prednisone and Crohn Disease studies

Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.
prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.

Crohn Disease: A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Budesonide has been found effective in patients with mild and moderate Crohn disease and has been found to cause fewer side effects than prednisone."	9.10	A comparison of budesonide and prednisone for the treatment of active pediatric Crohn disease. ( Broide, E; Bujanover, Y; Dinari, G; Levine, A; On, A; Pacht, A; Shamir, R; Shaoul, R; Weiss, B; Weizman, Z, 2003)
"To determine whether sulphasalazine plus prednisone is more effective than sulphasalazine alone in treating active Crohn disease."	9.07	Sulphasalazine and prednisone compared with sulphasalazine for treating active Crohn disease. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. ( Rijk, MC; van Hogezand, RA; van Lier, HJ; van Tongeren, JH, 1991)
"A 52-year-old woman was treated for colorectal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after a prolonged treatment period of azathioprine (AZA) and infliximab (IFX) for Crohn's disease (CD)."	7.96	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the colon and rectum in a patient with colonic Crohn's disease treated with infliximab and azathioprine. ( Daikuhara, S; Hirayama, A; Sato, K; Suga, T; Tanaka, E; Uehara, T, 2020)
" We present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as Histoplasma epiglottitis in a patient with Crohn's disease maintained on infliximab, prednisone, and azathioprine."	7.79	Histoplasma epiglottitis in a patient with Crohn's disease maintained on infliximab, prednisone, and azathioprine. ( Abou Zahr, A; Saad Aldin, E; Yunyongying, P, 2013)
"We report a case of a Crohn's disease patient who developed pulmonary cryptococcosis following chicken manure exposition while he received adalimumab and azathioprine."	7.79	Pulmonary cryptococcosis in a patient with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone, azathioprine and adalimumab: exposure to chicken manure as a source of contamination. ( Fraison, JB; Guilpain, P; Le Moing, V; Le Quellec, A; Rispail, P; Schiffmann, A; Veyrac, M, 2013)
"The aim of the study was to evaluate thalidomide as rescue therapy for pediatric patients with severe refractory Crohn disease (CD) who failed to respond to antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologic agents."	7.78	Thalidomide use and outcomes in pediatric patients with Crohn disease refractory to infliximab and adalimumab. ( Felipez, LM; Gokhale, R; Kirschner, BS; Tierney, MP, 2012)
"To determine whether long-term low-dose prednisone (LTLDP) therapy has a decelerating effect on growth velocity and whether this therapy is effective in the maintenance of remission in the subgroup of pediatric patients with Crohn disease (CD) who had previously experienced flares on more than 1 occasion when prednisone was discontinued."	7.74	Effect of long-term low-dose prednisone on height velocity and disease activity in pediatric and adolescent patients with Crohn disease. ( Hanauer, SB; Kirschner, BS; Navarro, FA, 2007)
"Budesonide has been found effective in patients with mild and moderate Crohn disease and has been found to cause fewer side effects than prednisone."	5.10	A comparison of budesonide and prednisone for the treatment of active pediatric Crohn disease. ( Broide, E; Bujanover, Y; Dinari, G; Levine, A; On, A; Pacht, A; Shamir, R; Shaoul, R; Weiss, B; Weizman, Z, 2003)
"To determine whether sulphasalazine plus prednisone is more effective than sulphasalazine alone in treating active Crohn disease."	5.07	Sulphasalazine and prednisone compared with sulphasalazine for treating active Crohn disease. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. ( Rijk, MC; van Hogezand, RA; van Lier, HJ; van Tongeren, JH, 1991)
" Here, we present the case of a 40-year-old male with severe ileocecal-CD who developed a reactivation of dermatomal herpes zoster after treatment with prednisone and adalimumab."	4.89	Varicella zoster meningitis complicating combined anti-tumor necrosis factor and corticosteroid therapy in Crohn's disease. ( Fedorak, RN; Ma, C; Walters, B, 2013)
" This patient with granulomatous gastroenteritis had a clinical and histologic response to medical therapy with prednisone and recurrence of symptoms when prednisone was tapered."	4.79	Granulomatous gastroenteritis. Case report with comparison to idiopathic isolated granulomatous gastritis. ( al-Samman, M; Boman, DA; Zuckerman, MJ, 1994)
"We report large-volume secretory diarrhea and intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a man whom ultimately proved to have Crohn's disease that responded to sulfasalazine and steroids with resolution of all his symptoms."	4.79	Massive secretory diarrhea and pseudo-obstruction as the initial presentation of Crohn's disease. ( Carethers, JM; McDonnell, WM; Owyang, C; Scheiman, JM, 1996)
"A 60-year-old woman of Suriname origin, with a history of renal transplantation and use of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone, presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea."	3.96	[Ileocolitis in an immunocompromised patient. Crohn's disease or an infection?] ( Brinkman, TK; Gelinck, LBS; Hubers, AAM; Scholten, EM; van der Veek, PPJ, 2020)
"A 52-year-old woman was treated for colorectal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after a prolonged treatment period of azathioprine (AZA) and infliximab (IFX) for Crohn's disease (CD)."	3.96	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the colon and rectum in a patient with colonic Crohn's disease treated with infliximab and azathioprine. ( Daikuhara, S; Hirayama, A; Sato, K; Suga, T; Tanaka, E; Uehara, T, 2020)
"To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of eruptive sebaceous hyperplasia secondary to the use of prednisone in a patient with Crohn's disease."	3.88	Eruptive Sebaceous Hyperplasia: A Rare Consequence of Systemic Corticosteroids. ( Friedman, AJ; Ranasinghe, GC, 2018)
" We present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as Histoplasma epiglottitis in a patient with Crohn's disease maintained on infliximab, prednisone, and azathioprine."	3.79	Histoplasma epiglottitis in a patient with Crohn's disease maintained on infliximab, prednisone, and azathioprine. ( Abou Zahr, A; Saad Aldin, E; Yunyongying, P, 2013)
"We report a case of a Crohn's disease patient who developed pulmonary cryptococcosis following chicken manure exposition while he received adalimumab and azathioprine."	3.79	Pulmonary cryptococcosis in a patient with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone, azathioprine and adalimumab: exposure to chicken manure as a source of contamination. ( Fraison, JB; Guilpain, P; Le Moing, V; Le Quellec, A; Rispail, P; Schiffmann, A; Veyrac, M, 2013)
"The aim of the study was to evaluate thalidomide as rescue therapy for pediatric patients with severe refractory Crohn disease (CD) who failed to respond to antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologic agents."	3.78	Thalidomide use and outcomes in pediatric patients with Crohn disease refractory to infliximab and adalimumab. ( Felipez, LM; Gokhale, R; Kirschner, BS; Tierney, MP, 2012)
" An increased risk of serious infection with infliximab was observed, although CD severity and use of prednisone or narcotic analgesics carried higher risks."	3.78	Serious infection and mortality in patients with Crohn's disease: more than 5 years of follow-up in the TREAT™ registry. ( Cohen, RD; Diamond, RH; Feagan, BG; Langholff, W; Lichtenstein, GR; Londhe, A; Price, S; Salzberg, BA; Sandborn, WJ, 2012)
"To determine whether long-term low-dose prednisone (LTLDP) therapy has a decelerating effect on growth velocity and whether this therapy is effective in the maintenance of remission in the subgroup of pediatric patients with Crohn disease (CD) who had previously experienced flares on more than 1 occasion when prednisone was discontinued."	3.74	Effect of long-term low-dose prednisone on height velocity and disease activity in pediatric and adolescent patients with Crohn disease. ( Hanauer, SB; Kirschner, BS; Navarro, FA, 2007)
" Azathioprine has a significant early adverse reaction (EAR) profile, which includes an acute syndrome of constitutional symptoms, fever, rash, and acute pancreatitis and often requires discontinuation of drug."	3.73	Increased rates of early adverse reaction to azathioprine in patients with Crohn's disease compared to autoimmune hepatitis: a tertiary referral center experience. ( Bajaj, JS; Binion, DG; Emmons, J; Franco, J; Knox, JF; Levy, M; Podoll, J; Saeian, K; Varma, RR, 2005)
"A 27-year-old man with Crohn disease developed a rash while taking mesalamine (Pentasa and Asacol)."	3.73	Lack of cross-reactivity between 5-aminosalicylic acid-based drugs: a case report and review of the literature. ( Choudhary, C; Cohn, JR; Kung, SJ; McGeady, SJ, 2006)
"Prednisone was tapered, beginning at week 1, and discontinued no later than week 14."	2.79	Methotrexate in combination with infliximab is no more effective than infliximab alone in patients with Crohn's disease. ( Anderson, F; Bernstein, CN; Bitton, A; Bourdages, R; Cohen, A; Dallaire, C; Donner, A; Enns, RA; Feagan, BG; Fedorak, RN; Greenberg, GR; Hopkins, M; Macintosh, DG; McDonald, JW; Panaccione, R; Paré, P; Ponich, TP; Saibil, F; Vandervoort, MK; Wong, CJ; Zou, G, 2014)
"Thirty-one patients (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score 91; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [IBDQ] 172."	2.78	Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in patients with steroid-dependent Crohn's disease: an open-label, multicenter, prospective trial. ( Anderson, F; Janneke van der Woude, C; Kaatz, M; Knobler, R; Mannon, PJ; Ochsenkühn, T; Parenti, D; Reinisch, W; Rutgeerts, PJ; von Tirpitz, C, 2013)
"Steroids, the mainstay of Crohn's disease treatment, have been associated with systemic side effects."	2.76	Beclomethasone dipropionate in Crohn's ileitis: a randomised, double-blind trial. ( Annese, V; Casa, A; Cottone, M; Lochs, H; Marconi, S; Prantera, C; Rizzi, M; Sturniolo, GC, 2011)
"Inflammation is a known pitfall of surveillance colonoscopy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as it is difficult to differentiate between inflammation and true dysplasia."	2.75	A short course of corticosteroids prior to surveillance colonoscopy to decrease mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease patients: results from a randomized controlled trial. ( Baars, JE; Biermann, K; Kuipers, EJ; van der Woude, CJ; Vogelaar, L; Wolfhagen, FH, 2010)
"A 31-year-old man with Crohn's disease in remission after 6-year treatment with infliximab developed nasopharyngeal diffuse large B cell lymphoma."	2.72	Long-term endoscopic remission in Crohn's disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for diffuse large B cell lymphoma: case report and literature review. ( Fukuhara, N; Handa, T; Ichikawa, S; Inomata, Y; Kakuta, Y; Kuroha, M; Masamune, A; Moroi, R; Sato, Y; Shiga, H; Shimoyama, Y; Takahashi, T, 2021)
" Clinical response, remission, corticosteroid tapering, and adverse event data were collected."	2.70	Efficacy and safety of repeated infliximab infusions for Crohn's disease: 1-year clinical experience. ( Cohen, RD, 2001)
"Active (Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) 200-350), steroid dependent (prednisone 10-40 mg) Crohn's patients were randomised into three treatment groups: placebo versus ISIS 2302 (2 mg/kg intravenously three times a week) for two or four weeks."	2.70	Double blind, placebo controlled trial of the remission inducing and steroid sparing properties of an ICAM-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, alicaforsen (ISIS 2302), in active steroid dependent Crohn's disease. ( Baerg, R; Buchman, AL; Chey, WY; Gibiansky, E; Goff, J; Salzberg, B; Shanahan, WR; Tami, J; Yacyshyn, BR; Yu, R, 2002)
