other organ systems, as defined by 1 or more BILAG-2004 A or 1 or more new BILAG-2004 B item No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the revised post-hoc analysis threshold before assessment.~Revised rules were designed to be more clinically appropriate, capture intent of protocol, minimize the risk of restricted medications confounding efficacy, and to allow appropriate quantification and interpretation of the relevant endpoints." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 52

Number of Participants With a ≥50% Reduction in CLASI Activity Score at Week 12 in the Sub-group of Participants With Baseline CLASI Activity Score ≥10 (Original Analysis With Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	35
Anifrolumab 300 mg	83
Placebo	54

"50% reduction in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) activity score compared to baseline was defined by meeting all of the following criteria:~Achieve ≥50% reduction of CLASI activity score at Week 12 compared to baseline No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the pre-specified analysis threshold before assessment." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 12

Number of Participants With a ≥50% Reduction in CLASI Activity Score at Week 12 in the Sub-group of Participants With Baseline CLASI Activity Score ≥10 (Post-Hoc Analysis With Revised Restricted Medication Rules)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	15
Anifrolumab 300 mg	24
Placebo	14

"50% reduction in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) activity score compared to baseline was defined by meeting all the following criteria:~Achieve ≥50% reduction of CLASI activity score at Week 12 compared to baseline No discontinuation of investigational product and no use of restricted medications beyond the revised post-hoc analysis threshold before assessment.~Revised rules were designed to be more clinically appropriate, capture intent of protocol, minimize the risk of restricted medication confounding efficacy, and to allow appropriate quantification and interpretation of the relevant endpoints." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Week 12

Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Scores

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	16
Anifrolumab 300 mg	25
Placebo	14

ECGs documented the date, time, heart rate, QRS duration, PR interval, RR interval, QT, and corrected QT interval, which were calculated using the Fridericia formula. The investigator judged the overall interpretation as normal or abnormal, and if abnormal it was decided as to whether or not the abnormality was clinically significant or not clinically significant. (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Laboratory Tests

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	0
Anifrolumab 300 mg	0
Placebo	0

Laboratory tests were collected at central clinical laboratories and included hematology, serum chemistry and urinalysis tests. Laboratory values were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE). (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Trial (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Physical Examinations

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	44
Anifrolumab 300 mg	71
Placebo	87

"Physical examinations included height and weight. Participants were weighed at each study visit and any medically significant changes were reported.~Physical examination values were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE)." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Trial (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Vital Signs

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	3
Anifrolumab 300 mg	2
Placebo	2

"Vital signs included oral temperature, blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, and respiratory rate.~Vital signs were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE)." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Trial (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants With Mild To Moderate Lupus Flare Evaluated by Modified Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI Flare Index

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	14
Anifrolumab 300 mg	36
Placebo	46

"The modified SELENA flare index was completed by the Investigator or delegated/qualified physician. Assessment of flares were scored in comparison to the participant's previous visit and should only include findings which, in the opinion of the Investigator, are due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity within that timeframe. Flare was defined as any 1 criterion present in either the Mild/Moderate Flare or Severe Flare categories.~Number of flares were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE)." (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Trial (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants With Suicidal Ideation or Behaviour Assessed Via the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 150 mg	38
Anifrolumab 300 mg	58
Placebo	67

"The C-SSRS is an assessment tool that evaluates suicidal ideation and behavior. Number of participants with suicidal ideation or behavior was defined as the number of participants who answered yes at any time during the treatment period (Baseline to Week 52) to one of the 10 categories:~Category 1: Wish to be dead Category 2: Non-specific active suicidal thoughts Category 3: Active suicidal ideation with any methods (not plan) without intent to act Category 4: Active suicidal ideation with some intent to act, without specific plan Category 5: Active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent Category 6: Preparatory acts or behavior Category 7: Aborted attempt Category 8: Interrupted attempt Category 9: Actual attempt (non-fatal) Category 10: Completed suicide" (NCT02446912)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

Annualised Flare Rate Through 52 Weeks

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Suicidal ideation	Suicidal behaviour
Anifrolumab 150 mg	1	0
Anifrolumab 300 mg	2	0
Placebo	2	1

Number of Participants Who Achieved and Maintained an Oral Corticosteroids (OCS) Dose of ≤7.5 mg/Day at Week 52 in the Sub-Group of Participants With Baseline OCS ≥10 mg/Day

Intervention	Annualized flare rate ratio (Number)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	0.43
Placebo	0.64

"Maintained OCS reduction was defined by meeting all of the following criteria:~Achieve an OCS dose of ≤7.5 mg/day prednisone or equivalent by Week 40~Maintain an OCS dose ≤7.5 mg/day prednisone or equivalent from Week 40 to Week 52~No discontinuation of investigational product~No use of restricted medications beyond the protocol allowed threshold before assessment" (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Week 40; Week 52

Number of Participants Who Achieved the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) Response at Week 52

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	45
Placebo	25

"Composite endpoint BICLA was defined by meeting all of the following criteria:~Reduction of all baseline British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG)-2004 A to B/C/D and baseline BILAG-2004 B to C/D, and no BILAG-2004 worsening in other organ systems, as defined by ≥1 new BILAG-2004 A or ≥2 new BILAG-2004 B~No worsening from baseline in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), where worsening is defined as an increase from baseline of >0 points in SLEDAI-2K~No worsening from baseline in participants' lupus disease activity, where worsening is defined by an increase ≥0.30 points on a 3-point Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) visual analogue scale (VAS)~No discontinuation of investigational product~No use of restricted medications beyond the protocol allowed threshold before assessment" (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 52

Number of Participants Who Achieved the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) Response at Week 52 in the IFN Test-High Sub-group

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	86
Placebo	57

"Defined by meeting all of the following criteria:~Reduction of all baseline British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG)-2004 A to B/C/D and baseline BILAG-2004 B to C/D, and no BILAG-2004 worsening in other organ systems, as defined by ≥1 new BILAG-2004 A or ≥2 new BILAG-2004 B~No worsening from baseline in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), where worsening is defined as an increase from baseline to >0 points in SLEDAI-2K~No worsening from baseline in participants' lupus disease activity, where worsening is defined by an increase ≥0.30 points on a 3-point Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) visual analogue scale (VAS)~No discontinuation of investigational product~No use of restricted medications beyond the protocol allowed threshold before assessment" (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 52

Number of Participants With ≥50% Reduction in Joint Counts at Week 52 in The Sub-group of Participants With ≥6 Swollen and ≥6 Tender Joints at Baseline

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	72
Placebo	46

"50% reduction in the number of swollen and tender joints compared to baseline was defined by meeting all of the following criteria:~Achieve ≥50% reduction from baseline in the number of swollen and tender joints, separately~No discontinuation of investigational product~No use of restricted medications beyond the protocol allowed threshold before assessment" (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 52

Number of Participants With a ≥50% Reduction in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) Activity Score at Week 12 in The Sub-Group of Participants With Baseline CLASI Activity Score of ≥10

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	30
Placebo	34

"50% reduction in CLASI activity score compared to baseline was defined by meeting all of the following criteria:~Achieve ≥50% reduction of CLASI activity score at Week 12 compared to baseline~No discontinuation of investigational product~No use of restricted medications beyond the protocol allowed threshold before assessment" (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 12

Number of Participants With a Potentially Clinically Important Change From Baseline in Clinical Laboratory Tests

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	24
Placebo	10

"Clinical laboratory tests were analyzed in a central clinical laboratory and included hematology, serum chemistry and urinalysis tests.~Laboratory values were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE)." (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of study (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants With a Potentially Clinically Important Change From Baseline in Vital Sign Measurements

