pr-39 and Carcinoma--Hepatocellular

Cancer is thought to arise from the accumulation of several genetic mutations in a single cell. These include integration of viral genomes, activation of protooncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is one of the most common cancers in Asia and Africa. Various studies have revealed its association with hepatitis B or C viral infection. While activation of known protooncogenes, such as ras genes does not seem to play an important role, frequent allelic loss on specific chromosomal arms, 4q, 13q, 16q and 17p, indicates that dysfunction of diverse tumor suppressor genes located on these chromosome arms is involved in the development of HCC. An informative p53 mutational spectrum of frequent G to T transversions in codon 249 is found in HCCs from either Qidong, People's Republic of China, or southern Africa. This observation links exposure to aflatoxin B1, a known cancer risk factor in these geographic regions. Recently, we found that expression of syndecan-1, which is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in cell matrix interactions and growth factor bindings, was inversely associated with metastatic potential in human hepatocellular carcinoma as like nm23-H1 expression was. Transfection with syndecan-1 gene suppresses invasive activity of hepatoma cells. These data support our hypothesis that syndecan-1 is one of important metastasis suppressor factors in hepatoma cells. PR-39 is a proline-rich antimicrobial peptide which was isolated from a pig small intestine and has been reported to induced syndecan-1 on mouse mesenchymal cells. Transfection with PR-39 gene caused induction of syndecan-1 and altered invasive phenotype and actin structure on hepatoma cells. Syndecan-1 and PR-39 may serve as a basis for design of drug or gene therapy effective against metastasis of hepatocellular carcinomas.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Genes, p53; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Loss of Heterozygosity; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; Mutation; NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; Peptides; Proteoglycans; Swine; Syndecan-1; Syndecans; Transcription Factors

PR-39 is an endogenous proline-rich antimicrobial peptide which induces the synthesis of syndecan-1, a transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan involved in cell-to-matrix interactions and wound healing. Previously, we revealed that the expression of syndecan-1 was reduced in human hepatocellular carcinomas with high metastatic potential and speculated that syndecan-1 played an important role in inhibition of invasion and metastasis. It is assumed that a modification of this process with PR-39 and syndecan-1 may result in a new strategy by which it can inhibit the invasion and metastasis. Therefore, we transduced a gene of PR-39 into human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HLF, which shows a low expression of syndecan-1 and a high in vitro invasive activity, and examined whether this procedure could reduce the invasive activity of tumour cells. In two transfectants with PR-39 gene, the syndecan-1 expression was induced and the invasive activity in type I collagen-coated chamber was inhibited. Moreover, these transfectants showed the suppression of motile activity assayed by phagokinetic tracks in addition to the disorganization of actin filaments observed by a confocal imaging system. In contrast, five transfectants with syndecan-1 gene in the HLF cells revealed suppression of invasive activity but did not alter the motile activity and actin structures of the cell. These results suggest that PR-39 has functions involved in the suppression of motile activity and alteration of actin structure on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in addition to the suppression of invasive activity which might result from the induction of syndecan-1 expression.

Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actins; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Movement; Chlorates; Collagen; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Membrane Glycoproteins; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Proteins; Peptides; Proteoglycans; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sulfur; Syndecan-1; Syndecans; Transfection