"Prednisone was tapered over 5 weeks."	2.69	Lack of effect of intravenous administration on time to respond to azathioprine for steroid-treated Crohn's disease. North American Azathioprine Study Group. ( Feagan, BG; Fedorak, RN; Gordon, S; Hanauer, SB; Isaacs, KL; Kleoudis, CS; Lipsky, JJ; Mays, DC; McDonald, JW; Murdock, RH; Pike, MG; Sandborn, WJ; Sninsky, CA; Sutherland, LR; Targan, SR; Tremaine, WJ; Wolf, DC, 1999)
"All but one Crohn's disease patient had relapsed by the end of the study at 6 months."	2.69	Mycophenolate mofetil: lack of efficacy in chronic active inflammatory bowel disease. ( Fellermann, K; Hämling, J; Loeschke, K; Ludwig, D; Raedler, A; Stange, EF; Steffen, M; Stein, J, 2000)
"Patients with Crohn's disease often have relapses."	2.69	A comparison of methotrexate with placebo for the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. North American Crohn's Study Group Investigators. ( Feagan, BG; Fedorak, RN; Greenberg, GR; Hanauer, SB; Hopkins, M; Irvine, EJ; Koval, J; McDonald, JW; Steinhart, AH; Sutherland, L; Wild, G; Wong, CJ, 2000)
" Prednisone dosage adjustments were based on a defined schedule determined by the change in a subject's disease activity score, and steroid administration was discontinued as remission was achieved."	2.69	A multicenter trial of 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone in children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. ( Daum, F; Grancher, K; Kohn, N; Lesser, M; Markowitz, J, 2000)
"The role of cyclosporine in Crohn's disease is controversial."	2.68	European trial of cyclosporine in chronic active Crohn's disease: a 12-month study. The European Study Group. ( Feutren, G; Modigliani, R; Peña, AS; Smith, PR; Stange, EF; Wood, AJ, 1995)
"Long-term corticosteroid therapy for Crohn's disease is associated with important types of morbidity, such as osteoporosis."	2.67	Low-dose cyclosporine for the treatment of Crohn's disease. The Canadian Crohn's Relapse Prevention Trial Investigators. ( Archambault, A; Feagan, BG; Fedorak, RN; Gillies, R; Groll, A; Kinnear, D; Laupacis, A; McDonald, JW; Rochon, J; Saibil, F, 1994)
"Mesalamine was well tolerated and no adverse laboratory trends were observed."	2.67	Long-term management of Crohn's disease with mesalamine capsules (Pentasa). Pentasa Crohn's Disease Compassionate Use Study Group. ( Hanauer, SB; Krawitt, EL; Rick, GG; Robinson, M; Safdi, MA, 1993)
" Of the 10 patients with Crohn's disease, daily prednisone dosage dropped from a mean of 37 +/- 9."	2.67	Low-dose oral methotrexate in refractory inflammatory bowel disease. ( Baron, TH; Elson, CO; Truss, CD, 1993)
"The course of 205 patients with Crohn's disease at one gastroenterological center was studied in patients with conservative drug treatment or with operative management of their disease."	2.66	Clinical relapse of Crohn's disease under standardized conservative treatment and after excisional surgery. ( Dirks, E; Eigler, FW; Förster, S; Goebell, H; Quebe-Fehling, E; Schaarschmidt, K, 1989)
"Thirty-six patients (27 with ulcerative colitis and 9 with Crohn's disease) completed a prospective controlled therapeutic trial of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) and total bowel rest in acute colitis."	2.65	Controlled trial of intravenous hyperalimentation and total bowel rest as an adjunct to the routine therapy of acute colitis. ( Ashton, MG; Axon, AT; Dickinson, RJ; Hill, GL; Smith, RC; Yeung, CK, 1980)
"A standard clinical grading system, the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was developed to allow uniform decentralized clinical evaluation and decision-making throughout the 5 yr of the study."	2.65	National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: study design and conduct of the study. ( Becktel, JM; Best, WR; Kern, F; Lenk, LF; Singleton, JW; Summers, RW; Winship, DH, 1979)
"The response of active and quiescent Crohn's disease to prednisone, sulfasalazine, or azathioprine has been studied in 569 patients in a placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter cooperative trial."	2.65	National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: results of drug treatment. ( Becktel, JM; Best, WR; Kern, F; Sessions, JT; Singleton, JW; Summers, RW; Switz, DM, 1979)
"Azathioprine was approximately as toxic as prednisone but no more effective than placebo in suppressing active disease."	2.65	National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: adverse reactions to study drugs. ( Kelley, ML; Law, DH; Mekhjian, HS; Singleton, JW; Sturdevant, RA, 1979)
"The long-term effect of prednisone in Crohn's disease has been examined in a double-blind controlled trial."	2.64	Low dose steroids and clinical relapse in Crohn's disease: a controlled trial. ( Crosby, DL; Evans, KT; Heatley, RV; Hughes, LE; Jones, H; Lawrie, BW; Rees, BI; Rhodes, J; Smith, RC, 1978)
" The mean reduction in steriod dosage in the azathioprine group at the end of the trial (-15."	2.64	A controlled trial of azathioprine in Crohn's disease. ( Kirsner, JB; Levin, B; Rosenberg, JL; Wall, AJ, 1975)
"Azathioprine was significantly inferior to infliximab for induction of steroid-free clinical remission."	2.53	Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. ( Chande, N; MacDonald, JK; Parker, CE; Townsend, CM, 2016)
"Orbital myositis is a rare extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease."	2.49	Adalimumab for orbital myositis in a patient with Crohn's disease who discontinued infliximab: a case report and review of the literature. ( Fedorak, RN; Kroeker, KI; Verma, S, 2013)
"Crohn's disease is a chronic, inflammatory process, probably immunologically mediated, that may affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, usually in a discontinuous fashion."	2.47	Crohn's disease of the mouth: report of a case. ( Litsas, G, 2011)
" For patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC), steroid dosing has been clarified, and a mega-analysis of steroid outcomes and toxicities has been reported."	2.44	Optimizing drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Kornbluth, A; Swaminath, A, 2007)
"Although cases of Crohn's disease presenting as ascites have occasionally been described, the appearance of ascites during follow-up, with no relationship with other complications of the disease, such as thrombosis of the suprahepatic veins, has not been previously described."	2.41	[Crohn's disease and ascites]. ( Aparicio Tormo, JR; Gómez Andrés, A; Laveda, R, 2000)
" Oral controlled-release budesonide has demonstrated comparable efficacy to prednisolone with less risk for adverse effects, although many questions remain regarding the long-term use of this agent."	2.41	Conventional treatment of Crohn's disease: objectives and outcomes. ( Rutgeerts, PJ, 2001)
"The HLA was B 51."	2.41	[Behçet's disease associated with Crohn's disease]. ( Ben Ammar, A; Ben Dahmen, F; Ben Ghorbel, I; Chouaib, S; Houman, H; Kchir, N; Lamloum, M; Miled, M, 2001)
"Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are observed mostly as a side effect of therapy, particularly with use of immunosuppressive drugs."	2.40	Inflammatory bowel disease and immune thrombocytopenic purpura: is there a correlation? ( Ammirati, M; Gruenstein, S; Kim, P; Korelitz, BI; Lipsey, L; Schwarz, S; Wisch, N; Zlatanic, J, 1997)
"The medical management of Crohn's disease has changed in recent years, but the mainstay of treatment is still prednisone."	2.40	[Drug treatment of Crohn's disease]. ( Tytgat, GN; van Deventer, SJ, 1998)
"We describe a patient with cutaneous Crohn's disease with extensive cutaneous ulcerations preceding the diagnosis of gastrointestinal Crohn's."	2.40	Metastatic Crohn's disease: remission induced by mesalamine and prednisone. ( Elston, LC; Gilson, MR; Pruitt, CA, 1999)
"Miliary Crohn's disease might be a different disease because (a) miliary tubercles are seen so rarely on the serosal surface of the bowel, (b) the 100% chance of finding crowded, typical granulomas in the bowel wall, and (c) the anatomic distribution of the lesion."	2.38	Miliary Crohn's disease: early or different? ( Eshchar, J; Kaufman, S; Marcus, EL; Reif, R; Scapa, E; Vinograd, I, 1993)
"Concurrent orbital pseudotumor and Crohn's disease, although rare, have been described."	2.38	Acute dacryoadenitis and Crohn's disease: findings and management. ( Cartwright, MJ; Dutt, S; Nelson, CC, 1992)
"Metastatic Crohn's disease is an unusual granulomatous inflammation of the skin that is noncontiguous to the gastrointestinal tract."	2.38	Metastatic Crohn's disease. Case report and review of the literature. ( Guenther, L; Shum, DT, 1990)
"Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic intestinal disorders with diverse presentations that must be familiar to pediatricians."	2.37	Inflammatory bowel disease in children. ( Kirschner, BS, 1988)
"Crohn's disease is a perplexing disease with a high rate of morbidity and complications."	2.35	The protean manifestations of Crohn's disease. ( Farmer, RG, 1975)
" The attributes included efficacy and withdrawals due to adverse events, as well as dosing and other rare risks of treatment."	1.56	Patient preferences for maintenance therapy in Crohn's disease: A discrete-choice experiment. ( Bombardier, C; Deardon, R; Hazlewood, GS; Kaplan, GG; Ma, C; Marshall, DA; Panaccione, R; Pokharel, G; Seow, CH; Tomlinson, G, 2020)
"Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that compromise quality of life and may increase mortality."	1.48	Increased Mortality Rates With Prolonged Corticosteroid Therapy When Compared With Antitumor Necrosis Factor-α-Directed Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Bewtra, M; Brensinger, CM; Chen, L; Curtis, JR; Lewis, JD; Mamtani, R; Osterman, MT; Roy, JA; Scott, FI; Xie, F; Yun, H, 2018)
"More than half of patients with Crohn's disease [CD] develop disease complications requiring aggressive medical therapy or surgery over time."	1.46	Candidate Serum Markers in Early Crohn's Disease: Predictors of Disease Course. ( Drylewicz, J; Groenen, MJM; Horjus Talabur Horje, CS; Nierkens, S; Smids, C; van Lochem, EG; Wahab, PJ, 2017)
"In case of symptoms recurrence during tapering, 14% re-increase the dose and try tapering again."	1.46	The use of oral corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel diseases in Italy: An IG-IBD survey. ( Fascì-Spurio, F; Meucci, G; Papi, C; Saibeni, S, 2017)
"Prednisone use was associated with higher mortality [HR = 3."	1.46	Five-year Safety Data From ENCORE, a European Observational Safety Registry for Adults With Crohn's Disease Treated With Infliximab [Remicade®] or Conventional Therapy. ( Boice, J; Colombel, JF; Cornillie, F; D'Haens, G; Ghosh, S; Hommes, DW; Huang, Z; Huyck, S; Lindgren, S; Panes, J; Prantera, C; Reinisch, W, 2017)
"Oral prednisone was stopped and tacrolimus was decreased, without any cutaneous or digestive relapse."	1.43	Certolizumab pegol - A new therapeutic option for refractory disseminated pyoderma gangrenosum associated with Crohn's disease. ( Allez, M; Bagot, M; Baudry, C; Hurabielle, C; Schneider, P; Viguier, M, 2016)
" Clinical outcomes of induction and maintenance therapy with infliximab, predictors of response, and adverse events were evaluated."	1.43	Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab Therapy and Predictors of Response in Korean Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Nationwide, Multicenter Study. ( Cha, JM; Chang, SK; Cho, YK; Choi, CH; Han, DS; Im, JP; Jang, BI; Jeen, YT; Jeon, SR; Jeon, TJ; Jung, SA; Kim, ES; Kim, HJ; Kim, HS; Kim, JH; Kim, JS; Kim, JW; Kim, N; Kim, TO; Kim, WH; Kim, YH; Kim, YS; Koo, JS; Lee, BI; Lee, CK; Lee, KM; Lee, SY; Park, DI; Park, SJ; Park, YS; Shin, SJ; Song, HJ; Song, ID; Yang, SK; Ye, BD, 2016)