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	72
Placebo	87

"Vital sign measurements included oral temperature, blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, and respiratory rate.~Vital signs were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE)." (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of study (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants With One or More Adverse Events (AEs)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	45
Placebo	45

An AE is the development of an undesirable medical condition or the deterioration of a pre-existing medical condition following or during exposure to a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered causally related to the product. AEs were collected throughout the duration of the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE). The reported value is inclusive of serious and non-serious AEs. (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of study (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Number of Participants With One or More Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	162
Placebo	154

"An AESI is an adverse event (AE) of scientific and medical concern specific to understanding biologics. An AESI may be serious or non-serious. AESI are serious infections, including non-opportunistic serious infections, opportunistic infections, anaphylaxis, malignancy, herpes zoster, tuberculosis (TB) (including latent TB), influenza, vasculitis (non-systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (including stroke, myocardial infarction [MI], or cardiovascular death).~AESIs were collected throughout the study, from baseline until end of follow-up (a maximum of 12 weeks post last dose [Week 48]), or until Week 52 for participants who enrolled onto the long term extension (LTE)." (NCT02446899)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of study (Maximum of 60 weeks)

Percentage of Par. Achieving a SLE Responder Index (SRI) Response Rate at Week 52

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Anifrolumab 300 mg	29
Placebo	20

SRI response is defined as >=4 point reduction, from Baseline in safety of estrogen in lupus national assessment (SELENA) systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score, no worsening (increase of <0.30 points from Baseline) in physician's global assessment (PGA) and no new British Isles Lupus Assessment Group of SLE clinics (BILAG) A organ domain score or 2 new BILAG B organ domain scores compared with Baseline. Analysis was performed using a logistic regression model for the comparison between belimumab and placebo with covariates treatment group, Baseline SELENA SLEDAI score (<=9 vs. >=10), Baseline complement levels (low C3 and/or C4 vs. no low C3 or C4) and race (black vs. other). (NCT01484496)
Timeframe: Week 52

Percentage of Par. Whose Average Prednisone Dose Had Been Reduced by >=25% From Baseline to <=7.5 mg/Day During Weeks 40 Through 52 in Par. Receiving Greater Than 7.5 mg/Day at Baseline

Intervention	Percentage of par. (Number)
Placebo SC	48.4
Belimumab 200 mg SC	61.4

For the analysis of steroid use, all steroid dosages were converted to a prednisone equivalent in mg. The average daily prednisone dose was calculated taking into account all steroids taken intravenously, intramuscularly, SC, intradermally and orally for both SLE and non-SLE reasons. A responder was defined as having a prednisone reduction by >=25% from Baseline to <=7.5 mg/day during Weeks 40 through 52. At Baseline, the average daily prednisone dose was the sum of all prednisone doses over 7 consecutive days up to, but not including Day 0, divided by 7. For this analysis, the average prednisone dose was the total prednisone dose during weeks 40 through 52 divided by the number of days during Weeks 40 through 52. Analysis was performed using a logistic regression model with covariates treatment group, Baseline prednisone dose, Baseline SELENA SLEDAI score, (<=9 vs >=10), Baseline complement levels (low C3 and/or C4 vs. no low C3 or C4) and race (black vs. other). (NCT01484496)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0, prior to dosing), Weeks 40 through Week 52

Time to First Severe Flare (as Measured by the Modified SLE Flare Index)

Intervention	Percentage of par. (Number)
Placebo SC	11.9
Belimumab 200 mg SC	18.2

Time to first severe SLE flare is defined as the number of days from treatment start date until the participant met an event (event date - treatment start date +1). Analyses of severe SLE flare was performed on modified SELENA SLEDAI SLE flare index that excludes severe flares that were triggered only by an increase in SELENA SLEDAI score to >12 (since this may only represent a modest increase in disease activity). Only post-baseline severe flares were considered. (NCT01484496)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0, prior to dosing) to Week 52

Duration of Clinical Remission

Intervention	Days (Median)
Placebo SC	118
Belimumab 200 mg SC	171

Clinical remission was defined as clinical SLEDAI-2K score =0 (does not include anti-dsDNA and complement activity scores), achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of 0 mg/day. The duration of clinical remission (PI assessed) was the longest period between 2 visits that the participant was a clinical remission responder at all visits and was calculated as the first visit of clinical remission minus last visit of clinical remission plus 1. SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within each of 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score (1 to 8, higher score indicates increased activity) and summed if present at the time of visit or in preceding 10 days. The clinical SLEDAI-2K score was sum of 22 out of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K and ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 101 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

Duration of Disease Control

Intervention	Days (Median)
Belimumab + Placebo	31.0
Belimumab + Rituximab	73.0
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	176.0

Duration of disease control was defined as SLEDAI-2K score <=2, achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of <=5 mg/day. The duration of disease control (PI assessed) was the longest period between 2 visits that the participant was a disease control responder at all visits and calculated as the first visit of disease control minus last visit of disease control plus 1. SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within each of 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score (1 to 8, higher score indicates increased activity) and summed if present at the time of visit or in preceding 10 days. SLEDAI-2K score was the sum of all 24 individual items from SLEDAI-2K, ranges from 0(no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms),higher scores representing increased disease activity (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Clinical Remission (CLR) Sustained for at Least 24 Weeks From Week 80 to Week 104

Intervention	Days (Median)
Belimumab + Placebo	49.5
Belimumab + Rituximab	116.0
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	116.0

Percentage of participants with a state of CLR (PI assessed) at Week 104 was defined as percentage of participants with a clinical SLEDAI-2K score=0 (does not include anti-dsDNA and complement activity scores) achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of 0 mg/day, sustained for at least 24 weeks(from Week 80 to Week 104). Sustained CLR is longest period a participant maintains CLR without a break, calculated as last consecutive CLR date minus first consecutive CLR date plus 1. SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within each of 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score(1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity) and summed if present at the time of visit or in preceding 10 days. The clinical SLEDAI-2K score was sum of 22 out of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K and ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 101 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: From Week 80 to Week 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Clinical Remission at Week 64

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Belimumab + Placebo	2.8
Belimumab + Rituximab	2.1
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	4.3

Percentage of participants with a state of clinical remission (IBA) was defined as percentage of participants with a clinical SLEDAI-2K score =0 (does not include anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic [dsDNA] and complement activity scores), achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of 0 mg/day at Week 64. SLEDAI-2K was a weighted, cumulative index for measuring SLE disease activity in previous 10 days, consisting 24 individual items in which signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, and physician's assessment for each item within each of 9 organ systems were given a weighted score (1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity) and summed if present at the time of the visit or in the preceding 10 days. The clinical SLEDAI-2K score was sum of 22 out of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K and ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 101 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Week 64

Percentage of Participants With a State of Complete Remission (CR) Sustained for at Least 24 Weeks During Week 52 to Week 104

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Belimumab + Placebo	5.6
Belimumab + Rituximab	6.3
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	10.6

Percentage of participants with a state of CR (Principal Investigator [PI] assessed) was defined as percentage of participants with a SLEDAI-2K=0 achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at prednisone equivalent dose of 0 mg/day,sustained for at least 24 weeks. Sustained CR was longest period a participant maintains CR without break calculated as last consecutive CR date minus first consecutive CR date plus 1. SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within each 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score (1 to 8, higher score indicates increased activity) and summed if present at time of visit or in preceding 10 days. SLEDAI-2K score was sum of all 24 individual items from SLEDAI-2K, ranges from 0(no symptoms) to 105(presence of all defined symptoms),higher scores indicates increased disease activity. Percentage of participants with a state of CR sustained for at least 24 weeks at any visit during Week 52 to Week 104 were reported. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Week 52 to Week 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Disease Control at Week 104

