prednisolone has been researched along with Group A Strep Infection in 50 studies
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.
prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "112 patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of erysipelas, were randomized to 8 days treatment with prednisolone or placebo in addition to antibiotics." | 9.08 | Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Bergkvist, PI; Sjöbeck, K, 1997) |
| "112 patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of erysipelas, were randomized to 8 days treatment with prednisolone or placebo in addition to antibiotics." | 5.08 | Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Bergkvist, PI; Sjöbeck, K, 1997) |
| " Treatment using oral prednisolone (PSL), mizoribine (MZR), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduced the proteinuria." | 3.96 | Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis related to a streptococcal infection in a girl with IgA deficiency: a case report. ( Enya, T; Miyazaki, K; Miyazawa, T; Okada, M; Sugimoto, K; Takemura, T, 2020) |
| " Despite methylprednisolone pulse therapy and the administration of oral prednisolone, overt proteinuria and hypocomplementemia persisted." | 3.76 | A case of dense deposit disease associated with a group A streptococcal infection without the involvement of C3NeF or complement factor H deficiency. ( Hatanaka, M; Hidaka, Y; Kagami, S; Kinoshita, Y; Kitamura, H; Kitano, E; Kondo, S; Matsuura, S; Oda, T; Suga, K, 2010) |
| "Most patients were on corticosteroid treatment." | 2.43 | Necrotizing fasciitis in rheumatic diseases. ( Chan, TM; Lau, CS; Mok, MY; Tang, WM; Wong, SY; Wong, WS, 2006) |
| "After making the diagnosis the rheumatic fever as a secondary disease after streptococcal infection is immediately to be treated with penicillin G." | 2.36 | [Therapy of rheumatic fever]. ( Seidel, K, 1977) |
| "The role of streptococcal infections in the development of uveitis remains uncertain." | 1.37 | [Post-streptococcal uveitis]. ( Caspers, L; Catherine, J; Judice, M; Kolyvras, N; Relvas, L; Viel, A; Willermain, F, 2011) |
| "A case of PSGN during IgA nephropathy is presented." | 1.35 | Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis superimposed on IgA nephropathy. ( Lee, KW; Lim, BJ; Na, KR; Shin, YT; Suh, KS, 2008) |
| "These 3 cases of severe APSGN with acute renal failure showed the benefits of combination therapy, hemodialysis, double filtration plasmapheresis and steroid therapy." | 1.35 | [Three adult cases of severe acute glomerulonephritis with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis]. ( Abe, Y; Endo, M; Hashimoto, A; Kaga, T; Matsuda, A; Ogura, M; Shimizu, A; Shizuku, J; Wakai, S; Yamada, K, 2009) |
| "We report a case of adult polyarteritis nodosa (PN) associated with group A streptococcal infection." | 1.31 | [A case of adult polyarteritis nodosa associated with fulminant group A streptococcal infection]. ( Adachi, D; Mimori, A; Suzuki, T; Takeishi, M, 2002) |
| " After an initial loading dose of 120 mg prednisolone per day for 6 weeks (11/1986), the steroid dosage was reduced to 40 mg (12/1986) and diminished to 15 mg/day in 1988 to 1989." | 1.29 | [Löffler endocarditis fibroplastica with simultaneous infectious endocarditis]. ( Bethge, C; Drude, L; Herzum, M; Maisch, B; Menz, V; Schönian, U, 1994) |
| "Prednisolone treatment did not alter the number of somatic cells in milk or reduce the inflammatory response of experimentally infected cows." | 1.27 | Excretion of [3H]prednisolone in clinically normal and experimentally infected bovine udders. ( Geleta, JN; Mercer, HD; Shimoda, W, 1984) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 19 (38.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 9 (18.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 13 (26.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 7 (14.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (4.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Inoue, T | 1 |
| Takeuchi, K | 1 |
| Ishikawa, A | 1 |
| Terasaki, M | 1 |
| Arai, Y | 1 |
| Hatanaka, S | 1 |
| Hirano, Y | 1 |
| Miyazaki, S | 1 |
| Hoashi, T | 1 |
| Mii, A | 1 |
| Saeki, H | 1 |
| Sakai, Y | 1 |
| Shimizu, A | 2 |
| Sugimoto, K | 1 |
| Enya, T | 1 |
| Miyazaki, K | 1 |
| Miyazawa, T | 1 |
| Takemura, T | 1 |
| Okada, M | 1 |
| Kari, JA | 1 |
| Bamagai, A | 1 |
| Jalalah, SM | 1 |
| FOLEY, EJ | 1 |
| MORGAN, WA | 1 |
| GRECO, G | 1 |