"Esophageal Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging and often a disabling phenotype of disease."	1.42	Crohn's Disease of the Esophagus: Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes in the Biologic Era. ( De Felice, KM; Katzka, DA; Raffals, LE, 2015)
"We describe a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and a history of Crohn's disease who was treated with sunitinib and developed a severe exacerbation of Crohn's disease."	1.40	Severe exacerbation of Crohn's disease during sunitinib treatment. ( Boers-Sonderen, MJ; Hoentjen, F; Jacobs, JF; Mulder, SF; Nagtegaal, ID; van Herpen, CM; Wanten, GJ, 2014)
"Sera of 110 CD patients, 82 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 150 healthy controls were collected and the presence of antibodies against the mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA was assayed using ELISA."	1.40	Effect of inflammatory bowel disease therapies on immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis proteins. ( Bach, H; Bressler, B; Grist, J; Silverberg, MS; Stempak, JM; Xia, A, 2014)
"Persons with ulcerative colitis, males, and diagnosis before age 25 were more likely to use corticosteroids and have higher cumulative exposure."	1.40	Prevalence of and outcomes associated with corticosteroid prescription in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bernstein, CN; Nugent, Z; Singh, H; Targownik, LE, 2014)
"Prednisone at 60 mg/day was started and tapered."	1.40	Role of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor in granulomatous interstitial nephritis secondary to Crohn's disease. ( Abraham, P; Sagar, V; Saha, MK; Tarek, H, 2014)
"Crohn's disease is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting both children and adults."	1.39	Extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of severe, refractory steroid dependent pediatric Crohn's Disease. ( Bertolone, S; Cheerva, A; Dillard, R, 2013)
"Predictive factors for a mild course of Crohn's disease (CD) may have therapeutic consequences, but as yet have not been identified."	1.39	Predictive factors for an uncomplicated long-term course of Crohn's disease: a retrospective analysis. ( Bokemeyer, B; Ceplis-Kastner, S; Franke, GR; Katalinic, A; Klugmann, T; Kruis, W; Leifeld, L; Reimers, B; Weismüller, J, 2013)
" A favourable outcome was gradually achieved after increasing the dosage of corticosteroids."	1.39	[Infliximab-induced hepatitis during treatment of vulvar Crohn's disease]. ( Bouquin, R; Caussé, S; Dréno, B; Flamant, M; Joubert, M; Quéreux, G; Wylomanski, S, 2013)
"We herein report a patient with erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis (EI/NV) associated with Crohn's disease (CD), which is considered to be a rare type of metastatic CD."	1.38	Erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis) associated with Crohn's disease: a rare type of metastatic Crohn's disease. ( Misago, N; Narisawa, Y, 2012)
"Children with Crohn disease have altered growth and body composition."	1.37	Corticosteroids increase protein breakdown and loss in newly diagnosed pediatric Crohn disease. ( Denne, SC; Noe, JD; Steiner, SJ, 2011)
"Its association with Crohn's disease (CD) is unusual and it appears mainly in association with colonic involvement."	1.36	Crohn's disease and Sweet's syndrome: an uncommon association. ( Benlloch-Pérez, S; Bixquert-Jiménez, M; Catalán-Serra, I; Durbán-Serrano, L; Escudero-Sanchis, A; Ferrando-Marco, J; Gil-Borrás, R; Gonzalvo-Sorribes, JM; Herrera-García, L; Hontangas-Pla, V; Martín-Moraleda, L; Navarro-López, L; Pont-Sanjuán, V, 2010)
"Sweet syndrome is a reactive, sterile, pustular dermatosis that occurs in association with infection, malignancy, or connective tissue disease or in response to the use of certain medications."	1.35	Sweet syndrome as a manifestation of azathioprine hypersensitivity. ( Brunner, KL; El-Azhary, RA; Gibson, LE, 2008)
"Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease such as erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum are well recognized and appreciated."	1.35	Clinical spectrum of vulva metastatic Crohn's disease. ( Buchman, AL; Collyer, J; Leu, S; Mirowski, GW; Schlosser, B; Smidt, A; Stika, CS; Sun, PK; Vanagunas, A, 2009)
"We sought to determine whether treatment with steroids, immunosuppressives (ISs), and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents is associated with an increased risk of adverse events in patients with Crohn's disease (CD)."	1.35	Adverse events associated with common therapy regimens for moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. ( Arrighi, HM; Hass, S; Marehbian, J; Sandborn, WJ; Tian, H, 2009)
"Vulvar involvement in Crohn's disease is uncommon."	1.34	[Crohn's disease affecting only vulvoperineal area]. ( Arnaud, L; Bletry, O; Girszyn, N; Kahn, JE; Leport, J; Piette, AM, 2007)
"Although infrequent, metastatic Crohn's disease should be suspected in cases of recalcitrant ulcerative conditions, even in the absence of intestinal disease."	1.33	Metastatic Crohn's disease mimicking genital pyoderma gangrenosum in an HIV patient. ( Avilés-Izquierdo, JA; Lázaro-Ochaita, P; Longo-Imedio, I; Suárez-Fernández, R, 2005)
" She had received several bouts of steroids and had been in clinical remission for 12 weeks under a dosage of 40 mg/d prednisone."	1.33	[Recurrent aseptic osteonecrosis in Crohn's disease - extraintestinal manifestation or steroid related complication?]. ( Dienes, HP; Kruis, W; Lanyi, B, 2005)
"Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by sharply demarcated segments of gastrointestinal involvement from mouth to anus."	1.33	Perianal Crohn disease. ( Asma, SD; Kahena, J; Nejib, D; Raouf, DM; Soumaya, Y, 2006)
"Prednisone dosage was reduced from a mean of 19."	1.32	Immunomodulators and "on demand" therapy with infliximab in Crohn's disease: clinical experience with 400 infusions. ( France, R; Kinney, T; Kozarek, R; Patterson, D; Rawlins, M, 2003)
"In patients with active Crohn's disease, abundant M-DC8(+) cells were detectable in inflamed ileal mucosa, which were entirely depleted after systemic steroid treatment."	1.32	A subset of human dendritic cells in the T cell area of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with a high potential to produce TNF-alpha. ( Baeuerle, PA; Baretton, G; de Baey, A; Diepolder, HM; Greiner, A; Hartl, WH; Mende, I, 2003)
"Treatment with prednisone resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio."	1.32	The mechanisms of prednisone inhibition of inflammation in Crohn's disease involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal TNFalpha production and nuclear factor kappa B expression. ( Bitton, A; Thomson, AB; Waschke, KA; Wild, GE, 2003)
"Azathioprine has demonstrable benefits after induction therapy with prednisone."	1.32	Clinical features and management of Crohn's disease in Chinese patients. ( Chu, XQ; Jia, LM; Shi, XH; Wang, FM; Zheng, JJ, 2004)
"A retrospective cohort analysis of clinical data regarding adverse events of azathioprine in Crohn's disease."	1.32	Side effects of azathioprine in patients with Crohn's disease. ( de Jong, DJ; Goullet, M; Naber, TH, 2004)
"A 48 year old patient with active Crohn's disease presented with bilateral nodules over his lungs resembling malignant metastasis."	1.32	Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunosuppressed patient with Crohn's disease. ( Majoor, CJ; Schreurs, AJ; Weers-Pothoff, G, 2004)
"We report a case of Crohn's disease affecting penile and scrotal skin."	1.32	Metastatic crohn's disease--penile and scrotal involvement. ( Berenguer, J; Del Valle, E; Hernández, C; Jara, J; Martínez-Salamanca, JI; Miralles, P, 2004)
"Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation."	1.31	Effect of steroids on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in women with Crohn's disease. ( Al-Jaouni, R; Hébuterne, X; Piche, T; Rampal, P; Schneider, SM, 2002)
"Treatment with metronidazole (250 mg three times a day), prednisone (0."	1.31	Perianal Crohn's disease. ( Caglio, P; Caminero, M; Marini, M; Morales, MS, 2000)
"A case of Sweet's syndrome in association with Crohn's disease in a young woman is reported."	1.31	Sweet's syndrome in association with Crohn's disease. ( Kalish, RA; Kramer, K; Vaz, A, 2000)
"Oral budesonide in adult studies is a potent corticosteroid with decreased systemic bioavailability and an improved adverse effect profile in comparison with prednisone."	1.31	Benign intracranial hypertension associated with budesonide treatment in children with Crohn's disease. ( Ballin, A; Bujanover, Y; Hager, H; Lerman-Sagie, T; Levine, A; Watemberg, N, 2001)
"Pathology revealed Crohn's disease, multiple nodules of Kaposi's sarcoma, and cytomegalic inclusion bodies with confirmation of cytomegalovirus by shell vial immunofluorescence."	1.31	Kaposi's sarcoma and cytomegaloviral ileocolitis complicating long-standing Crohn's disease in an HIV-negative patient. ( Cohen, RL; Katz, S; Tepper, RE; Urmacher, C, 2001)
"Esophageal involvement by Crohn's disease should be suspected in any patient previously diagnosed with this disease who presents symptoms suggestive of esophagitis, using endoscopy with multiples biopsies of the affected areas and other of normal endoscopic appearance for diagnosis."	1.30	[Esophageal Crohn's disease]. ( Aparicio Tormo, JR; Casellas Valdé, JA; Martínez Sempere, JF; Moya García, MI; Palazón Azorín, JM; Trigueros Mateos, M, 1997)
"The Sweet syndrome or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a well characterized cutaneous disease from a clinical and histological point of view and is frequently associated with systemic diseases."	1.30	[A case of Sweet's syndrome associated with Crohn's disease]. ( Antón Conejero, MD; Ballester Fayos, J; González Martínez, MA; Gonzálvez Perales, JL; Jiménez Martínez, A; Moreno Osset, E; Rodríguez Gil, FJ; Tamarit Ortí, R, 1997)
"Current available therapies for Crohn's disease in Japan are reviewed in this report."	1.30	[Current medical therapies for Crohn's disease in Japan]. ( Haga, Y; Munakata, A, 1997)
"A patient had Crohn's disease in relapse with multiple small bowel fistulae and mesenteric abscesses."	1.30	Relative sensitivity of Tc-99m WBC versus In-111 WBC in a patient with Crohn's disease on steroids. ( Broekelschen, P; Challa, S; Lyons, KP; Milne, N, 1997)
" Three patients were treated with intravenous acyclovir with concomitant reduction of steroid dosage and recovered completely."	1.30	Management of varicella infection during the course of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Balasubramanian, S; Giannadaki, E; Greenstein, AJ; Manousos, ON; Mouzas, IA; Sachar, DB, 1997)
"A patient with refractory Crohn's disease had two separate episodes of bone marrow suppression while receiving 50 to 75 mg 6-mercaptopurine a day and 1000 to 1750 mg olsalazine a day."	1.30	Olsalazine and 6-mercaptopurine-related bone marrow suppression: a possible drug-drug interaction. ( Benin, A; Lennard, L; Lewis, LD; Nierenberg, DW; Otterness, DM; Szumlanski, CL; Weinshilboum, RM, 1997)
"In conclusion, prednisone treatment in Crohn disease patients stimulates food intake, promoting an overall positive energy balance despite large fecal nutrient losses."	1.30	Twenty-four-hour energy balance in Crohn disease patients: metabolic implications of steroid treatment. ( Benedetti, G; Capristo, E; De Gaetano, A; Gasbarrini, G; Greco, AV; Mingrone, G; Tataranni, PA, 1998)
"Two patients with Crohn's disease who had hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and excessively high serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] are described."	1.30	Hypercalcemia due to endogenous overproduction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in Crohn's disease. ( Bosch, X, 1998)