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Belimumab + Placebo	2.8
Belimumab + Rituximab	0
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	6.4

Percentage of participants with a state of disease control (IBA) was defined as the percentage of participants with a SLEDAI-2K score <=2, achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of <=5 mg/day at Week 104. SLEDAI-2K was a weighted, cumulative index for measuring SLE disease activity in previous 10 days which consisted of 24 individual items in which signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, and physician's assessment for each item within each of 9 organ systems were given a weighted score (1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity) and summed if present at the time of the visit or in the preceding 10 days. The SLEDAI-2K score was the sum of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K which ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Week 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Disease Control at Week 52

Percentage of participants with a state of disease control (Independent blinded assessor [IBA]) was defined as the percentage of participants with a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000(SLEDAI-2K)score less than or equal to(<=)2 achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of <=5 mg/day at Week 52. SLEDAI-2K was a weighted, cumulative index for measuring systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity in previous 10 days,consisting 24 individual items in which signs and symptoms, laboratory tests and physician's assessment for each item within each of 9 organ systems were given a weighted score(1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity)and summed if present at the time of visit or in preceding 10 days. The SLEDAI-2K score was sum of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K, ranges from 0(no symptoms) to 105(presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Week 52

Time to Clinical Remission Sustained for at Least 24 Weeks and Maintained Through Week 104

Clinical remission sustained for at least 24 weeks and maintained through Week 104 was defined as clinical SLEDAI-2K score=0 (does not include anti-dsDNA and complement activity scores), achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of 0 mg/day. Time to CLR (PI assessed) was defined as first visit of sustained CLR until Week 104 on or before Week 80 minus treatment start date (Day 1) plus 1. Sustained CLR was longest period a participant maintained clinical remission without a break. SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within each of 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score (1 to 8, higher score indicates increased activity) and summed if present at the time of visit or in preceding 10 days. The clinical SLEDAI-2K score was sum of 22 out of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K and ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 101 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

Time to Disease Control Sustained for at Least 24 Weeks and Maintained Through Week 104

Disease control sustained for at least 24 weeks and maintained through Week 104 was defined as SLEDAI-2K score <=2, achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of <=5 mg/day. Time to disease control (PI assessed) was defined as the first visit of sustained disease control until Week 104 on or before Week 80 minus treatment start date (Day 1) plus 1. Sustained disease control was longest period a participant maintained disease control without a break. SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within each of 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score (1 to 8, higher score indicates increased activity) and summed if present at the time of visit or in preceding 10 days. SLEDAI-2K score was the sum of all 24 individual items from SLEDAI-2K , ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms),higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

Time to First Flare

Time to first SLE flare was the number of days from treatment start date until the participant met an event. Time to first flare was defined as event date minus treatment start date plus 1. Time to first flare was measured by modified SLE flare index which identifies whether a participant had experienced a mild/moderate or severe flare. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

Time to First Severe Flare

Time to first severe SLE flare was the number of days from treatment start date until the participant met an event. Time to first severe flare was defined as event date minus treatment start date plus 1. Time to first severe flare was measured by Modified SLE flare index which identifies whether a participant had experienced a mild/moderate or severe flare. Analysis of first severe flare was performed on the modified SLE Flare index that excludes severe flares that were triggered only by an increase is SLEDAI-2K score to greater than 12. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue Score by Visit

The FACIT-Fatigue scale was a 13-item questionnaire completed by the participant, which provides a measure of fatigue/quality of life, with a 7-day recall period. The participant scored each item on a 5-point scale: 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much). The higher score for the questions, the greater the fatigue. The total score was the sum of the responses from all questions (inverted for reversed items) multiplied by 13, then divided by the number of questions answered, ranging from 0 (worse fatigue) to 52 (no fatigue) where a higher score indicates an improvement in the participant's health status and decrease in the score indicates worse fatigue/quality of life. Baseline value was the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline was defined as the post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 8, 12, 26, 40, 52, 64, 72 and 104

Change From Baseline in Lupus Quality of Life (LupusQoL) Domain Scores by Visit

LupusQoL is a SLE-specific health related qualify of life (HRQOL) instrument with 34 questions across 8 domains:Physical health(8 items),Pain(3 items),Planning(3 items),Intimate relationship(2 items),Burden to others(3 items),Emotional health(6 items),Body image(5 items),Fatigue(4 items). Questions were related to participants experience in prior 4 weeks.A 5-point Likert response format was used, ranging from 0(all of the time) to 4(never) for each question. Individual domain scores were reported which were calculated by taking sum of responses to all items within each domain. Individual domain scores range:Physical health(0-32),Pain(0-12),Planning(0-12),Intimate relationship(0-8),Burden to others(0-12),Emotional health(0-24),Body image(0-20),Fatigue(0-16). Higher score indicates better HRQOL. Baseline value was latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline was defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 8, 12, 26, 40, 52, 64, 72 and 104

Change From Baseline in Patient Global Assessment (PtGA) by Visits

The Patient's Global Assessment (PtGA) of Disease Activity is a single-item, participant reported scale developed for the assessment of the participant's overall rating of their disease activity due to SLE. The scale measures disease activity ranging from 0 (Very Well) to 10 (Very Poor) and the higher score indicates severe disease activity. Baseline value was the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline was defined as the post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 8, 12, 26, 40, 52, 64, 72 and 104

Change From Baseline in Physician Global Assessment (PGA) by Visits

The Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) was a physician-reported visual analogue scale that provides an overall measure of the participant's current disease activity. Physician's Global Assessment was collected on a 10 centimeter (cm) visual analogue scale (VAS) by placing a mark on the scale between 0 (no disease activity) to 10 (maximum disease activity). The PGA score was then rescaled for reporting by multiplying the collected score by 3 divided by 10. Hence, the PGA score ranges from 0 to 3 with higher scores indicating greater disease activity. Baseline value was the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline was defined as the post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104

Change From Baseline in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) Score by Visit (PI Assessed)

The SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score (1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity) and summed if present at the time of visit or in the preceding 10 days. Weighted scores for central nervous system (CNS) (7 items) was 8; for vascular (1 item) was 8; for Musculoskeletal (2 items) was 4; for Renal (4 items) was 4; for Mucocutaneous (3 items) was 2; for Cardiovascular and Respiratory (2 items) was 2; for Immunologic (2 items) was 2;for Constitutional (1 item) was 1 and for Hematologic (2 items) was 1. SLEDAI-2K score was the sum of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K which ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. Baseline value was latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline was defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104

Number of Participants With Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. AESIs were Malignant Neoplasms, Post-Injection Systemic Reactions (PISR), All Infections of Special Interest (Opportunistic Infections (OI), Herpes Zoster (HZ), Tuberculosis (TB), and Sepsis), Depression (including mood disorders and anxiety)/suicide/self-injury and Deaths. Data for number of participants with AESIs has been summarized. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAE) and Non-serious AE (Non-SAE)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. A SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or any other situations as per medical or scientific judgment. Data for number of participants with SAE and non-SAE (>=5 %) has been summarized. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Up to Week 111 (including 8 weeks of safety follow-up)

Percentage of Participants That Met the Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) Response Criteria by Visits (PI Assessed)

Lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) was defined as a state which, if sustained, was associated with a low likelihood of adverse outcome, considering disease activity and medication safety. The LLDAS response criteria were: (1) SLEDAI-2K <=4, with no activity in major organ systems (renal, CNS, cardiopulmonary, vasculitis, fever) and no hemolytic anemia or gastrointestinal activity; (2) no new features of lupus disease activity compared with the previous assessment; (3) PGA (scale 0-3), <=1; (4) current prednisolone (or equivalent) dose <=7.5 mg daily; and (5) well tolerated standard maintenance doses of immunosuppressive drugs and approved biological agents, excluding investigational drugs. Percentage of participants that met the LLDAS response criteria were reported. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96 and 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Clinical Remission by Visits

Percentage of participants with a state of clinical remission (IBA) was defined as percentage of participants with a clinical SLEDAI-2K score =0 (does not include anti-dsDNA and complement activity scores), achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of 0 mg/day. SLEDAI-2K was a weighted, cumulative index for measuring SLE disease activity in previous 10 days, consisting 24 individual items in which signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, and physician's assessment for each item within each of 9 organ systems were given a weighted score (1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity) and summed if present at the time of the visit or in the preceding 10 days. The clinical SLEDAI-2K score was sum of 22 out of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K and ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 101 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Weeks 64, 80 and 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Clinical Remission Using the PI Assessment of SLEDAI-2K by Visit

Percentage of participants with a state of clinical remission was defined as the percentage of participants with a clinical SLEDAI-2K score =0 (does not include anti-dsDNA and complement activity scores), achieved without immunosuppressants (which was allowed in Belimumab+ Standard therapy arm only) and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of 0 mg/day using the PI assessment of SLEDAI-2K. SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within each of 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score (1 to 8, higher score indicates increased activity) and summed if present at the time of visit or in preceding 10 days. The clinical SLEDAI-2K score was sum of 22 out of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K and ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 101 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. Percentage of participants with a state of clinical remission using the PI assessment of SLEDAI-2K were summarized. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Weeks 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96 and 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Complete Remission by Visits

Percentage of participants with a state of complete remission (PI assessed) was defined as the percentage of participants with a SLEDAI-2K score =0, achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of 0 mg/day. SLEDAI-2K was a weighted, cumulative index for measuring systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity in the previous 10 days which consisted of 24 individual items in which signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, and physician's assessment for each item within for each of 9 organ systems were given a weighted score (1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity) and summed if present at the time of the visit or in the preceding 10 days. The SLEDAI-2K score was the sum of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K which ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Weeks 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96 and 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Disease Control by Visits

Percentage of participants with a state of disease control (IBA) was defined as the percentage of participants with a SLEDAI-2K score <=2, achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of <=5 mg/day. SLEDAI-2K was a weighted, cumulative index for measuring SLE disease activity in previous 10 days which consisted of 24 individual items in which signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, and physician's assessment for each item within each of 9 organ systems were given a weighted score (1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity) and summed if present at the time of the visit or in the preceding 10 days. The SLEDAI-2K score was the sum of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K which ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Weeks 12, 26, 40, 52, 64, 80 and 104

Percentage of Participants With a State of Disease Control Using the PI Assessment of SLEDAI-2K by Visit

Percentage of participants with a state of disease control was defined as the percentage of participants with a SLEDAI-2K score <=2, achieved without immunosuppressants and with corticosteroids at a prednisone equivalent dose of <=5 mg/day, using the PI assessment of SLEDAI-2K. SLEDAI-2K consisted of 24 individual items within each of 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score (1 to 8, higher score indicates increased activity) and summed if present at the time of visit or in preceding 10 days. SLEDAI-2K score was the sum of all 24 individual items from SLEDAI-2K, ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms), higher scores representing increased disease activity. Percentage of participants with a state of disease control using the PI assessment of SLEDAI-2K were summarized. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104

Percentage of Participants With Improvement in FACIT-Fatigue Score Exceeding the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID, Greater Than or Equal to [>=]4)

The FACIT-Fatigue scale was a 13-item questionnaire completed by the participant, which provides a measure of fatigue/quality of life, with a 7-day recall period. The participant scored each item on a 5-point scale: 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much). The larger the participant's response to the questions, the greater the fatigue. The total score was the sum of the responses (inverted for reversed items) multiplied by 13, then divided by the number of questions answered, ranging from 0 (worse fatigue) to 52 (no fatigue) where a higher score indicates an improvement in the participant's health status and decrease in the score indicates worse fatigue/quality of life. A participant was considered to had an improvement exceeding the minimal clinically important difference if they had >=4 points improvement in their FACIT-Fatigue Scale score from Baseline. Percentage of participants with improvement in FACIT-Fatigue scale score exceeding the MCID (>=4 points) were summarized. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Weeks 8, 12, 26, 40, 52, 64, 72 and 104

Percentage of Participants With SLEDAI-2K Organ Improvement Compared to Baseline by Visits (PI Assessed)

SLEDAI-2K assessments consisted of 24 individual items with 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score(1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity)and summed if present at the time of analysis. SLEDAI-2K score was sum of all 24 individual items from SLEDAI-2K ranges from 0(no symptoms) to 105(presence of all defined symptoms). Higher scores indicates increased disease activity. An improvement was defined as a decrease(compared to Baseline) in SLEDAI-2K score within same organ system at a post-Baseline visit. Baseline value was latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Data for following organ systems was reported: CNS total, Vascular total, Musculoskeletal total, Renal total, Mucocutaneous total, Cardiovascular (Cardio) and Respiratory (Resp) total, Immunologic total and Hematologic total. Constitutional organ system was removed from analysis and its one item (fever)moved to hematologic organ system. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104

Percentage of Participants With SLEDAI-2K Organ Improvement Compared to Baseline by Visits (PI Assessed)

Percentage of Participants With SLEDAI-2K Organ Worsening Compared to Baseline by Visits (PI Assessed)

SLEDAI-2K assessments consisted of 24 individual items with 9 organ systems. Each item was given a weighted score(1 to 8 with higher score indicating increased activity)and summed if present at time of analysis. SLEDAI-2K score was sum of all 24 individual items from SLEDAI-2K, ranges from 0(no symptoms) to 105(presence of all defined symptoms). Higher scores indicates increased disease activity. A worsening was defined as an increase(compared to Baseline) in SLEDAI-2K score within same organ system at a post-Baseline visit. Baseline value was latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Percentage of participants with SLEDAI-2K organ worsening for following organ systems were reported;CNS total,Vascular total,Musculoskeletal total,Renal total,Mucocutaneous total,Cardio and Resp total,Immunologic total and Hematologic total. Constitutional organ system was removed from analysis and its one item (fever)moved to hematologic organ system. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104

Percentage of Participants With Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) -American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Damage Index Worsening Compared With Baseline at Week 52 and Week 104

The SLICC-ACR Damage Index measures irreversible (not related to active inflammation) changes occurring since the diagnosis of SLE ascertained by clinical assessment and present for at least 6 months. The questionnaire contains 39 items covering 12 different organ systems which were scored on a numerical scale between 0 (no damage) to 7 (increasing disease damage). Individual ranges for organ systems were; ocular: 0-2, neuropsychiatric: 0-6, renal: 0-3, pulmonary: 0-5, cardiovascular:0-6, peripheral vascular: 0-5, gastrointestinal:0-5, musculoskeletal: 0-6, skin: 0-3, endocrine (diabetes): 0-1, gonadal:0-1 and malignancies: 0-2. The SLICC-ACR score was calculated by taking sum of the individual scores for 12 organ systems which ranges from 0 (no damage) to 45 (increasing disease damage) where higher score indicates increasing disease damage severity. Baseline value was the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. (NCT03312907)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1), Week 52 and Week 104