| Lim, BJ | 1 |
| Suh, KS | 1 |
| Na, KR | 1 |
| Lee, KW | 1 |
| Shin, YT | 1 |
| Kono, H | 1 |
| Ikewaki, J | 1 |
| Kimoto, K | 1 |
| Furushima, M | 1 |
| Yae, Y | 1 |
| Shinoda, K | 1 |
| Nakatsuka, K | 1 |
| Besada, E | 1 |
| Frauens, BJ | 1 |
| Apiwattanakul, N | 1 |
| Wanitkun, S | 1 |
| Chongtrakool, P | 1 |
| Sirinavin, S | 1 |
| Hashimoto, A | 1 |
| Yamada, K | 1 |
| Kaga, T | 1 |
| Matsuda, A | 1 |
| Shizuku, J | 1 |
| Abe, Y | 1 |
| Endo, M | 1 |
| Wakai, S | 1 |
| Ogura, M | 1 |
| Suga, K | 1 |
| Kondo, S | 1 |
| Matsuura, S | 1 |
| Kinoshita, Y | 1 |
| Kitano, E | 1 |
| Hatanaka, M | 1 |
| Kitamura, H | 1 |
| Hidaka, Y | 1 |
| Oda, T | 1 |
| Kagami, S | 1 |
| Kitazawa, K | 1 |
| Honda, A | 1 |
| Arahata, Y | 1 |
| Kimura, K | 1 |
| Arakawa, Y | 1 |
| Matsuo, T | 1 |
| Tamaki, M | 1 |
| Oono, T | 1 |
| Viel, A | 1 |
| Kolyvras, N | 1 |
| Catherine, J | 1 |
| Relvas, L | 1 |
| Judice, M | 1 |
| Caspers, L | 1 |
| Willermain, F | 1 |
| Kitai, Y | 1 |
| Murakami, K | 1 |
| Yoshifuji, H | 1 |
| Yukawa, N | 1 |
| Kawabata, D | 1 |
| Ohmura, K | 1 |
| Fujii, T | 1 |
| Mimori, T | 1 |
| Ekiz, Ö | 1 |
| Şen, BB | 1 |
| Rifaioğlu, EN | 1 |
| Özgür, T | 1 |
| İnan, MU | 1 |
| Doğramacı, ÇA | 1 |
| Takeishi, M | 1 |
| Mimori, A | 1 |
| Adachi, D | 1 |
| Suzuki, T | 1 |
| Ichimiya, M | 1 |
| Hamamoto, Y | 1 |
| Muto, M | 1 |
| KRUGMAN, S | 1 |
| EBIN, EV | 1 |
| BREESE, BB | 1 |
| DISNEY, FA | 1 |
| TALPEY, WB | 1 |
| FRITSCH, CJ | 1 |
| FRITSCH, WC | 1 |
| KONO, M | 1 |
| OKATA, M | 1 |
| Fujikawa, S | 2 |
| Mok, MY | 1 |
| Wong, SY | 1 |
| Chan, TM | 1 |
| Tang, WM | 1 |
| Wong, WS | 1 |
| Lau, CS | 1 |
| Mizikova, IZ | 1 |
| Shoshina, LM | 1 |
| Geleta, JN | 1 |
| Shimoda, W | 1 |
| Mercer, HD | 1 |
| Nishimura, T | 1 |
| Apel, A | 1 |
| Campbell, I | 1 |
| Rootman, DS | 1 |
| David, J | 1 |
| Ansell, BM | 1 |
| Woo, P | 1 |
| Menz, V | 1 |
| Drude, L | 1 |
| Schönian, U | 1 |
| Herzum, M | 1 |
| Bethge, C | 1 |
| Maisch, B | 1 |
| Bergkvist, PI | 1 |
| Sjöbeck, K | 1 |
| Holland, GN | 1 |
| Knox, CM | 1 |
| Wong, IG | 1 |
| Love, P | 1 |
| Wirostko, WJ | 1 |
| Connor, TB | 1 |
| Wagner, PF | 1 |
| Muguruma, T | 1 |
| Koyama, T | 1 |
| Kanadani, T | 1 |
| Furujo, M | 1 |
| Shiraga, H | 1 |
| Ichiba, Y | 1 |
| Matsumoto, H | 1 |
| Hui, JY | 1 |
| Woo, PC | 1 |
| Lo, SS | 1 |
| Chan, JC | 1 |
| Seidel, K | 1 |
| Kampf, D | 1 |
| Höfer, W | 1 |
| Misgeld, V | 1 |
| Petrányi, G | 1 |
| Quin, JD | 1 |
| Gray, HW | 1 |
| Baxter, JN | 1 |
| Thomson, JA | 1 |
| Nagasawa, T | 1 |
| Badenoch, PR | 1 |
| Hay, GJ | 1 |
| McDonald, PJ | 1 |
| Coster, DJ | 1 |
| Baker, H | 1 |
| Dachy, A | 1 |
| Klotz, MD | 1 |
| Gerstein, H | 1 |
| Bahn, AN | 1 |
| Larsson, SO | 1 |
| Lindergård, B | 1 |
| Henriksson, H | 1 |
| Hedner, U | 1 |
| Nilsson, IM | 1 |
| Mazzacuva, D | 1 |
| Laghi, MG | 1 |
| Boros, G | 1 |
| Balogh, Z | 1 |
| Metzl, J | 1 |
| Nagy, I | 1 |
| Linton, RG | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use of Corticosteroids in Children Hospitalized With Cellulitis: Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT02087527] | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-06-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Calculated sample size not achieved) | |||
| Use of a Single Dose of Oral Prednisone in the Treatment of Cellulitis[NCT01671423] | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Number of times the subject needed to use pain medication between day 1 and the 48 hour follow-up (NCT01671423)
Timeframe: Assessed once during the 48 hour follow-up
| Intervention | medications taken (Median) |
|---|---|
| Prednisone | 7 |
| Placebo | 2 |
The level of pain as measured by a Visual Analog Scale(VAS) measured once at day 1 and once during the 48th hour follow-up visit. Minimum value 0, maximum value 100mm, higher scores corresponds to more pain/worse outcomes. (NCT01671423)
Timeframe: Assessed once at day 1 and then once during the 48 hour follow-up
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| VAS at Day 1 | VAS at 48 hrs | |
| Placebo | 56.45 | 25.91 |
| Prednisone | 79.64 | 39.71 |
5 reviews available for prednisolone and Group A Strep Infection
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Rheumatic fever (RF)].
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Outer Membran | 2005 |
Necrotizing fasciitis in rheumatic diseases.
Topics: Adult; Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arth | 2006 |
[Rheumatic fever].