"Although intraoral involvement in Crohn's disease (CD) is observed in only approximately 9% of cases, oral inflammation precedes intestinal symptoms of CD in about 60% of these patients."	1.30	Crohn's disease masquerading as aphthous ulcers. ( Jurecka, W; Püspök, A; Rehberger, A; Stallmeister, T; Wolf, K, 1998)
"Treatment with hydroxyurea was effective in lowering the thrombocyte count."	1.30	[Clinical decision making in family practice. A patient with abdominal pain and chills]. ( de Meijer, PH; Meinders, AE; Schippers, EF, 1998)
"In this study 7 patients with severe ulcerative colitis and 4 patients with active Crohn's disease unresponsive to prednisone were treated with high dose intravenous cyclosporine."	1.30	[Cyclosporin A therapy in steroid-refractory patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. ( Dejaco, C; Gangl, A; Gasché, C; Moser, G; Novacek, G; Reinisch, W; Tillinger, W; Vogelsang, H, 1998)
"Diagnosis of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss was established."	1.30	Acute autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss associated with Crohn's disease. ( Bachmeyer, C; Cadranel, JF; Coutarel, P; Dhôte, R; Laurette, F; Leclerc-Landgraf, N; Médioni, J; Mougeot-Martin, M, 1998)
"We treated two patients with Crohn's disease and one patient with ulcerative colitis who developed headache, papilledema, and intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) during corticosteroid withdrawal."	1.29	Pseudotumor cerebri associated with corticosteroid withdrawal in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bienfang, DC; Kay, MD; Liu, GT; Schatz, NJ, 1994)
"Of 12 patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), 4 patients were without treatment, 4 were on prednisone and 4 on mesalazine."	1.29	Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. ( Agostini, D; Boirivant, M; Corsi, A; D'Ambrosio, C; Letizia, C; Pallone, F; Scavo, D, 1993)
"The case of a 25-yr-old female with Crohn's disease who developed recurrent erythematous nodules on her lower extremities is described."	1.29	Metastatic Crohn's disease. ( Marotta, PJ; Reynolds, RP, 1996)
" Clinicians should not fear using high dose ACTH/corticosteroids to treat severe Crohn's disease with an abdominal mass, if indicated, as it is both safe and effective whether an abscess cavity is present or not."	1.28	The safety of corticosteroid therapy in Crohn's disease with an abdominal mass. ( Adler, DJ; Felder, JB; Korelitz, BI, 1991)
"6-mercaptopurine is an effective long-term therapy for adolescents with intractable Crohn's disease."	1.28	Long-term 6-mercaptopurine treatment in adolescents with Crohn's disease. ( Aiges, H; Daum, F; Grancher, K; Markowitz, J; Rosa, J, 1990)
"Patients with colitis or ileocolitis were more likely to suffer from ocular inflammation (23."	1.28	Ocular inflammation in Crohn's disease. ( Murray, AD; Salmon, JF; Wright, JP, 1991)
"A total of 25 patients with Crohn's disease and 10 healthy controls was studied."	1.28	A limiting-dilution analysis of activated circulating B cells in Crohn's disease. ( Boirivant, M; Fais, S; Famularo, G; Pallone, F; Pugliese, O; Quintieri, F, 1990)
"The age at onset of Crohn's disease was highly correlated with the age at onset of affective disorder (r = ."	1.28	Bipolar disorder and Crohn's disease. ( DePaulo, JR; Holroyd, S, 1990)
" Prednisone dosage decreased from 21."	1.28	Methotrexate induces clinical and histologic remission in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease. ( Ball, TJ; Botoman, VA; Gelfand, MD; Kozarek, RA; Patterson, DJ; Wilske, KR, 1989)
"A patient had cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa associated with Crohn's disease."	1.27	Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. Report of a case associated with Crohn's disease. ( Goslen, JB; Graham, W; Lazarus, GS, 1983)
"L forms were recovered from 24 of 71 Crohn's disease, 51 of 121 ulcerative colitis, and 2 of 140 control biopsy specimens."	1.27	Bacterial L-form isolation from inflammatory bowel disease patients. ( Belsheim, MR; Darwish, RZ; Schieven, B; Watson, WC, 1983)
"Improvement in Crohn's disease after drug therapy was evaluated in 38 patients with evidence of rectal disease at sigmoidoscopy in whom the rectum later appeared normal."	1.27	Response to drug therapy in Crohn's disease: evaluation by rectal biopsy and mucosal cell counts. ( Korelitz, BI; Sommers, SC, 1984)
"Lipid A is a component common to endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria."	1.27	Circulating lipid A antibodies despite absence of systemic endotoxemia in patients with Crohn's disease. ( Eisenburg, J; Galanos, C; Kruis, W; Schussler, P; Weinzierl, M, 1984)
"Seven patients have had no recurrence of obstruction after an average follow-up of 52 months."	1.27	Prognosis for nonoperative management of small-bowel obstruction in Crohn's disease. ( Korelitz, BI; Yaffe, BH, 1983)
"All patients had ileocolitis or pancolitis."	1.27	Metronidazole therapy for Crohn's disease and associated fistulae. ( Jakobovits, J; Schuster, MM, 1984)
"The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of prednisolone after doses of oral prednisone and intravenous prednisolone were determined in seven patients receiving corticosteroids for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in active disease and remission."	1.27	Effect of inflammatory bowel disease on absorption and disposition of prednisolone. ( George, DE; Jusko, WJ; Lebenthal, E; Milsap, RL; Murray, KA; Szefler, SJ, 1983)
"The fourth reported patient with acute pancreatitis associated with Crohn's disease of the duodenum is presented and the clinical features compared with previously described cases."	1.27	Pancreatitis associated with duodenal Crohn's disease. ( Altman, HS; Bank, S; Klotz, H; Phillips, G, 1983)
"One patient had ulcerative colitis, while two patients had Crohn's disease."	1.27	Pleuropericarditis: an extraintestinal complication of inflammatory bowel disease. Report of three cases and review of literature. ( Brewster, AC; Darrah, JJ; Heilpern, RJ; Patwardhan, RV, 1983)
"A 22-year-old man with Crohn's disease of the colon and ileum underwent colonoscopy."	1.27	Hepatic portal venous gas after colonoscopy in granulomatous colitis. ( Huycke, A; Moeller, DD, 1985)
"93 children and adolescents with Crohn's disease have been studied."	1.27	[Crohn's disease in children and adolescents]. ( Bensoussan, A; Chouraqui, JP; Le Luyer, B; Morin, CL; Roy, CC; Weber, A, 1985)
"Prednisone treatment can sometimes reverse this condition when combined with parenteral nutrition."	1.27	[Acute manifestations in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Conservative treatment of acute situations]. ( Goebell, H, 1988)
"Although systemic vasculitis is a prominent part of the extraintestinal complications of Crohn's disease, the association of a retinal vasculitis with this chronic granulomatous disease of the gastrointestinal system is rare."	1.27	Retinal vasculitis in Crohn's disease. ( Brooks, L; Brown, GC; Duker, JS, 1987)
"All patients had ileal strictures with ileocolitis, bone ages less than 13, Tanner stages 1 or 2, and growth velocities below the 3rd percentile for age."	1.27	Influence of preoperative parenteral alimentation on postoperative growth in adolescent Crohn's disease. ( Kim, S; Lake, AM; Mathis, RK; Walker, WA, 1985)
"The majority of patients with duodenal Crohn's disease can be treated nonoperatively, with resolution of symptoms and roentgenographic healing of lesions."	1.26	Management of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum, including duodenal cutaneous fistula. ( Eliasoph, J; Fitzgibbons, TJ; Green, G; Halls, JM; Silberman, H; Yellin, AE, 1980)
"Etiology and pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, the incidence of which seems to be increasing lately, are still unknown."	1.26	[Clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)]. ( Classen, M; Leuschner, U; Strohm, WD, 1982)
"In children three forms of Crohn's disease requiring operation have been identified."	1.26	Inflammatory bowel disease in childhood. ( Fonkalsrud, EW, 1981)
"The therapy of Crohn's disease in adolescence must balance the natural disease history of growth suppression, debilitation, and progression against possible drug-related adverse effects on growth and development."	1.26	Medical management of Crohn's disease in adolescence. ( Barnes, HV; Bayless, TM; Whittington, PF, 1977)
"Ileocolitis was the most (52%) and colitis the least (9%) common form of disease with diffuse small bowel or ileal disease each comprising nearly 20% of the study group."	1.26	Prognosis in children with Crohn's disease. ( Gryboski, JD; Spiro, HM, 1978)
"Recurrent Crohn's disease and that characterized by small bowel obstruction each displayed a characteristic appearance."	1.26	Radiographic findings of the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. ( Caruthers, SB; Goldberg, HI; Nelson, JA; Singleton, JW, 1979)
"The remission period of patients with ulcerative colitis was extended by long term treatment with 2-3 g sulphasalazine daily."	1.26	[Long-term therapy in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. ( Malchow, H, 1979)
"Of 8 patients with Crohn's disease 4 remained unoperated and free of symptoms 22-35 months after the study."	1.26	Assessment of the therapeutic value of an elemental diet in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. ( Axelsson, C; Jarnum, S, 1977)
" tcoherin has proven efficacious by three criteria: As a result of coherin treatment those patients receiving steroids could either eliminate them or reduce the dosage to safe levels."	1.26	Long-term results in the treatment of regional ileitis with coherin. ( Goodman, I; Hiatt, RB, 1977)
"A 58-year-old white female who had regional enteritis for many years insidiously developed scleroderma."	1.26	Systemic sclerosis and regional enteritis occurring simultaneously. ( Shaps, RS; Stoopler, M, 1976)
"Crohn's disease (regional enteritis) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory intestinal disorder of unknown etiology."	1.25	[Morbus Crohn (enteritis regionalis)]. ( Phillip, J, 1975)
"Inactive ulcerative colitis still manifested histologic evidence of acute and chronic inflammation, while sigmoidoscopically normal granulomatous colitis biopsies after previous gross rectal disease showed significantly increased macrophages in the lamina propria."	1.25	Mucosal-cell counts in ulcerative and granulomatous colitis. ( Korelitz, BI; Sommers, SC, 1975)
"Patients with proctocolitis and Crohn's disease who were not receiving sulphasalazine had a similar flora which did not differ in any way from the normal."	1.25	Effects of sulphasalazine (Salazopyrin) on faecal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Hill, MJ; Lendrum, R; Walker, G; West, B, 1974)
"Amongst 300 patients with Crohn's disease followed between 1944 and 1968, corticosteroids or corticotrophin was given to 124 patients, to 87 of them for more than 12 months."	1.25	Corticosteroid or corticotrophin therapy in Crohn's disease (regional enteritis). ( Cooke, WT; Fielding, JF, 1970)
"Thirty-nine patients with Crohn's disease and 17 normal people were tested for hypersensitivity to sarcoid and normal spleen suspensions using the leucocyte migration test."	1.25	Leucocyte migration studies with spleen preparations in Crohn's disease. ( Gough, KR; Richens, ER; Williams, MJ, 1973)
"A total of 52 patients with Crohn's disease, 20 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 46 control patients with benign gastrointestinal disease were investigated."	1.25	The immune competence of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bolton, PM; Hughes, LE; James, SL; Newcombe, RG; Whitehead, RH, 1974)