Change in HDL Cholesterol

Change in Homocysteine

Change in LDL Cholesterol

Change in Lipoprotein A

Change in Mean-Max Bifurcation CIMT

For each side and wall of the bifurcation arterial segment, the maximum CIMT over the 4 angles of interrogation was selected to produce 4 summary variables (right bifurcation near wall max, right bifurcation far wall max, left bifurcation near wall max and left bifurcation far wall max). These summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-max bifurcation CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Max CIMT

For each side, segment and wall, the maximum CIMT over the 4 angles of interrogation was selected to produce 12 summary variables (right common near wall max, right common far wall max, right bifurcation near wall max, right bifurcation far wall max, right internal near wall max, right internal far wall max, left common near wall max, left common far wall max, left bifurcation near wall max, left bifurcation far wall max, left internal near wall max and left internal far wall max). These 12 summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-max CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Max Common CIMT

For each side and wall of the common carotid arterial segment, the maximum CIMT over the 4 angles of interrogation was selected to produce 4 summary variables (right common near wall max, right common far wall max, left common near wall max and left common far wall max). These summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-max common CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Max Far Wall CIMT

For the far wall measurements for each side and segment, the maximum CIMT over the 4 angles of interrogation was selected to produce 6 summary variables (right common far wall max, right bifurcation far wall max, right internal far wall max, left common far wall max, left bifurcation far wall max, and left internal far wall max). These 6 summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-max far wall CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Max Internal CIMT

For each side and wall of the internal carotid arterial segment, the maximum CIMT over the 4 angles of interrogation was selected to produce 4 summary variables (right internal near wall max, right internal far wall max, left internal near wall max and left internal far wall max). These summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-max internal CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Max Near Wall CIMT

For the near wall measurements for each side and segment, the maximum CIMT over the 4 angles of interrogation was selected to produce 6 summary variables (right common near wall max, right bifurcation near wall max, right internal near wall max, left common near wall max, left bifurcation near wall max, and left internal near wall max). These 6 summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-max near wall CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Mean Bifurcation CIMT

For the bifurcation arterial segment, mean CIMT values were averaged across angles by side and wall to produce 4 summary variables (right bifurcation near wall mean, right bifurcation far wall mean, left bifurcation near wall mean and left bifurcation far wall mean). These summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-mean bifurcation CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Mean CIMT

For each side, segment and wall, mean CIMT values were averaged over the 4 angles of interrogation to produce 12 summary variables (right common near wall mean, right common far wall mean, right bifurcation near wall mean, right bifurcation far wall mean, right internal near wall mean, right internal far wall mean, left common near wall mean, left common far wall mean, left bifurcation near wall mean, left bifurcation far wall mean, left internal near wall mean and left internal far wall mean). These 12 summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-mean CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Mean Common Carotid IMT (CIMT)

For the common carotid arterial segment, mean CIMT values were averaged across angles by side and wall to produce 4 summary variables (right common near wall mean, right common far wall mean, left common near wall mean and left common far wall mean). These summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-mean common CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Mean Far Wall CIMT

For the far wall measurements for each side and segment, mean CIMT values were averaged over the 4 angles of interrogation to produce 6 summary variables (right common far wall mean, right bifurcation far wall mean, right internal far wall mean, left common far wall mean, left bifurcation far wall mean and left internal far wall mean). These 6 summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-mean far wall CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Mean Internal CIMT

For the internal carotid arterial segment, mean CIMT values were averaged across angles by side and wall to produce 4 summary variables (right internal near wall mean, right internal far wall mean, left internal near wall mean and left internal far wall mean). These summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-mean internal CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Change in Mean-Mean Near Wall CIMT

For the near wall measurements for each side and segment, mean CIMT values were averaged over the 4 angles of interrogation to produce 6 summary variables (right common near wall mean, right bifurcation near wall mean, right internal near wall mean, left common near wall mean, left bifurcation wall mean and left internal far wall mean). These 6 summary variables were then averaged to estimate a single mean-mean far wall CIMT for each participant visit. (NCT00065806)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 36 months

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Belimumab + Placebo	6.9
Belimumab + Rituximab	11.1
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	21.3

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Belimumab + Placebo	16.7
Belimumab + Rituximab	19.4
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	25.5

Intervention	Days (Median)
Belimumab + Placebo	168.0
Belimumab + Rituximab	170.0
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	168.0

Intervention	Days (Median)
Belimumab + Placebo	372.0
Belimumab + Rituximab	379.0
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	730.0

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
	Week 8; n=66, 132, 44	Week 12; n=66, 133, 44	Week 26; n=61, 115, 40	Week 40; n=63, 122, 43	Week 52; n=64, 120, 41	Week 64;n=62, 117, 36	Week 72; n=59, 107, 33	Week 104; n=55, 111, 36
Belimumab + Placebo	4.2	4.7	3.1	6.0	6.5	4.9	5.6	5.7
Belimumab + Rituximab	4.6	4.0	5.4	5.2	6.1	6.2	5.2	7.1
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	4.8	3.8	4.1	5.2	5.1	4.6	2.9	3.1