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Aspirin; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Carrier Protein | 2000 |
[Rheumatic fever].
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspirin; Autoimmunity; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Prednisolone; Prognos | 2001 |
[Therapy of rheumatic fever].
Topics: Adult; Aminopyrine; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Penicillin G; Pre | 1977 |
1 trial available for prednisolone and Group A Strep Infection
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteremia; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erysipelas; Fe | 1997 |
Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteremia; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erysipelas; Fe | 1997 |
Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteremia; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erysipelas; Fe | 1997 |
Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteremia; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erysipelas; Fe | 1997 |
44 other studies available for prednisolone and Group A Strep Infection
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A case of pathologically confirmed streptococcal infection-related IgA vasculitis with associated glomerulonephritis and leukocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Humans; IgA Vasculitis | 2022 |
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis related to a streptococcal infection in a girl with IgA deficiency: a case report.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glome | 2020 |
Severe acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in an infant.
Topics: Acute Disease; Biopsy; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Hematuria; Humans; Infant; Kidne | 2013 |
Effect of prednisone and prednisolone on Streptococcus infections in mice treated with chlortetracycline.
Topics: Animals; Chlortetracycline; Mice; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus | 1957 |
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis superimposed on IgA nephropathy.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; | 2008 |
Frosted branch angiitis associated with streptococcal infection: optical coherence tomography as a follow-up tool.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Angiography; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Atropine; Beta | 2009 |
Unilateral granulomatous post-streptococcal uveitis with elevated tension.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antistreptolysin; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Intraocular Press | 2008 |
A patient with penicillin-resistant viridans group streptococcal endocarditis and unusual reactions to vancomycin.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hum | 2008 |
[Three adult cases of severe acute glomerulonephritis with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis].
Topics: Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Glomerulonephrit | 2009 |
A case of dense deposit disease associated with a group A streptococcal infection without the involvement of C3NeF or complement factor H deficiency.
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy; Complement C3 Nephritic Factor; Complement Factor H; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2010 |
[Group B streptococcal bacteremia in a 10-year-old girl undergoing corticosteroid therapy].
Topics: Bacteremia; Child; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Prednisolone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopat | 2010 |
Retinal vasoproliferative granulomatous lesion associated with hand pyoderma caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Topics: Adult; Amoxicillin; Clavulanic Acid; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Granuloma; Hand; Humans; Laser | 2011 |
[Post-streptococcal uveitis].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antistreptolysin; Female; Fluorescein A | 2011 |
A case of Behçet's disease developing after poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Behcet Syndrome; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Prednisolon | 2013 |
Necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with bullous pemphigoid treating with systemic steroid.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Female; Humans; Pemph | 2013 |
[A case of adult polyarteritis nodosa associated with fulminant group A streptococcal infection].