Research

Studies (418)

Authors

Clinical Trials (12)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline in CDEIS at 48 Weeks After Randomization

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	166 (39.71)	18.7374
1990's	79 (18.90)	18.2507
2000's	81 (19.38)	29.6817
2010's	75 (17.94)	24.3611
2020's	17 (4.07)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Mertz, P	1
Lannes, B	1
Nadaj Pakleza, A	1
Meyer, A	1
Guffroy, A	1
Hazlewood, GS	1
Pokharel, G	1
Deardon, R	1
Marshall, DA	1
Bombardier, C	1
Tomlinson, G	1
Ma, C	2
Seow, CH	1
Panaccione, R	4
Kaplan, GG	1
Samarani, S	1
Sagala, P	1
Jantchou, P	1
Grimard, G	1
Faure, C	1
Deslandres, C	4
Amre, DK	2
Ahmad, A	1
Ungaro, RC	1
Yzet, C	1
Bossuyt, P	2
Baert, FJ	1
Vanasek, T	2
D'Haens, GR	1
Joustra, VW	1
Novacek, G	3
Reinisch, W	5
Armuzzi, A	2
Golovchenko, O	1
Prymak, O	1
Goldis, A	1
Travis, SP	1
Hébuterne, X	3
Ferrante, M	1
Rogler, G	2
Fumery, M	1
Danese, S	2
Rydzewska, G	1
Pariente, B	1
Hertervig, E	1
Stanciu, C	1
Serrero, M	1
Diculescu, M	1
Peyrin-Biroulet, L	1
Laharie, D	2
Wright, JP	2
Gomollón, F	1
Gubonina, I	1
Schreiber, S	2
Motoya, S	1
Hellström, PM	1
Halfvarson, J	1
Butler, JW	1
Petersson, J	2
Petralia, F	1
Colombel, JF	4
Hardy, AJ	1
Stoica, I	1
Kearney, DE	1
O'Riordain, DS	1
Rodgers, CD	1
Gul, MI	1
Sethi, R	1
Statler, B	1
Srivastava, SK	1
Singh, RP	1
Wolfe, A	1
Lee, TJ	1
Gillespie, CT	1
Rao, S	1
Walter, JM	1
Durgin, JS	1
Rodriguez, O	1
Sollecito, T	1
Tanaka, T	1
English, JC	1
Shields, BE	1
Rosenbach, M	1
Vechi, HT	1
Maia, LR	1
Alves, MDM	1
Rodrigues-Neto, JF	1
Brinkman, TK	1
Hubers, AAM	1
van der Veek, PPJ	1
Scholten, EM	1
Gelinck, LBS	1
Cohen-Mekelburg, S	1
Wallace, BI	1
Van, T	1
Wiitala, WL	1
Govani, SM	1
Burns, J	1
Lipson, R	1
Yun, H	2
Hou, J	1
Lewis, JD	2
Dominitz, JA	1
Waljee, AK	1
Inomata, Y	1
Kuroha, M	1
Handa, T	1
Shimoyama, Y	1
Moroi, R	1
Shiga, H	1
Kakuta, Y	1
Ichikawa, S	1
Fukuhara, N	1
Sato, Y	1
Takahashi, T	1
Masamune, A	1
Sheehan, JL	1
Brandler, J	1
Rice, MD	1
Hutto, SK	1
Maher, MD	1
Miloslavsky, EM	1
Venna, N	1
Kayal, M	1
Bhagya Rao, B	1
Bhattacharya, A	1
Ungaro, R	1
Smids, C	1
Horjus Talabur Horje, CS	1
Nierkens, S	1
Drylewicz, J	1
Groenen, MJM	1
Wahab, PJ	1
van Lochem, EG	1
Kwapisz, L	1
Jairath, V	1
Khanna, R	1
Feagan, B	1
Fascì-Spurio, F	1
Meucci, G	1
Papi, C	1
Saibeni, S	1
Lukas, M	1
Baert, F	1
Danalioglu, A	1
Travis, S	1
Sandborn, WJ	6
Rutgeerts, P	1
Hommes, D	1
Neimark, E	1
Huang, B	1
Zhou, Q	1
Mendez, P	1
Wallace, K	1
Robinson, AM	1
Thakkar, RB	1
D'Haens, G	2
Windon, AL	1
Shroff, SG	1
Ranasinghe, GC	1
Friedman, AJ	1
Scott, FI	1
Brensinger, CM	1
Roy, JA	1
Osterman, MT	1
Mamtani, R	1
Bewtra, M	1
Chen, L	1
Xie, F	1
Curtis, JR	1
Targownik, LE	2
Benchimol, EI	1
Bernstein, CN	3
Singh, H	2
Lix, L	1
Tennakoon, A	1
Leung, S	1
Aviña, A	1
Coward, S	1
Jones, J	1
Kaplan, G	1
Murthy, SK	1
Nguyen, GC	1
Peña-Sánchez, JN	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Ford, B	1
Sekar, P	1
Liu, A	1
Li, Y	1
Yang, H	1
Lv, H	1
Qian, J	1
Clarkston, K	1
Tsai, YT	1
Jackson, K	1
Rosen, MJ	1
Denson, LA	1
Minar, P	1
Sato, K	1
Suga, T	1
Hirayama, A	1
Daikuhara, S	1
Uehara, T	1
Tanaka, E	1
Verma, S	1
Kroeker, KI	1
Fedorak, RN	7
Cheerva, A	1
Dillard, R	1
Bertolone, S	1
Walters, B	1
Abou Zahr, A	1
Saad Aldin, E	1
Yunyongying, P	1
Vricella, GJ	1
Coplen, DE	1
Austin, PF	1
White, FV	1
Boers-Sonderen, MJ	1
Mulder, SF	1
Nagtegaal, ID	1
Jacobs, JF	1
Wanten, GJ	1
Hoentjen, F	1
van Herpen, CM	1
Dinneen, HS	1
Samiullah, S	1
Lenza, C	1
Kollepara, SS	1
Chisti, MM	1
Shatavi, SV	1
Jaiyesimi, IA	1
Xia, A	1
Stempak, JM	1
Grist, J	1
Bressler, B	1
Silverberg, MS	1
Bach, H	1
Feagan, BG	8
McDonald, JW	6
Enns, RA	1
Ponich, TP	1
Bourdages, R	1
Macintosh, DG	1
Dallaire, C	1
Cohen, A	1
Paré, P	1
Bitton, A	2
Saibil, F	3
Anderson, F	2
Donner, A	1
Wong, CJ	2
Zou, G	1
Vandervoort, MK	1
Hopkins, M	2
Greenberg, GR	3
Clark, JG	1
Srinath, AI	1
Youk, AO	1
Kirshner, MA	1
McCarthy, FN	1
Keljo, DJ	1
Bousvaros, A	2
DeMaso, DR	1
Szigethy, EM	1
Levine, A	4
Turner, D	1
Pfeffer Gik, T	1
Amil Dias, J	1
Veres, G	1
Shaoul, R	2
Staiano, A	1
Escher, J	1
Kolho, KL	1
Paerregaard, A	1
Martin de Carpi, J	1
Veereman Wauters, G	1
Koletzko, S	1
Shevah, O	1
Finnby, L	1
Sladek, M	1
Cudmore, J	1
Seftel, M	1
Sisler, J	1
Zarychanski, R	1
Aslam, A	1
Chalmers, R	1
Nugent, Z	1
Wang, Y	1
Tsoulis, DJ	2
MacDonald, JK	4
Tang, S	1
Wu, XP	1
You, JY	1
Fan, R	1
Zhong, J	1
Wang, ZT	1
Li, SY	1
Zhou, J	1
Tang, YH	1
Hurabielle, C	1
Schneider, P	1
Baudry, C	1
Bagot, M	1
Allez, M	1
Viguier, M	1
Andrade, P	1
Lopes, S	1
Rodrigues, S	1
Osório, F	1
Lopes, J	1
Macedo, G	1
De Felice, KM	1
Katzka, DA	1
Raffals, LE	1
Kindle, SA	1
Camilleri, MJ	1
Gibson, LE	2
Davis, MD	1
Schlak, A	1
Greenfield, K	1
Crewe, S	1
Lee, CC	1
Rezik, MM	1
Ouellette, DR	1
Patton, PH	1
Parker, CE	2
Chande, N	2
Choi, CH	1
Song, ID	1
Kim, YH	1
Koo, JS	1
Kim, YS	1
Kim, JS	1
Kim, N	1
Kim, ES	1
Kim, JH	2
Kim, JW	1
Kim, TO	1
Kim, HS	1
Kim, HJ	1
Park, YS	1
Park, DI	1
Park, SJ	1
Song, HJ	1
Shin, SJ	1
Yang, SK	2
Ye, BD	2
Lee, KM	1
Lee, BI	1
Lee, SY	1
Lee, CK	1
Im, JP	1
Jang, BI	1
Jeon, TJ	1
Cho, YK	1
Chang, SK	1
Jeon, SR	1
Jung, SA	1
Jeen, YT	1
Cha, JM	1
Han, DS	1
Kim, WH	1
Townsend, CM	1
Jeuring, SF	1
van den Heuvel, TR	1
Liu, LY	1
Zeegers, MP	1
Hameeteman, WH	1
Romberg-Camps, MJ	1
Oostenbrug, LE	1
Masclee, AA	1
Jonkers, DM	1
Pierik, MJ	1
Brady, MT	1
Patts, GJ	1
Rosen, A	1
Kasotakis, G	1
Siracuse, JJ	1
Sachs, T	1
Kuhnen, A	1
Kunitake, H	1
Panes, J	1
Ghosh, S	1
Prantera, C	2
Lindgren, S	1
Hommes, DW	1
Huang, Z	1
Boice, J	1
Huyck, S	1
Cornillie, F	1
Nakayuenyongsuk, W	1
Christofferson, M	1
Nguyen, K	1
Burgis, J	1
Park, KT	1
El-Azhary, RA	1
Brunner, KL	1
Teshima, C	1
Kappen, JH	1
Mensink, PB	1
Lesterhuis, W	1
Lachman, S	1
van Daele, PL	1
van Hagen, PM	1
van Laar, JA	1
Leu, S	1
Sun, PK	1
Collyer, J	1
Smidt, A	1
Stika, CS	1
Schlosser, B	1
Mirowski, GW	1
Vanagunas, A	1
Buchman, AL	2
Marehbian, J	1
Arrighi, HM	1
Hass, S	1
Tian, H	1
Lou, GC	1
Yang, JM	1
Huang, W	1
Zhang, J	1
Zhou, B	1
Samimi, R	1
Flasar, MH	1
Kavic, S	1
Tracy, K	1
Cross, RK	1
James, PD	1
Black, D	1
Kuper, A	1
Catalán-Serra, I	1
Martín-Moraleda, L	1
Navarro-López, L	1
Gil-Borrás, R	1
Pont-Sanjuán, V	1
Ferrando-Marco, J	1
Herrera-García, L	1
Durbán-Serrano, L	1
Hontangas-Pla, V	1
Benlloch-Pérez, S	1
Escudero-Sanchis, A	1
Gonzalvo-Sorribes, JM	1
Bixquert-Jiménez, M	1
Piccin, A	1
Cortelazzo, S	1
Rovigatti, U	1
Bourke, B	1
Smith, OP	1
Krupoves, A	2
Mack, DR	1
Seidman, EG	2
Bucionis, V	1
Molina-Infante, J	1
Perez-Gallardo, B	1
Barros-Garcia, P	1
Canedo, J	1
Lee, SH	1
Pinto, R	1
Murad-Regadas, S	1
Rosen, L	1
Wexner, SD	1
Scharl, M	1
Rajabally, MN	1
Watermeyer, GA	1
Levin, DA	1
Baars, JE	1
Vogelaar, L	1
Wolfhagen, FH	1
Biermann, K	1
Kuipers, EJ	1
van der Woude, CJ	1
Rizzi, M	1
Cottone, M	1
Casa, A	1
Annese, V	1
Sturniolo, GC	1
Marconi, S	1
Lochs, H	1
Felipez, LM	1
Gokhale, R	1
Tierney, MP	1
Kirschner, BS	3
Cordero Ruiz, P	1
Castro Márquez, C	1
Méndez Rufián, V	1
Castro Laria, L	1
Caunedo Álvarez, A	1
Romero Vázquez, J	1
Herrerías Gutiérrez, JM	1
Steiner, SJ	1
Noe, JD	1
Denne, SC	1
Mack, D	2
Seidman, E	1
Amre, D	1
Litsas, G	1
Misago, N	1
Narisawa, Y	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
An Open-Label, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate Two Treatment Algorithms in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease[NCT01235689]	Phase 3	252 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-11	Completed
A Prospective Longitudinal Study on the Effect of Tight Control Management on Perianal Crohn's Disease[NCT03861689]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Enrolling by invitation
A Phase III Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Multi-Centre Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Combination With Methotrexate for the Long-term Treatment of Crohn's Disease (CD)[NCT00132899]	Phase 3	128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
Crohn's Disease European Registry. A Prospective, Observational, Postmarketing Safety Surveillance Registry of Patients Treated With Remicade® or Standard Therapy[NCT00705614]		2,662 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-07-31	Completed
A Prospective Study on the Incidence and Risk Factors Related to Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease[NCT02904590]		1,204 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2016-10-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Tailored Treatment With Infliximab for Active Luminal Crohn's Disease[NCT01442025]	Phase 4	121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of an Enhanced Treatment Algorithm for the Management of Crohn's Disease[NCT01698307]	Phase 4	1,095 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-28	Completed
Pilot Trial With Wormwood to Improve Appetite in Cancer, Autoimmune Diseases, Depression and Old Age[NCT01126931]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2006-02-28	Recruiting
Dexamethasone Versus Methylprednisolone for the Treatment of Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease[NCT00152620]		40 participants	Interventional	2004-06-30	Terminated (stopped due to study completed)
Relevance of Valganciclovir in Recurrent Bouts of Cryptogenic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases With an Infection by Cytomegalovirus[NCT00237653]	Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Terminated (stopped due to difficulty to include patients)
Risk-stratified Randomized Controlled Trial in Paediatric Crohn Disease:Methotrexate vs Azathioprine or Adalimumab for Maintaining Remission in Patients at Low or High Risk for Aggressive Disease Course, respectively-a Treatment Strategy[NCT02852694]	Phase 4	312 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-28	Recruiting
Screening of Nutritional Status and Sarcopenia Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in Assuit University Hospital[NCT05877209]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-06-15	Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon (ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid loop, and rectum). The score ranges from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization

Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Clinically Driven Management	-6.4
Tight Control Management	-7.7

"The FACIT-Fatigue scale is a 13-item self-administered questionnaire that assesses both the physical and functional consequences of fatigue. Each question is answered on a 5-point scale, from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much). The FACIT-Fatigue score ranges from 0 to 52, with higher scores denoting lower levels of fatigue.~A positive change from Baseline score indicates an improvement.~." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization

Change From Baseline in Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ9)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Clinically Driven Management	7.6
Tight Control Management	13.0

The PHQ-9 is a 9-item questionnaire for assessing the severity of depression. Each question is answered on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The total score ranges from 0 to 27, where higher scores indicate more severe depression. A negative change from Baseline score indicates improvement. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization

Change From Baseline in Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) Total Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Clinically Driven Management	-3.6
Tight Control Management	-5.6

The IBDQ measures the effects of inflammatory bowel disease on daily function and quality of life. The IBDQ consists of 32 questions which address symptoms as a result of Crohn's disease, feeling in general, and mood. Each question is answered on a scale from 1 (all of the time) to 7 ( none of the time); the total score ranges from 7 (worst) to 224 (best). A positive change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization

Number of All-cause Hospitalizations After Randomization

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Clinically Driven Management	31.2
Tight Control Management	41.9

Hospitalization was defined as a visit to hospital/clinic resulting in admission and overnight stay in hospital/clinic. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Number of Crohn's Disease-related Hospitalizations After Randomization

Intervention	hospitalizations (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	37
Tight Control Management	25

Any hospitalization with an overnight stay in hospital/clinic related to Crohn's disease. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Number of Crohn's Disease-related Hospitalizations Due to Emergency

Intervention	hospitalizations (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	29
Tight Control Management	14

Hospitalization was defined as a visit to hospital/clinic resulting in admission and overnight stay in hospital/clinic. Hospitalization due to emergency was defined as a hospitalization admitted through the emergency department. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Number of Crohn's Disease-related Surgical Procedures After Randomization

Intervention	emergency hospitalizations (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	11
Tight Control Management	4

The total number of CD-related surgical procedures included major CD-related surgery, debridement, perineal related surgery - abscess drainage, seton placement, fistulotomy, and TPN. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Number of Major Crohn's Disease-related Surgeries After Randomization

Intervention	surgical procedures (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	9
Tight Control Management	7

"Major Crohn's disease-related intra-abdominal surgery included:~bowel resection~ostomy~by-pass~strictureplasty~drainage of abdominal or pelvic abscess (surgical drainage or percutaneous drainage by interventional radiology).~The following were excluded:~debridement~exploration laparotomy~abdominal surgery for other reason~perineal related surgery~abscess drainage~placement of setons~fistulotomy~Total parental nutrition (TPN) use" (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Percentage of Participants in Biologic Remission 48 Weeks After Randomization

Intervention	surgeries (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	3
Tight Control Management	6

"Biologic remission was defined as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) < 5 mg/L, fecal Calprotectin < 250 μg/g, and CDEIS < 4 at 48 weeks after randomization.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after Randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization

Percentage of Participants in Deep Remission 48 Weeks After Randomization

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	15.6
Tight Control Management	29.5

"Deep remission was defined as CDAI < 150, discontinuation from steroids for at least 8 weeks, absence of draining fistula, CDEIS < 4 and no deep ulcerations.~CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI generally ranges from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing data 48 weeks after randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization

Percentage of Participants With Complete Mucosal Healing 48 Weeks After Randomization

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	23.0
Tight Control Management	36.9

"Complete mucosal healing was defined as CDEIS = 0. CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization

Percentage of Participants With Endoscopic Response 48 Weeks After Randomization

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	16.4
Tight Control Management	18.0

"Endoscopic response was defined as a decrease CDEIS > 5 points. CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after Randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization

Percentage of Participants With Mucosal Healing 48 Weeks After Randomization

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	40.2
Tight Control Management	50.8

"Percentage of participants with mucosal healing (defined as a CDEIS < 4) at 48 weeks after randomization (48 weeks after the 1st Key visit). The ileocolonoscopies were evaluated by the site.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after Randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization

Percentage of Participants With Mucosal Healing and CDEIS < 4 in Every Segment 48 Weeks After Randomization

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	30.3
Tight Control Management	45.9

"Percentage of participants with mucosal healing (defined as CDEIS < 4) and CDEIS < 4 in every segment on ileocolonoscopy at 48 weeks after randomization. The ileocolonoscopies were evaluated by the site.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization

Percentage of Participants With Mucosal Healing and No Deep Ulcerations

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	23.8
Tight Control Management	29.5

"Percentage of participants with mucosal healing (defined as Crohn's disease endoscopy Index of severity [CDEIS] < 4) and no deep ulcerations on ileocolonoscopy (defined as the absence of all deep ulcerations in all segments explored in CDEIS) at 48 weeks after randomization (48 weeks after the 1st Key visit). The ileocolonoscopies were evaluated by the site.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon (ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid loop, and rectum). The score ranges from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing data 48 weeks after Randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization

Time to All-cause Hospitalization

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Clinically Driven Management	30.3
Tight Control Management	45.9

Time to Clinical Remission

Intervention	days (Median)
Clinically Driven Management	NA
Tight Control Management	NA

Clinical remission was defined as CDAI < 150. CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI scores generally range from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Time to Crohn's Disease Flare

Intervention	days (Median)
Clinically Driven Management	78
Tight Control Management	43

Time to Crohn's disease flare, where flare is defined as an increase in CDAI ≥ 70 points compared to Week 8 or Early Randomization CDAI, and a CDAI > 220. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization to 48 weeks after Randomization

Time to Crohn's Disease-related Hospitalization Due to Emergency

Intervention	days (Median)
Clinically Driven Management	NA
Tight Control Management	NA

Time to Crohn's Disease-related Hospitalization or Hospitalization Due to Adverse Event Relating to Study Medication

Intervention	days (Median)
Clinically Driven Management	NA
Tight Control Management	NA

Crohn's disease-related hospitalization was defined as a visit to hospital/clinic resulting in admission and overnight stay in hospital/clinic for reasons related to Crohn's disease (CD). Hospitalization for adverse events relating to study medication, i.e., prednisone, azathioprine or adalimumab, were according to Investigator's clinical judgment. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Time to Steroid-free Remission

Intervention	days (Median)
Clinically Driven Management	NA
Tight Control Management	NA

Steroid-free remission was defined as CDAI < 150 and discontinuation from steroids for at least 8 weeks. CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI generally ranges from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Total Dose of Prednisone

Intervention	days (Median)
Clinically Driven Management	162
Tight Control Management	159

The total dose of prednisone each participant received during both the run-in phase and post-randomization treatment phase. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Baseline through 48 weeks after Randomization

Total Length of Stay in Hospital for All-cause Hospitalizations

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Clinically Driven Management	1505.7
Tight Control Management	1369.8

(NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Total Length of Stay in Hospital for Crohn's Disease-related Hospitalizations

Intervention	days (Mean)
Clinically Driven Management	40.2
Tight Control Management	50.1

(NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization

Change From Baseline in CDAI Over Time

Intervention	days (Mean)
Clinically Driven Management	9.8
Tight Control Management	15.8

The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) is a research tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. Participants were asked to record the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being on a daily basis. In addition to the diary data, the investigator assessed the following for the calculation of CDAI: presence of complications (arthritis/arthralgia, iritis/uveitis, erythema nodosum/pyoderma gangrenosum/aphthous stomatitis, anal fissure/fistula/abscess, other fistula, and fever), the use of antidiarrheal medicines, presence of an abdominal mass, hematocrit, and body weight. The CDAI is the sum of the products of each item multiplied by a weighting factor and generally ranges from 0 up to 600, where remission of Crohn's disease is defined as CDAI < 150, and severe disease is defined as CDAI > 450. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 and 8 weeks during the prednisone run-in, and 2, 6, 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 30, 35, 38, 42, and 48 weeks after Randomization.

Change From Baseline in High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) Over Time

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Week 4 of Prednisone Run-in	Week 8 of Prednisone Run-in	2 Weeks After Randomization	6 Weeks After Randomization	11 Weeks After Randomization	14 Weeks After Randomization	18 Weeks After Randomization	23 Weeks After Randomization	26 Weeks After Randomization	30 Weeks After Randomization	35 Weeks After Randomization	38 Weeks After Randomization	42 Weeks After Randomization	48 Weeks After Randomization
Clinically Driven Management	-78.3	-64.2	-80.2	-93.1	-103.5	-71.1	-69.9	-143.3	-71.8	-47.9	-140.4	-60.8	-76.8	-146.2
Tight Control Management	-90.9	-105.5	-110.1	-130.8	-141.0	-101.2	-112.0	-154.1	-135.7	-143.8	-166.4	-132.8	-107.4	-175.8

High sensitivity C-reactive protein was analyzed by a central laboratory. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks during the prednisone run-in, and 11, 23, 35, and 48 weeks after Randomization.

Change From Baseline in Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary Scores

Intervention	mg/L (Mean)
	Week 8 of Prednisone Run-in	11 Weeks After Randomization	23 Weeks After Randomization	35 Weeks After Randomization	48 Weeks After Randomization
Clinically Driven Management	-10.3	-14.6	-15.1	-11.0	-12.3
Tight Control Management	-9.2	-15.9	-14.7	-14.0	-13.2

"The Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36), Version 2 is a self-administered instrument that measures the impact of disease on overall quality of life and consists of 36 questions in eight domains (physical function, pain, general and mental health, vitality, social function, physical and emotional health).~The physical component summary (PCS) score summarizes the subscales physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health. The mental component summary (MCS) score summarizes the subscales vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. Each score ranges from 0 to 100 where higher scores indicate a better quality of life. A positive change from Baseline score indicates an improvement." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization

Change From Baseline in Work Productivity Activity Index - Crohn's Disease (WPAI:CD)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Physical Component Summary Score	Mental Component Summary Score
Clinically Driven Management	6.3	5.8
Tight Control Management	9.2	9.3

"The WPAI:CD questionnaire was used to assess impairments in both paid work and unpaid work due to symptoms of Crohn's Disease. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 6 questions.~Work time missed was defined as the percentage of time absent from work due to Crohn's disease in the past week.~Impairment while working is the participant's assessment of the degree to which Crohn's disease affected productivity while working in the past 7 days.~Total work productivity impairment takes into account both hours missed due to Crohn's disease symptoms and the patient's assessment of the degree to which Crohn's disease affected their productivity while working.~Total activity impairment is the percent impairment of non-work related activities due to Crohn's disease.~WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization

Percentage of Participants in Clinical Remission Over Time

Intervention	percent impairment (Mean)
	Work time missed	Impairment while working	Overall work impairment	Activity impairment
Clinically Driven Management	-12.8	-17.5	-21.7	-19.2
Tight Control Management	-17.6	-25.8	-29.2	-27.7

"Clinical remission was defined as CDAI < 150. CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI generally ranges from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease.~Participants with missing data at each time point were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 and 8 weeks during the prednisone run-in, and 2, 6, 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 30, 35, 38, 42, and 48 weeks after Randomization.

Percentage of Participants in Steroid-free Remission Over Time

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Week 4 of Prednisone Run-in	Week 8 of Prednisone Run-in	2 Weeks After Randomization	6 Weeks After Randomization	11 Weeks After Randomization	14 Weeks After Randomization	18 Weeks After Randomization	23 Weeks After Randomization	26 Weeks After Randomization	30 Weeks After Randomization	35 Weeks After Randomization	38 Weeks After Randomization	42 Weeks After Randomization	48 Weeks After Randomization
Clinically Driven Management	24.6	14.8	23.8	32.8	41.8	8.2	9.0	50.8	4.1	3.3	45.1	4.1	4.1	43.4
Tight Control Management	30.3	22.1	41.0	47.5	62.3	6.6	8.2	65.6	20.5	23.0	59.8	9.0	7.4	59.8

"Steroid-free remission was defined as CDAI < 150 and discontinuation from steroids for at least 8 weeks. CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI generally ranges from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease.~Participants with missing data at each time point were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 30, 35, 38, 42, and 48 weeks after Randomization.