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
	Physical health; Week 8; n=66, 132, 44	Physical health; Week 12; n=66, 133, 44	Physical health; Week 26; n=61, 115, 40	Physical health; Week 40; n=63, 122, 43	Physical health; Week 52; n=64, 120, 41	Physical health; Week 64; n=62, 117, 36	Physical health; Week 72; n=59, 107, 33	Physical health; Week 104; n=55, 111, 36	Pain; Week 8; n=66, 132, 44	Pain; Week 12; n=66, 133, 44	Pain; Week 26; n=61, 115, 40	Pain; Week 40; n=63, 122, 43	Pain; Week 52; n=64, 120, 41	Pain; Week 64; n=62, 117, 36	Pain; Week 72; n=59, 107, 33	Pain; Week 104; n=55, 111, 36	Planning; Week 8; n=66, 132, 44	Planning; Week 12; n=66, 133, 44	Planning; Week 26; n=61, 115, 40	Planning; Week 40; n=63, 122, 43	Planning; Week 52; n=64, 120, 41	Planning; Week 64; n=62, 117, 36	Planning; Week 72; n=59, 107, 33	Planning; Week 104; n=55, 111, 36	Intimate relationship; Week 8; n=51, 110, 36	Intimate relationship; Week 12; n=52, 106, 36	Intimate relationship; Week 26; n=48, 86, 30	Intimate relationship; Week 40; n=50, 94, 30	Intimate relationship; Week 52; n=51, 91, 30	Intimate relationship; Week 64; n=47, 90, 25	Intimate relationship; Week 72; n=42, 83, 21	Intimate relationship; Week 104; n=40, 85,27	Burden to others; Week 8; n=66, 132, 44	Burden to others; Week 12; n=66, 133, 44	Burden to others; Week 26; n=61, 115, 40	Burden to others; Week 40; n=63, 122, 43	Burden to others; Week 52; n=64, 120, 41	Burden to others; Week 64; n=62, 117, 36	Burden to others; Week 72; n=59, 107, 33	Burden to others; Week 104; n=55, 111, 36	Emotional health; Week 8; n=66, 132, 44	Emotional health; Week 12; n=66, 133, 44	Emotional health; Week 26; n=61,115, 40	Emotional health; Week 40; n=63, 122, 43	Emotional health; Week 52; n=64, 120, 41	Emotional health; Week 64; n=62, 117, 36	Emotional health; Week 72; n=59, 107, 33	Emotional health; Week 104; n=55, 111, 36	Body image; Week 8; n=60, 114, 37	Body image; Week 12; n=58, 118, 39	Body image; Week 26; n=56, 96, 33	Body image; Week 40; n=54, 103, 35	Body image; Week 52; n=55, 101, 33	Body image; Week 64; n=52, 98, 27	Body image; Week 72; n=44, 93, 25	Body image; Week 104; n=48, 94, 28	Fatigue; Week 8; n=66,132, 44	Fatigue; Week 12; n=66, 133, 44	Fatigue; Week 26; n=61, 115, 40	Fatigue; Week 40; n=63, 122, 43	Fatigue; Week 52; n=64, 120, 41	Fatigue; Week 64; n=62, 117, 36	Fatigue; Week 72; n=59, 107, 33	Fatigue; Week 104; n=55, 111, 36
Belimumab + Placebo	3.0	3.5	3.3	8.5	8.1	5.8	7.0	6.2	5.8	7.5	7.0	12.3	13.9	10.2	13.1	13.8	3.4	4.5	3.4	11.6	11.6	7.8	9.2	12.1	-1.2	-2.6	-1.3	4.3	4.7	-4.5	0.0	-0.3	7.3	11.4	8.7	13.9	16.5	14.4	17.1	18.9	5.2	8.1	7.7	9.7	10.2	8.1	8.8	6.8	5.7	1.9	5.8	8.9	7.9	6.0	7.8	4.4	9.8	8.2	8.6	11.9	14.2	10.5	12.1	9.4
Belimumab + Rituximab	6.0	5.8	10.5	9.5	10.0	10.2	9.1	10.6	11.4	13.0	17.2	18.0	17.6	17.4	17.0	19.0	8.0	7.6	9.9	12.2	12.6	14.5	11.4	14.2	5.2	4.6	8.9	7.7	6.6	11.0	8.6	11.2	6.8	8.4	10.5	12.6	14.9	17.0	14.4	15.0	6.4	4.5	6.7	6.7	7.8	9.3	6.2	9.3	8.9	10.1	9.0	8.2	9.1	11.3	8.7	11.4	9.2	7.0	11.4	10.3	12.0	14.0	13.1	14.3
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	6.3	6.4	11.6	8.2	11.6	9.5	8.5	7.2	10.4	6.1	13.1	12.6	15.7	13.2	11.9	12.5	10.0	7.8	12.1	10.7	14.0	7.2	6.6	8.8	7.6	7.6	14.2	15.8	15.8	12.5	5.4	4.6	10.6	6.4	7.5	12.0	15.0	12.3	11.1	12.7	11.6	9.1	10.1	9.4	11.4	8.1	6.6	10.5	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.1	10.3	7.7	2.5	3.5	8.5	10.4	11.9	11.3	16.6	10.8	11.6	9.7

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
	Week 4; n=72, 142, 45	Week 8; n=66, 135, 44	Week 12; n=66, 137, 44	Week 16; n=68, 132, 44	Week 20; n=66, 130, 44	Week 24; n=62, 130, 43	Week 26; n=62, 120, 40	Week 28; n=63, 127, 43	Week 32; n=62, 124, 43	Week 36; n=64, 126, 43	Week 40; n=63, 126, 43	Week 44; n=63, 124, 43	Week 48; n=59, 121, 40	Week 52; n=64, 122, 41	Week 60; n=61, 120, 37	Week 64; n=62, 120, 36	Week 72; n=58, 110, 33	Week 80; n=57, 112, 37	Week 88; n=59, 109, 36	Week 96; n=54, 109, 35	Week 104; n=55, 114, 36
Belimumab + Placebo	-0.285	-0.535	-0.592	-0.619	-0.697	-0.770	-0.786	-0.781	-0.851	-0.916	-0.893	-0.800	-0.885	-0.947	-0.836	-0.876	-0.928	-0.949	-1.060	-1.016	-1.052
Belimumab + Rituximab	-0.247	-0.520	-0.660	-0.717	-0.787	-0.766	-0.811	-0.817	-0.864	-0.927	-0.925	-0.905	-0.928	-0.938	-0.848	-0.943	-0.944	-0.954	-0.993	-0.994	-1.074
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	-0.303	-0.585	-0.654	-0.759	-0.786	-0.965	-0.929	-0.980	-1.005	-0.917	-0.993	-0.970	-0.956	-1.004	-1.206	-1.095	-1.047	-1.138	-1.140	-1.214	-1.085

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
	Week 4; n=69, 137, 43	Week 8; n=63, 132, 43	Week 12; n=63, 131, 43	Week 16; n=65, 129, 43	Week 20; n=63, 127, 44	Week 24; n=61, 128, 43	Week 26; n=61, 118, 40	Week 28; n=62, 125, 43	Week 32; n=61, 125, 43	Week 36; n=61, 125, 43	Week 40; n=62, 125, 43	Week 44; n=62, 122, 43	Week 48; n=59, 122, 40	Week 52; n=62, 119, 39	Week 60; n=57, 114, 37	Week 64; n=60, 117, 36	Week 72; n=49, 103, 30	Week 80; n=46, 102, 36	Week 88; n=49, 101, 34	Week 96; n=49, 100, 34	Week 104; n=50, 104, 34
Belimumab + Placebo	-1.4	-3.2	-2.8	-3.4	-3.8	-4.0	-4.1	-3.7	-4.7	-5.0	-4.6	-4.7	-4.5	-5.3	-5.0	-5.1	-5.2	-5.4	-5.3	-5.6	-5.1
Belimumab + Rituximab	-0.8	-2.9	-3.6	-4.4	-5.0	-5.0	-5.4	-5.1	-5.7	-5.6	-5.8	-6.1	-6.2	-6.1	-5.8	-6.2	-6.6	-6.5	-6.5	-7.0	-7.2
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	-1.3	-2.9	-2.9	-4.1	-3.8	-5.0	-5.0	-5.2	-5.3	-5.0	-5.0	-5.2	-5.3	-5.6	-6.0	-5.5	-5.3	-6.0	-6.1	-6.1	-6.3

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Malignant Neoplasms	PISR	All Infections of Special Interest	Depression/suicide/self-injury	Deaths
Belimumab + Placebo	1	7	5	9	1
Belimumab + Rituximab	1	19	12	16	2
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	1	4	5	5	0

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	SAE	non-SAE
Belimumab + Placebo	10	48
Belimumab + Rituximab	32	109
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	15	53

Authors	Studies
Loghmani, A	1
Ford, B	1
Derbes, S	1
Wang, M	2
Zhu, Z	1
Lin, X	1
Li, H	3
Wen, C	3
Bao, J	1
He, Z	1
Quevedo-Abeledo, JC	2
Hernández-Díaz, M	1
Sánchez-Pérez, H	1
Medina-Vega, L	1
González-Rivero, AF	1
Almeida-Santiago, C	1
de Armas-Rillo, L	1
González-Gay, MÁ	4
Ferraz-Amaro, I	2
Assunção, H	2
Jesus, D	2
Larosa, M	3
Henriques, C	2
Matos, A	2
Le Guern, V	4
Rubiño, F	1
da Silva, JAP	2
Rua-Figueroa, I	1
Costedoat-Chalumeau, N	4
Doria, A	11
Inês, LS	2
Gao, R	1
Deng, W	1
Meng, C	1
Cheng, K	1
Zeng, X	4
Qin, L	1
Wahadat, MJ	1
van den Berg, L	1
Timmermans, D	1

