povidone-iodine and Peritoneal-Diseases

A prospective randomized investigation was undertaken, involving 168 consecutive patients undergoing laparotomy for conditions accompanying bacterially contaminated peritoneal cavities, to evaluate the effectiveness of povidone-iodine irrigation of the peritoneum in preventing the development of intra-abdominal abscesses. In the treatment group irrigated with povidone-iodine solution, 0.1 per cent available iodine, one of 80 patients had an abscess, 1.3 per cent, while, in the saline solution irrigated control group, nine of 88 patients had abscesses, 10.2 per cent, p less than 0.05. Although the serum iodine levels were elevated 24 hours after intraperitoneal irrigation with povidone-iodine solution, iodine levels returned to near normal by 72 hours. Thyroxine levels showed no major changes. No complications resulting from the use of povidone-iodine were recognized.

Topics: Abscess; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Iodine; Laparotomy; Male; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Diseases; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Therapeutic Irrigation

Intraoperative irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with scolicidal agents is frequently recommended when dealing with traumatic or spontaneous rupture of hydatid cysts. The present experimental study was designed to examine the influence of various scolicidal agents on adhesion formation and survival. A total of 149 rats were randomly allocated to nine groups. Peritoneal lavage through a median laparotomy was performed with the following scolicidal agents. Group 1 (0.9% saline: controls), group 2 (20% hypertonic saline), group 3 (0.04% chlorhexidine gluconate), group 4 (3% hydrogen peroxide), group 5 (0.5% silver nitrate), group 6 (1% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine, or PVP-I ), group 7 (5% PVP-I), group 8 (0.5% cetrimide/0.05% chlorhexidine), and group 9 (10% PVP-I). The surviving animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 15. Adhesion formation was macroscopically graded by the Nair criteria. The severity of adhesion formation was evaluated microscopically using the fibrosing scoring criteria and the strain test. Group 9 (10% PVP-I) was excluded from the adhesion evaluation because all of the rats died in this group. The mortality rate was significantly higher in groups 5 and 7 than in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Adhesion scores were significantly lower in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 than in groups 5, 6, 7, and 8. The lowest adhesion score was found in group 3 and the highest in the group 7. These results indicate that 0.04% chlorhexidine gluconate, the most potent scolicidal agent in vitro and in vivo, was associated with the lowest adhesion formation and mortality among various scolicidal agents in this experimental study.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cetrimonium; Cetrimonium Compounds; Chlorhexidine; Echinococcosis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneal Lavage; Postoperative Complications; Povidone-Iodine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Silver Nitrate; Tissue Adhesions

To develop an animal model of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that simulates intraluminal tubal damage and adhesion formation seen in human PID, and to evaluate peritoneal effects of laparoscopic lavage with 1% povidone-iodine, 0.5% povidone-iodine, and 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate solutions.. Prospective, randomized, controlled study (Canadian Task Force classification I).. Animal research operating room facility.. Forty-five 1-year-old Pasteurella-free New Zealand white rabbits.. Laparoscopy with instillation of one of five lavage solutions after bacterial inoculation with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Peptococcus niger.. Histologic evaluation revealed significantly more peritoneal inflammation after lavage with all three solutions than after no lavage or lavage with normal saline. Gross adhesion formation was visible in only one rabbit after lavage with normal saline. One animal having lavage with 1% povidone-iodine died immediately after injection for sedation before laparoscopic lavage, and was not included in the final results.. Bacterial inoculation using an intrauterine insemination catheter did not produce clinical adhesions in 43 of 44 rabbits. Histologic evaluation revealed significantly more peritoneal inflammation in the lavage with povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate compared with no lavage or lavage with normal saline.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Chlorhexidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Laparoscopy; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneal Lavage; Povidone-Iodine; Probability; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Chloride; Tissue Adhesions

Topics: Animals; Echinococcosis; Peritoneal Diseases; Povidone-Iodine; Rats

The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) on experimental peritoneal hydatidosis was evaluated in this randomized blind controlled study. Seventy-five white, 3-month-old rats were subjected to laparotomy. After the intraperitoneal inoculation of viable scolices, the rats were randomly divided into three groups. Their peritoneal cavities were irrigated with either 1 per cent PVP-I solution (the PVP-I group), hypertonic saline (the HS group) or Ringer's lactate (the control group). Each group was assigned a separate code number; observers blind to the meaning of the code numbers noted all findings during a period of 4 months, after which the rats were killed to allow assessment of the abdominal cavity. The results were decoded after the statistical analyses were completed. The incidence of peritoneal cysts was found to be lower (8.7 per cent) in the PVP-I group compared with the HS (50 per cent) and control (90.9 per cent) groups; the mean number of hydatid cysts per animal was also lower in the PVP-I group compared with the other two groups. We conclude that the scolicidal activity of PVP-I is significantly higher than that of hypertonic saline and that it can be employed as a prophylactic agent against peritoneal hydatidosis.

Topics: Animals; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Echinococcosis; Female; Male; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneal Lavage; Povidone-Iodine; Random Allocation; Rats

The appearance and severity of peritoneal adhesions after simple laparotomy and after adhesiolysis were studied in a rabbit model. Adhesions were induced by direct abrasion with latex glove and dry gauze; control rabbits had abrasion only. Study groups had abrasion and treatment with 10% or 25% povidone. Results showed a significant reduction in the number of adhesions and in the severity of adhesions after treatment with povidone. This study supports the further investigation of the efficacy of povidone in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Laparotomy; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Rabbits; Tissue Adhesions

Peritoneal adhesions were induced in 250 female Wistar rats by the excision and closure of a right lower quadrant parietal peritoneal defect. After closure of the defect each rat was randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups: A, control with no instillate; B, control with Ringer solution; C, noxythiolin 0.5 per cent solution; D, noxythiolin 1 per cent solution; E povidone-iodine/PVP solution. Two millilitres of the appropriate solution were injected into the peritoneal cavity just before closure of a standard 4-cm midline incision. Assessment of adhesion formation was made at 1 week in ignorance of the treatment group. Noxythiolin 1 per cent was more effective than Ringer solution and noxythiolin 0.5 per cent in reducing the mean number of adhesions (P less than 0.05) but was inferior to povidone-iodine/PVP (P less than 0.05). Povidone-iodine/PVP solution significantly reduced the number of adhesions compared with the four other groups. In addition, it significantly reduced the mean length of attachment of each adhesion compared with the two control groups (P less than 0.001).

Topics: Animals; Female; Noxythiolin; Peritoneal Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Random Allocation; Rats; Thiourea; Tissue Adhesions

In controlled experiments intraperitoneal povidone-iodine significantly reduced the mortality of mice (p less than 0.01) and rats (p less than 0.01) with induced peritonitis. Povidone-iodine irrigation of the rat colon before and after anastomosis did not interfere with healing or inhibit peritoneal adhesion formation. However, a newly formulated povidone-iodine solution containing increased PVP significantly reduced adhesion formation in a controlled study in rats.

Topics: Animals; Colonic Diseases; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Mice; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritonitis; Postoperative Complications; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Rats; Tissue Adhesions; Wound Healing

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneum; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Rats; Tissue Adhesions