Number of Participant Fatalities

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	11 Weeks After Randomization	14 Weeks After Randomization	18 Weeks After Randomization	23 Weeks After Randomization	26 Weeks After Randomization	30 Weeks After Randomization	35 Weeks After Randomization	38 Weeks After Randomization	42 Weeks After Randomization	48 Weeks After Randomization
Clinically Driven Management	23.8	4.1	3.3	45.1	2.5	0.8	42.6	4.1	4.1	39.3
Tight Control Management	39.3	4.9	7.4	63.1	18.9	21.3	59.0	9.0	7.4	59.8

The number of participant fatalities was evaluated throughout the study. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Demyelinating Neurological Disorders

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	30
Standard Therapy	14
Switched to Remicade	4

The number of participants with demyelinating neurological disorders was evaluated. Demyelinating neurological disorders were defined as multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, peripheral syndromes such as peripheral neuropathy, mononeuropathy multipex, cranial neuropathies, Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and transverse myelitis. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Hematologic Conditions

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	4
Standard Therapy	1
Switched to Remicade	0

The number of participants wtih hematologic conditions was evaluated. A hematologic condition was defined as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, or aplastic anemia. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Infusion-Related Reactions/Hypersensitivity

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	50
Standard Therapy	11
Switched to Remicade	7

The number of participants with infusion-related reactions and/or hypersensitivity was evaluated. An infuson-related reaction/hypersensitivity was defined as as an acute reaction, including anaphylactic shock that occurs after the onset of the infusion or within the 1- to 2-hour observation period following the end of the infusion. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (myalgia and/or arthralgia with fever and rash within 14 days of the infusion) were included. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Lymphoproliferative Disorders/Malignancies

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	173
Standard Therapy	1
Switched to Remicade	28

The number of participants wtih lymphoproliferative disorders and/or malignancies was evaluated. A lymphoproliferative disorder and /or malignancy included, but was not limited to, lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, skin cancer (including basocellular and squamous carcinoma, melanoma) and in situ cervical carcinoma. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With New or Worsening Congestive Heart Failure

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	49
Standard Therapy	21
Switched to Remicade	8

The number of participants with new or worsening congestive heart failure was evaluated throughout the study. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Serious Infections

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	1
Standard Therapy	1
Switched to Remicade	0

The number of participants experiencing serious infections was evaluated. Serious infections included, but were not limited to, tuberculosis, opportunistic infections (such as Pneumocystis carinii [PCP] pneumonia, listeriosis, atypical mycobacteria, and histoplasmosis), salmonellosis,and serious viral infections. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Duration of Participant Hospital Stays for Crohn's Disease in the Prior 6 Months

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	132
Standard Therapy	47
Switched to Remicade	18

The duration of hospital stays for Crohn's Disease in the prior 6 months was evaluated at each study visit. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participant Hospital Stays for Crohn's Disease in the Prior 6 Months

Intervention	Days (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=657,418 ,0)	Visit 2 (n=304,126, 33)	Visit 3 (n=216, 58, 35)	Visit 4 (n=151, 60, 24)	Visit 5 (n=105, 35, 34)	Visit 6 (n=107, 49, 19)	Visit 7 (n=109, 45, 25)	Visit 8 (n=98, 29, 23)	Visit 9 (n=80, 38, 17)	Visit 10 (n=85, 29, 27)	Visit 11 (n=63, 19, 18)
Remicade	12.2	14.4	14.2	12.6	11.7	10.8	10.6	9.5	12.4	10.1	11.4
Standard Therapy	10.8	12.0	9.4	8.5	9.8	13.7	10.2	16.3	6.9	8.0	8.7
Switched to Remicade	NA	13.0	13.5	9.1	7.1	18.3	10.0	14.7	10.7	9.0	18.1

The number of participant hospital stays for Crohn's Disease in the prior 6 months was evaluated at each study visit. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participant Surgical Procedures for Crohn's Disease in the Prior 6 Months

Intervention	Hospital Stays (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1539, 1121, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1418, 920, 100)	Visit 3 (n=1334, 827, 152)	Visit 4 (n=1285, 779, 168)	Visit 5 (n=1221, 714, 188)	Visit 6 (n=1170, 665, 208)	Visit 7 (n=1111, 615, 219)	Visit 8 (n=1099, 589, 233)	Visit 9 (n=1046, 562, 229)	Visit 10 (n=1031, 535, 235)	Visit 11 (n=1006, 541, 248)
Remicade	0.7	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Standard Therapy	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switched to Remicade	NA	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1

The number of participants undergoing surgical procedures for Crohn's Disease in the prior 6 months was evaluated at each study visit. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With a Draining Fistula By Study Visit

Intervention	Surgical Procedures (Number)
	Visit 1 (Basline; n=660, 419, 0)	Visit 2 (n=304, 126, 33)	Visit 3 (n=217, 57, 36)	Visit 4 (n=153, 60, 24)	Visit 5 (n=106, 36, 34)	Visit 6 (n=108, 49, 19)	Visit 7 (n=109, 45, 25)	Visit 8 (n=98, 29, 23)	Visit 9 (n=82, 38, 17)	Visit 10 (n=85, 29, 27)	Visit 11 (n=63, 19, 18)
Remicade	171	135	121	68	50	49	48	43	38	38	34
Standard Therapy	81	51	23	16	14	21	20	12	13	13	6
Switched to Remicade	NA	7	12	8	14	11	6	7	8	8	8

The number of participants with a draining fistula was evaluated at each study visit. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Participant Assessment of Overall Health Status By Study Visit

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1541, 1120, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1420, 920, 100)	Visit 3 (n=1334, 827, 152)	Visit 4 (n=1285, 779, 168)	Visit 5 (n=1221, 714, 188)	Visit 6 (n=1169, 666, 208)	Visit 7 (n=1110, 615, 219)	Visit 8 (n=1097, 588, 233)	Visit 9 (n=1046, 562, 229)	Visit 10 (n=1030, 535, 235)	Visit 11 (n=1006, 541, 248)
Remicade	349	211	170	146	125	114	97	105	98	85	87
Standard Therapy	96	51	41	31	29	26	31	23	32	15	16
Switched to Remicade	NA	16	19	12	15	15	15	16	15	20	20

The participant assessment of overall health status was evaluated at baseline and each study visit. The overall health status questionnaire asked participants to rate their current health status over the prior 24 hours as 1=best possible, 2=much better than average, 3=better than average, 4=average, 5=worse than average, 6=much worse than average, or 7=worst possible. Scores ranged from 1 to 7 with lower scores indicating better health status. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

The Harvey-Bradshaw Index of Crohn's Disease Activity By Study Visit

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1526, 1116, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1344, 903, 95)	Visit 3 (n=1280, 809, 146)	Visit 4 (n=1217, 755, 162)	Visit 5 (n=1160, 704, 184)	Visit 6 (n=1110, 649, 202)	Visit 7 (n=1046, 606, 212)	Visit 8 (n=1044, 573, 221)	Visit 9 (n=999, 544, 223)	Visit 10 (n=963, 520, 227)	Visit 11 (n=956, 527, 235)
Remicade	4.3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0
Standard Therapy	3.9	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8
Switched to Remicade	NA	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1

The Harvey-Bradshaw Index of Crohn's Disease Acitivity was evaluated at each study visit. The Harvey-Bradshaw Index evaluates participants' general health in the day prior in the domains of well being, abdominal pain, number of liquid stools per day, and abdominal mass and complications and was evaluated on the day of the study visit. The score is derived from a 0-4 score for general well being, 0-3 for abdmonial pain, raw score for number of liquid stools per day, 0-3 for abdominal mass, and raw score for complications. The total score is from 0 to infinity, with lower scores indicating better outcomes. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Work/Daily Activity Status Score By Study Visit

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1505, 1106, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1320, 876, 91)	Visit 3 (n=1250, 785, 143)	Visit 4 (n=1196, 742, 159)	Visit 5 (n=1127, 692, 181)	Visit 6 (n=1070, 647, 199)	Visit 7 (n=1023, 592, 209)	Visit 8 (n=1015, 562, 224)	Visit 9 (n=953, 546, 219)	Visit 10 (n=936, 526, 225)	Visit 11 (n=918, 525, 238)
Remicade	8.2	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.4
Standard Therapy	6.2	3.8	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.7	2.7
Switched to Remicade	NA	6.0	4.4	4.8	4.9	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.2