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12	Week 16	Week 20	Week 24	Week 26	Week 28	Week 32	Week 36	Week 40	Week 44	Week 48	Week 52	Week 60	Week 64	Week 72	Week 80	Week 88	Week 96	Week 104
Belimumab + Placebo	0	9.7	8.3	11.1	11.1	12.5	22.2	20.8	29.2	30.6	22.2	30.6	26.4	27.8	26.4	20.8	22.2	18.1	23.6	20.8	20.8
Belimumab + Rituximab	2.1	1.4	9.7	16.7	25.7	22.2	25.7	25.0	31.9	34.0	33.3	37.5	37.5	34.0	23.6	30.6	31.3	26.4	24.3	30.6	32.6
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	2.1	10.6	6.4	19.1	19.1	36.2	34.0	34.0	36.2	29.8	38.3	31.9	31.9	29.8	36.2	31.9	31.9	34.0	29.8	36.2	38.3

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	CNS Total; Week 4; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 8; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 12; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 16; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 20; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 24; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 26; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 28; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 32; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 36; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 40; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 44; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 48; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 52; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 60; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 64; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 72; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 80; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 88; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 96; n= 2,3,2	CNS Total; Week 104; n=2,3,2	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 4; n= 57, 110, 34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 8; n=57,110, 34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 12; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 16; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 20; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 24; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total;; Week 26; n=57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 28; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 32; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 36; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 40; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 44; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 48; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 52; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 60; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 64; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 72; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 80; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 88; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 96; n= 57,110,34	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 104; n= 57,110,34	Renal Total; Week 4; n= 14,23,8	Renal Total; Week 8; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 12; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 16; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 20; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 24; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 26; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 28; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 32; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 36; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 40; n=14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 44; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 48; n=14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 52; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 60; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 64; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 72; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 80; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 88; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 96; n= 14, 23, 8	Renal Total; Week 104; n= 14, 23, 8	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 4; n= 59, 126,43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 8; n= 59,126,43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 12; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 16; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 20; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 24; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 26; n=59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 28; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 32; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 36; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 40; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 44; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 48; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 52; n=59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 60; n=59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 64; n=59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 72; n=59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 80; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 88; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 96; n= 59, 126, 43	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 104; n= 59, 126, 43	Immunologic Total; Week 4; n=48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 8; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 12; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 16; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 20; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 24; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 26; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 28; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 32; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 36; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 40; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 44; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 48; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 52; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 60; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 64; n= 48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 72; n=48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 80; n=48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 88; n=48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 96; n=48, 104, 34	Immunologic Total; Week 104; n=48, 104, 34	Hematologic Total; Week 4; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 8; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 12; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 16; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 20; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 24; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 26; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 28; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 32; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 36; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 40; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 44; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 48; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 52; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 60; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 64; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 72; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 80; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 88; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 96; n= 8, 19, 3	Hematologic Total; Week 104; n= 8, 19, 3
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	0	0	50.0	0	0	100	0	100	100	50.0	100	100	50.0	100	100	100	50.0	50.0	100	100	100	23.5	50.0	47.1	67.6	64.7	70.6	73.5	76.5	76.5	76.5	73.5	76.5	73.5	73.5	67.6	67.6	58.8	76.5	67.6	70.6	67.6	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	25.0	37.5	25.0	50.0	25.0	12.5	50.0	25.0	25.0	12.5	12.5	50.0	25.0	37.5	50.0	32.6	51.2	55.8	67.4	69.8	69.8	65.1	69.8	74.4	69.8	67.4	69.8	69.8	69.8	67.4	62.8	58.1	62.8	67.4	62.7	60.5	17.6	17.6	17.6	11.8	23.5	20.6	11.8	20.6	23.5	17.6	23.5	38.2	29.4	26.5	20.6	26.5	17.6	23.5	14.7	20.6	20.6	0	66.7	33.3	66.7	100	100	100	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	33.3	33.3	33.3	0	33.3	33.3	33.3	33.3