Topics: Adult; Antistreptolysin; Biomarkers; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Predniso | 2002 |
A case of baboon syndrome associated with group a streptococcal infection.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Buttocks; Cefaclor; Diagnosis, Differential; | 2003 |
Improved local tolerance to benzathine penicillin G.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillins; Prednisolone; Streptococcal Infections | 1958 |
Improvement in local tolerance and therapeutic effectiveness of benzathine penicillin. A comparison of the effect of further purification of the drug, the addition of procaine penicillin, and the addition of prednisolone.
Topics: Child; Infant; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillins; Prednisolone; Streptococ | 1960 |
EFFECT OF TOPICAL FLUOROMETHOLONE ON INFECTED AND UNINFECTED DERMATOSES. A CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cortisone; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; De | 1964 |
[STUDY ON AN ASSAY OF ENTEROCOCCI IN THE BODY FLUIDS IN CHRONIC RHEUMATIC FEVER].
Topics: Animals; Body Fluids; Drug Therapy; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecalis; Lagomorpha; Prednisolone; R | 1964 |
[On the problem of leukoencephalitis with a benign course].
Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder; Encephalitis; Female; Humans | 1966 |
Excretion of [3H]prednisolone in clinically normal and experimentally infected bovine udders.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Lactation; Leukocytes; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Pred | 1984 |
Effects of prednisolone and anti-macrophage serum on the development of carditis and arthritis due to group A hemolytic streptococci in mice.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Infectious; Immune Sera; Immunosuppressive Agents; Joints; Male; Muridae; Myocar | 1981 |
Infectious crystalline keratopathy following trabeculectomy and low-dose topical steroids.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cornea; Corneal Opacity; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 1995 |
Polyarteritis nodosa associated with streptococcus.
Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Polyarteritis | 1993 |
[Löffler endocarditis fibroplastica with simultaneous infectious endocarditis].
Topics: Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echoc | 1994 |
Recurrent anterior uveitis associated with streptococcal pharyngitis in a patient with a history of poststreptococcal syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Pharyngitis; Prednisolone; | 1999 |
Chronic uveitis following a streptococcal illness.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Methotrexate; Middle Aged | 1999 |
Recurrent poststreptococcal uveitis.
Topics: Child; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Mydriatics; Pharyngitis; Photophobia; Prednisolone; | 1999 |
Acute thrombocytopenia associated with post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration Schedule; Enzyme-Link | 2000 |
Over-the-counter medication and its effects.
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cushing Syndrome; | 2002 |
[Anticoagulation and immunosuppression in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis of poststreptococcal type (author's transl)].
Topics: Adolescent; Anticoagulants; Cyclophosphamide; Dipyridamole; Glomerulonephritis; Heparin; Humans; Imm | 1978 |
[The immunologic problems in chronic glomerulonephritis. Doubts of a clinical immunologist].
Topics: Antigen-Antibody Complex; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Cortisone; Dose-Response Rela | 1978 |
Thyroid abscess complicating subacute thyroiditis: a consequence of steroid therapy?
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Bacteroides Infections; Female; Humans; Prednisolone; Streptococcal Infections; | 1992 |
[Physiopathologic and therapeutic differences between primary and secondary kidney diseases].
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis; Predniso | 1992 |
A rat model of bacterial keratitis. Effect of antibiotics and corticosteroid.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Cephradine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Com | 1985 |
Diseases of the skin. Management of eczema. II.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Eczema; Eczema, Dyshidrotic; Histamine | 1973 |
[Complications of streptococcal angina].
Topics: Erythromycin; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Penicillins; Pharyngitis; Prednisolone; Rheumatic Fever; R | 1973 |
Bacteremia after topical use of prednisolone in infected pulps.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Enterococcus faecalis; Haplorhini; Predn | 1965 |
A case of acute glomerulonephritis and severe uraemia, treated with heparin and corticosteroids.
Topics: Acute Disease; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Child; Creatinine; Female; Fibrin; Fi | 1971 |
[Use of corticoids in some grave pneumopathies in childhood].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Methicillin; Pleu | 1971 |
[Peritoneal form of Schönlein-Henoch purpura: mesocolon apoplexy].
Topics: Aprotinin; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Fibrinolysis; Hemoperitoneum; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Meso | 1970 |
Prophylactic treatment of recurrent attacks of uveitis due to I. toxoplasmosis and 2. streptococci.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Penicillins; Prednisolone; Pyrimethamine; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfadi | 1969 |