The participant work/daily activity status score was evaluated at each study visit. The work/daily activity questionnaire asked participants to rate their level of daily functioning on a scale of 1 to 10 with a lower score indicating less of an impact of Crohn's disease on work or daily life functioning. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Article	Year
Long-term endoscopic remission in Crohn's disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for diffuse large B cell lymphoma: case report and literature review. Clinical journal of gastroenterology, 2021, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin;	2021
Nodular Pachymeningitis Associated With Relapsing Polychondritis and Crohn Disease Responsive to Adalimumab and Prednisone. Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Crohn Disease; Encephalitis; Female; Headache; Humans; Meningi	2021
Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of budesonide in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2017, Volume: 13, Issue:7 Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Budesonide; Crohn Disease; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Methylpred	2017
Iatrogenic Kaposi's Sarcoma in an HIV-Negative Young Male With Crohn's Disease and IgA Nephropathy: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature. International journal of surgical pathology, 2018, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Crohn Disease; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Immuno	2018
Adalimumab for orbital myositis in a patient with Crohn's disease who discontinued infliximab: a case report and review of the literature. BMC gastroenterology, 2013, Apr-04, Volume: 13 Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Mo	2013
Varicella zoster meningitis complicating combined anti-tumor necrosis factor and corticosteroid therapy in Crohn's disease. World journal of gastroenterology, 2013, Jun-07, Volume: 19, Issue:21 Topics: Acyclovir; Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral	2013
Granulomatous lymphangitis. The Journal of urology, 2013, Volume: 190, Issue:3 Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Child; Crohn Disease; Follow-Up Studies; Granuloma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ly	2013
Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014, Aug-06, Issue:8 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Che	2014
Anti-tuberculous therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016, Jul-22, Volume: 7 Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Clarithromycin; Clofazimine; Crohn Disease; Ethambutol; Glucocorticoids; Huma	2016
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016, Oct-26, Volume: 10 Topics: Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agen	2016
[For treatment decision the age to be taken into account. In Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis attention to be paid to the age at manifestation]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2009, May-07, Volume: 151, Issue:19 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroi	2009
[Biologicals in gastroenterology: TNF-blockers]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2010, Volume: 135, Issue:45 Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Hu	2010
Crohn's disease of the mouth: report of a case. European journal of paediatric dentistry, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Child; Crohn Disease; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Mal	2011
Sternoclavicular joint arthritis as the initial presentation of Crohn's disease in an adolescent. Clinical pediatrics, 2013, Volume: 52, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Arthralgia; Arthritis; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination	2013
Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012, Dec-12, Volume: 12 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Che	2012
[Sciatica secondary to a presacral abscess as the first manifestation of Crohn's disease]. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:8 Topics: Abscess; Adult; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; E	2002
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease) in a Spanish patient with pars plana exudates: report of a new case and review of the literature. Ocular immunology and inflammation, 2002, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Crohn Disease; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exudat	2002
[Treatment of Crohn's disease]. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique, 2003, Volume: 60, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Algorithms; Aminosalicylic Acids; An	2003
How future tumor necrosis factor antagonists and other compounds will meet the remaining challenges in Crohn's disease. Reviews in gastroenterological disorders, 2004, Volume: 4 Suppl 3 Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bio	2004
Optimizing drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Current gastroenterology reports, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal	2007
[Therapy of Crohn's disease in childhood]. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde, 1981, Volume: 129, Issue:3 Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Metronidazole; P	1981
[Crohn's disease: review of the acquisitions and problems of etiopathogenesis, histogenesis and therapy]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1981, Aug-15, Volume: 98, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Age Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Autoimmun	1981
Toward optimal use of corticosteroids in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Human	1983
Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum and inflammatory bowel disease. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1994, Volume: 129, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Colostomy; Crohn Disease; Dapsone; Female; Humans; Ileostomy; Inflammatio	1994
Granulomatous gastroenteritis. Case report with comparison to idiopathic isolated granulomatous gastritis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1994, Volume: 39, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gastritis; Gastroenteritis; Granuloma; Humans	1994
Miliary Crohn's disease: early or different? Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1993, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Crohn Disease; Granuloma; Humans; Intestine, Small; Male; Prednisone	1993
Defined-formula diets versus steroids in the treatment of active Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1996, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Crohn Disease; Food, Formulated; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Randomize	1996
Massive secretory diarrhea and pseudo-obstruction as the initial presentation of Crohn's disease. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1996, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Crohn Disease; Diarrhea; Humans; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Male; Metr	1996
Crohn's disease and acute leukocytoclastic vasculitis of skin. The American journal of gastroenterology, 1996, Volume: 91, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bloo	1996
Inflammatory bowel disease and immune thrombocytopenic purpura: is there a correlation? The American journal of gastroenterology, 1997, Volume: 92, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Hum	1997
[Drug treatment of Crohn's disease]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1998, May-23, Volume: 142, Issue:21 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Clinical	1998
Metastatic Crohn's disease: remission induced by mesalamine and prednisone. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1999, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biopsy; Crohn Disease; Dru	1999
Osteonecrosis, corticosteroid use and Crohn's disease: evidence-based medicine versus civil law. Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie, 2000, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Crohn Disease; Evidence-Based Medicine; Femur Head Necrosis; Gastroenterology; Glucocorticoids; Huma	2000
Severe interstitial nephritis in a patient with renal amyloidosis and exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Clinical nephrology, 2000, Volume: 53, Issue:2 Topics: Amyloidosis; Biopsy; Crohn Disease; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle A	2000
[Crohn's disease and ascites]. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ascites; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Paracentesis; Prednisone	2000
Conventional treatment of Crohn's disease: objectives and outcomes. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2001, Volume: 7 Suppl 1 Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprin	2001
[Behçet's disease associated with Crohn's disease]. Annales de medecine interne, 2001, Volume: 152, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Behcet Syndrome; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Com	2001
The protean manifestations of Crohn's disease. Postgraduate medicine, 1975, Volume: 57, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Child; Colectomy; Colitis,	1975
[Corticosteroids in gastroenterology]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1978, Mar-25, Volume: 122, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Burns, Chemical; Celiac Disease; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Croh	1978
Maintenance treatment for Crohn's disease: has the time arrived? The American journal of gastroenterology, 1992, Volume: 87, Issue:5 Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combi	1992
Acute dacryoadenitis and Crohn's disease: findings and management. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, 1992, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Crohn Disease; Dacryocystitis; Humans; Male; Orbital Pseudotumor; Prednis	1992
[Parastomal pyoderma gangrenosum. 3 new cases]. Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie, 1991, Volume: 118, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colostomy; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Ileostomy; M	1991
Metastatic Crohn's disease. Case report and review of the literature. Archives of dermatology, 1990, Volume: 126, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Prednisone; Skin Ulcer	1990
[Prevention of recurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Innere Medizin, 1989, Volume: 95 Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosu	1989
Regional enteritis. The Alabama journal of medical sciences, 1985, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Intestinal Absorpti	1985
Inflammatory bowel disease in children. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1988, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Barium Sulfate; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Dif	1988
Inflammatory bowel disease. Disease-a-month : DM, 1974 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease	1974
IgM turnover in man. Ciba Foundation symposium, 1972, Volume: 9 Topics: Abscess; Adult; Azathioprine; Celiac Disease; Chronic Disease; Clone Cells; Crohn Disease; Feces; Ga	1972
Glucocorticoids in gastro-enterology. Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1969, Volume: 500 Topics: Adult; Betamethasone; Celiac Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cortisone; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastroi	1969
[Ulcerative colitis]. Naika. Internal medicine, 1971, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Aminocaproates; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; M	1971

Article	Year
Deep Remission at 1 Year Prevents Progression of Early Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology, 2020, Volume: 159, Issue:1 Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Drug	2020
Effect of tight control management on Crohn's disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet (London, England), 2017, 12-23, Volume: 390, Issue:10114 Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Crohn D	2017
Effect of tight control management on Crohn's disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet (London, England), 2017, 12-23, Volume: 390, Issue:10114 Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Crohn D	2017
Effect of tight control management on Crohn's disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet (London, England), 2017, 12-23, Volume: 390, Issue:10114 Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Crohn D	2017
Effect of tight control management on Crohn's disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet (London, England), 2017, 12-23, Volume: 390, Issue:10114 Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Crohn D	2017
Methotrexate in combination with infliximab is no more effective than infliximab alone in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; C-Reactive Protein; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2014
Predictors of depression in youth with Crohn disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2014, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Blood Sedimentation; Child; Crohn Disease; Depression; Female; H	2014
A short course of corticosteroids prior to surveillance colonoscopy to decrease mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease patients: results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2010, Volume: 4, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biopsy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cro	2010
Beclomethasone dipropionate in Crohn's ileitis: a randomised, double-blind trial. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2011, Volume: 43, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Beclomethasone; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Femal	2011
Efficacy of adalimumab in patients with Crohn's disease and failure to infliximab therapy: a clinical series. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas, 2011, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclo	2011
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in patients with steroid-dependent Crohn's disease: an open-label, multicenter, prospective trial. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therap	2013
A comparison of budesonide and prednisone for the treatment of active pediatric Crohn disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2003, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Budesonide; Child; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Predni	2003
A double-blind clinical trial for treatment of Crohn's disease by oral administration of Alequel, a mixture of autologous colon-extracted proteins: a patient-tailored approach. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2006, Volume: 101, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Autoantigens; CD4 Antigens; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD8 Antigens; Co	2006
Infliximab plus azathioprine for steroid-dependent Crohn's disease patients: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology, 2006, Volume: 130, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Double-B	2006
Steroid-sparing effect of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) in Crohn's disease: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:2-3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Artemisia absinthium; Crohn Disease; Depression; Double-Blind Met	2007
The National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie, 1980, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Humans; Placebos; Prednisone; Prognosis; Sulf	1980
How should we treat Crohn's disease? The New England journal of medicine, 1980, May-01, Volume: 302, Issue:18 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind	1980
Azathioprine has a very limited role in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1981, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Prednisone; Rand	1981
[Results of treatment with sulfasalazine in the American Multicenter Study on the treatment of Crohn disease (National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study)]. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie. Verhandlungsband, 1981, Volume: 19 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Pre	1981
Controlled trial of intravenous hyperalimentation and total bowel rest as an adjunct to the routine therapy of acute colitis. Gastroenterology, 1980, Volume: 79, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colectomy; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcer	1980
European trial of cyclosporine in chronic active Crohn's disease: a 12-month study. The European Study Group. Gastroenterology, 1995, Volume: 109, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Double-Blind Method	1995
Low-dose cyclosporine for the treatment of Crohn's disease. The Canadian Crohn's Relapse Prevention Trial Investigators. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Jun-30, Volume: 330, Issue:26 Topics: Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Stu	1994
Long-term management of Crohn's disease with mesalamine capsules (Pentasa). Pentasa Crohn's Disease Compassionate Use Study Group. The American journal of gastroenterology, 1993, Volume: 88, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aminosalicylic Acids; Capsules; Crohn Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations;	1993
Low-dose oral methotrexate in refractory inflammatory bowel disease. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1993, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Femal	1993
[Methotrexate in therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie, 1996, Volume: 34, Issue:7 Topics: Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Admi	1996
Intravenous corticotrophin vs. hydrocortisone in the treatment of hospitalized patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized double-blind study and follow-up. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 1998, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Crohn Disease; Double-B	1998
Budesonide versus prednisone in the treatment of active Crohn's disease. The Israeli Budesonide Study Group. Gastroenterology, 1998, Volume: 115, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Budesonide; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Mal	1998
Lack of effect of intravenous administration on time to respond to azathioprine for steroid-treated Crohn's disease. North American Azathioprine Study Group. Gastroenterology, 1999, Volume: 117, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B	1999
Mycophenolate mofetil: lack of efficacy in chronic active inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2000, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bo	2000
A comparison of methotrexate with placebo for the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. North American Crohn's Study Group Investigators. The New England journal of medicine, 2000, Jun-01, Volume: 342, Issue:22 Topics: Adult; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents	2000
A multicenter trial of 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone in children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 119, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Crohn Disease; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2000
Efficacy and safety of repeated infliximab infusions for Crohn's disease: 1-year clinical experience. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2001, Volume: 7 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule	2001
Immunomodulatory effects of etanercept (TNFR:Fc) and its use in a patient with Crohn's disease. Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology, 2001, Volume: 109, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cells, Cultured; Crohn Disease; Cytokines; Dexamethasone; Enzyme-Li	2001
Double blind, placebo controlled trial of the remission inducing and steroid sparing properties of an ICAM-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, alicaforsen (ISIS 2302), in active steroid dependent Crohn's disease. Gut, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Area Under Curve; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Fe	2002
National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: study design and conduct of the study. Gastroenterology, 1979, Volume: 77, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio	1979
National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: results of drug treatment. Gastroenterology, 1979, Volume: 77, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up	1979
National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: adverse reactions to study drugs. Gastroenterology, 1979, Volume: 77, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method;	1979
Azathioprine-related pancreatitis in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology, 1979, Volume: 77, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Adult; Amylases; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female;	1979
A trial of sulfasalazine as adjunctive therapy in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology, 1979, Volume: 77, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema	1979
Correlations between clinical, blood leukocyte, and skin test data in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Gastroenterology, 1979, Volume: 77, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Intradermal Te	1979
Low dose steroids and clinical relapse in Crohn's disease: a controlled trial. Gut, 1978, Volume: 19, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Mal	1978
A controlled trial of azathioprine in Crohn's disease. The American journal of digestive diseases, 1975, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Midd	1975
A randomized prospective trial comparing a defined formula diet, corticosteroids, and a defined formula diet plus corticosteroids in active Crohn's disease. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 1992, Volume: 67, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Female; Food, Formulated; Humans; Male; Middl	1992
Sulphasalazine and prednisone compared with sulphasalazine for treating active Crohn disease. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. Annals of internal medicine, 1991, Mar-15, Volume: 114, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Ma	1991
Sulfasalazine vs. steroids in Crohn's disease: David vs. Goliath? Gastroenterology, 1991, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Prednisone; Sulfasalazine	1991
Clinical relapse of Crohn's disease under standardized conservative treatment and after excisional surgery. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1989, Volume: 34, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intestine, Small; Life Tables; M	1989
[Prevention of recurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Innere Medizin, 1989, Volume: 95 Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosu	1989
[Metronidazole in the treatment of Crohn disease. Results of a controlled randomized prospective study]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1985, Nov-08, Volume: 110, Issue:45 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intestinal Fistula; Metronidazol	1985
Levamisole in Crohn's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The American journal of gastroenterology, 1987, Volume: 82, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combi	1987
Azathioprine in the treatment of Crohn's disease. The British journal of surgery, 1972, Volume: 59, Issue:10 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colic; Crohn Disease; Humans; Leukopenia; Lymphoma; Placebos	1972

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1496, 1108, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1316, 895, 94)	Visit 3 (n=1235, 797, 143)	Visit 4 (n=1192, 738, 159)	Visit 5 (n=1128, 694, 179)	Visit 6 (n=1077, 638, 201)	Visit 7 (n=1030, 601, 207)	Visit 8 (n=1025, 571, 221)	Visit 9 (n=982, 542, 222)	Visit 10 (n=934, 514, 225)	Visit 11 (n=925, 521, 235)
Remicade	5.9	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2
Standard Therapy	4.9	3.7	3.2	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.4
Switched to Remicade	NA	5.5	4.8	4.3	4.0	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.6

prednisone and Crohn Disease