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	CNS Total; Week 4; n= 69, 136, 43	CNS Total; Week 8; n= 64,132, 42	CNS Total; Week 12; n= 65, 134, 42	CNS Total; Week 16; n= 65, 130, 42	CNS Total; Week 20; n= 63, 128, 42	CNS Total; Week 24; n= 61, 127, 41	CNS Total; Week 26; n=61, 116, 38	CNS Total; Week 28; n=62, 124, 41	CNS Total; Week 32; n= 61, 124, 41	CNS Total; Week 36; n=61, 124, 41	CNS Total; Week 40; n=61, 123, 41	CNS Total; Week 44; n= 61, 121, 41	CNS Total; Week 48; n= 58, 120,39	CNS Total; Week 52; n= 62, 120, 38	CNS Total; Week 60; n=59, 117, 35	CNS Total; Week 64; n=60, 117, 34	CNS Total; Week 72; n= 56, 109, 31	CNS Total; Week 80; n=55, 111, 35	CNS Total; Week 88; n= 57, 107, 34	CNS Total; Week 96; n=52, 107, 33	CNS Total; Week 104; n= 53, 112, 34	Vascular Total;Week 4; n= 65, 128, 45	Vascular Total;Week 8; n= 61, 124, 44	Vascular Total; Week 12; n= 62, 126, 44	Vascular Total; Week 16; n=62, 122, 44	Vascular Total; Week 20; n=60, 120, 44	Vascular Total; Week 24; n= 59, 119, 43	Vascular Total; Week 26; n=58, 109, 40	Vascular Total;Week 28; n= 61, 116, 43	Vascular Total;Week 32; n=59, 116, 43	Vascular Total;Week 36; n= 59, 116, 43	Vascular Total;Week 40; n=59, 115, 43	Vascular Total;Week 44; n= 59, 113, 43	Vascular Total;Week 48; n= 57, 112, 40	Vascular Total;Week 52; n=60, 112, 40	Vascular Total;Week 60; n= 58, 109, 37	Vascular Total;Week 64; n=59, 109, 36	Vascular Total;Week 72; n=55, 101, 33	Vascular Total;Week 80; n= 54, 104, 37	Vascular Total;Week 88; n=56, 102, 36	Vascular Total;Week 96; n=51, 101, 35	Vascular Total;Week 104; n=53, 105, 36	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 4; n=15, 33, 12	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 8; n= 15, 33, 12	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 12; n= 15, 33, 12	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 16; n= 15, 32, 12	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 20; n= 15, 32, 12	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 24; n= 15, 31, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 26; n= 15, 31, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 28; n= 14, 31, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 32; n= 15, 30, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 36; n= 14, 30, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 40; n=15, 30, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 44; n=15, 29, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 48; n= 14, 30, 10	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 52; n= 15, 30, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 60; n= 14, 28, 11	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 64; n=14, 29, 10	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 72; n= 14, 27, 10	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 80; n= 13, 26, 9	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 88; n= 13, 25, 9	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 96; n= 12, 26, 9	Musculoskeletal Total; Week 104; n= 13, 27, 9	Renal Total; Week 4; n= 57, 117, 36	Renal Total; Week 8; n=51, 110, 36	Renal Total; Week 12; n=53, 115, 35	Renal Total; Week 16; n=53, 112, 35	Renal Total; Week 20; n= 49, 108, 36	Renal Total; Week 24; n= 49, 111, 35	Renal Total; Week 26; n= 49, 99, 33	Renal Total; Week 28; n= 50, 106, 36	Renal Total; Week 32; n= 50,107, 36	Renal Total; Week 36; n= 50, 107, 36	Renal Total; Week 40; n= 47, 106, 34	Renal Total; Week 44; n= 49, 103, 35	Renal Total; Week 48; n= 47, 101, 32	Renal Total; Week 52; n= 49, 103, 32	Renal Total; Week 60; n=47, 96, 30	Renal Total; Week 64; n= 50, 99, 29	Renal Total; Week 72; n= 40, 89, 26	Renal Total; Week 80; n= 41, 90, 29	Renal Total; Week 88; n= 44, 85, 29	Renal Total; Week 96; n= 43, 85, 29	Renal Total; Week 104; n= 44, 90, 30	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 4; n= 13, 18, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 8; n= 12, 18, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 12; n= 12, 18, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 16; n= 12, 18, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 20; n= 12, 18, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 24; n= 11, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 26; n= 10, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 28; n= 10, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 32; n= 10, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 36; n= 10, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 40; n= 10, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 44; n= 10, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 48; n=10, 16, 3	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 52; n= 10, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 60; n= 9, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 64; n= 10, 16, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 72; n=10, 16, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 80; n= 9, 17, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 88; n= 9, 16, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 96; n= 9, 15, 4	Mucocutaneous Total; Week 104; n= 9, 17, 4	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 4; n= 68, 132, 45	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 8; n= 63, 128, 44	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 12; n= 64, 130, 44	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 16; n= 64, 126, 44	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 20; n= 63, 124, 44	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 24; n= 60, 123, 43	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 26; n=59, 112, 40	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 28; n= 61, 120, 43	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 32; n= 60, 120, 43	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 36; n= 60, 120, 43	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 40; n=60, 119, 43	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 44; n= 60, 117, 43	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 48; n= 57, 116, 40	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 52; n=61, 116, 40	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 60; n= 58, 114, 37	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 64; n= 59, 114, 36	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 72; n= 55, 106, 33	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 80; n= 54, 107, 37	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 88; n= 56, 104, 36	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 96; n=51, 104, 35	Cardio and Resp Total; Week 104; n= 52, 109, 36	Immunologic Total; Week 4; n=23, 37, 13	Immunologic Total; Week 8; n=20, 37, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 12; n=21, 37,12	Immunologic Total; Week 16; n= 21, 35, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 20; n= 19, 35, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 24; n= 18, 35, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 26; n= 18, 30, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 28; n= 19, 35, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 32; n= 19, 33, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 36; n= 19, 34, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 40; n= 19, 33, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 44; n= 18, 33, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 48; n= 18, 33, 11	Immunologic Total; Week 52; n= 19, 32, 12	Immunologic Total; Week 60; n= 18, 32, 10	Immunologic Total; Week 64; n= 19, 33, 10	Immunologic Total; Week 72; n= 17, 28, 9	Immunologic Total; Week 80; n= 18, 29, 11	Immunologic Total; Week 88; n= 19, 29, 11	Immunologic Total; Week 96; n= 16, 30, 11	Immunologic Total; Week 104; n= 17, 28, 12	Hematologic Total; Week 4; n= 59, 115, 40	Hematologic Total; Week 8; n= 52, 109, 38	Hematologic Total; Week 12; n= 55, 110, 38	Hematologic Total; Week 16; n=54, 107, 34	Hematologic Total; Week 20; n= 54, 108, 40	Hematologic Total; Week 24; n= 53, 111, 37	Hematologic Total; Week 26; n= 53, 101, 37	Hematologic Total; Week 28; n= 52, 106, 39	Hematologic Total; Week 32; n=52, 110, 38	Hematologic Total; Week 36; n= 53, 109, 40	Hematologic Total; Week 40; n= 51, 108, 37	Hematologic Total; Week 44; n=53, 107, 38	Hematologic Total; Week 48; n=51, 105, 35	Hematologic Total; Week 52; n= 53, 103, 37	Hematologic Total; Week 60; n=53, 101, 35	Hematologic Total; Week 64; n=54, 98, 32	Hematologic Total; Week 72; n= 47,96, 29	Hematologic Total; Week 80; n= 45, 94, 35	Hematologic Total; Week 88; n= 46, 88, 32	Hematologic Total; Week 96; n= 45, 90, 32	Hematologic Total; Week 104; n= 46, 94, 32
Belimumab + Placebo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6.7	13.3	6.7	6.7	0	0	0	0	7.1	0	0	7.1	6.7	0	0	0	0	15.4	0	0	5.3	2.0	1.9	7.5	8.2	10.2	6.1	10.0	6.0	8.0	6.4	6.1	10.6	8.2	6.4	2.0	5.0	14.6	13.6	4.7	6.8	15.4	8.3	8.3	0	25.0	18.2	20.0	0	10.0	0	20.0	10.0	0	0	11.1	0	20	0	0	11.1	11.1	2.9	0	0	3.1	1.6	0	0	3.3	1.7	1.7	0	1.7	0	0	0	0	0	1.9	1.8	0	0	17.4	20.0	23.8	9.5	15.8	5.6	5.6	15.8	10.5	15.8	21.1	22.2	22.2	21.1	16.7	21.1	23.5	5.6	10.5	12.5	11.8	5.1	3.8	1.8	1.9	5.6	3.8	9.4	7.7	0	5.7	0	7.5	5.9	3.8	9.4	11.1	10.6	0	10.9	4.4	4.3
Belimumab + Rituximab	0	0	0	0.8	0	0.8	0.9	0	0.8	1.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.9	2.4	1.6	1.6	0.8	0	0.9	1.7	2.6	1.7	1.7	0	0	0.9	0	1.8	0	1.0	0	0	0	12.1	6.1	6.1	3.1	6.3	6.5	3.2	3.2	6.7	3.3	3.3	6.9	3.3	6.7	0	3.4	11.1	0	4.0	3.8	0	6.0	3.6	3.5	4.5	3.7	3.6	0	1.9	2.8	2.8	4.7	1.0	5.9	3.9	4.2	2.0	4.5	3.3	1.2	1.2	2.2	5.6	11.1	16.7	5.6	5.6	5.9	11.8	11.8	5.9	5.9	11.8	0	6.3	5.9	11.8	6.3	6.3	0	6.3	0	5.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0	0.8	0	0	0.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.9	0	0	0	1.0	0	0	10.8	8.1	11.4	11.4	5.7	6.7	8.6	12.1	8.8	6.1	0	3.0	3.1	6.3	6.1	7.1	6.9	6.9	13.3	17.9	3.5	5.5	4.5	2.8	5.6	2.7	5.0	3.8	4.5	6.4	10.2	6.5	4.8	3.9	5.0	5.1	5.2	4.3	9.1	4.4	6.4
Belimumab + Standard Therapy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8.3	0	0	0	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.1	10.0	9.1	9.1	10.0	10.0	11.1	0	0	0	11.1	5.6	8.6	2.9	8.3	2.9	0	2.8	2.8	5.6	0	2.9	6.3	3.1	0	0	0	6.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25.0	0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7.7	0	16.7	0	0	0	8.3	16.7	8.3	16.7	8.3	0	27.3	8.3	0	20.0	11.1	18.2	18.2	18.2	16.7	5.0	0	10.5	2.9	5.0	2.7	10.8	5.1	7.9	2.5	5.4	5.3	0	2.7	5.7	6.3	3.4	5.7	3.1	3.1	6.3