povidone-iodine and Mastitis--Bovine

Different protocols to evaluate teat skin status under field conditions based on scoring and on the measurement of pH and hydration of teat skin were evaluated. After determination of the teat score for all eligible animals in a commercial dairy herd, 50 of them were chosen, based on their pre-trial average teat score, and separated in two groups. Two different post-dipping products with the same amount of disinfectant, but with a different concentration of emollient were applied. All four teats were assessed with the corneometer and pH probes. A digital picture of each teat skin and teat orifice was taken with a digital camera. Hydration and pH data were analysed by anova with repeated-measurement factors, while teat skin and apex score patterns, were assessed by the means of Mann-Whitney test; between- and within-group changes were assessed by the mean of Mantel-Haenzel chi-square statistic. Data showed that teat skin pH and hydration could be assessed under field conditions and they were influenced by teat conditioning. The approach based on evaluating odds for scores, stratified for sampling and for treatment, was found to be a sensitive and informative way to compare the changes between and within treatment groups.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cattle; Dairying; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Povidone-Iodine; Predictive Value of Tests; Severity of Illness Index

The objective of the present study was to compare the ability of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine to cause cessation of lactation in Staphylococcus aureus-infected mammary quarters, assess milk production in the treated quarter in the subsequent lactation, and evaluate whether microbiological cure was obtained. Fourteen mid- to late-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle from the Washington State University dairy herd with single mammary quarter S. aureus intramammary infections were studied. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine. Cows in the povidone-iodine group were infused with 120 ml of 5% povidone-iodine solution (0.5% iodine) after complete milk-out. Chlorhexidine-treated cows were infused with a proprietary chlorhexidine suspension after two milkings 24 h apart. Treated mammary quarters were not milked for the rest of the lactation. Milk production from each mammary quarter (kg of milk/quarter) was measured using in-line volume flow meters for 5 consecutive days before treatment and again at the start of the subsequent lactation. Povidoneiodine caused permanent cessation of lactation in the treated quarter, whereas 71% of the chlorhexidine-treated mammary quarters returned to function in the subsequent lactation. Hence, if the primary objective is to eliminate the mammary quarter from lactation, and thereby presumably lower the risk of herdmates acquiring new S. aureus intramammary infection, then povidone-iodine appears to be the best of the two methods. No difference in total milk production between lactation one and two in either group was found, suggesting that permanent loss of a quarter was not detrimental to overall milk production.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cattle; Chlorhexidine; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Povidone-Iodine; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Protothecal mastitis has emerged and affected the dairy industries globally in last decades; however, little is known about the occurrence of. From 2011 to 2014, a total of 176. This report revealed for the first time the prevalence and the predominant. ZIEL: Mastitiden des Rindes, die durch Prototheken verursacht werden, treten weltweit auf und haben die Branche in den letzten Jahrzehnten belastet. Über das Vorkommen von Prototheken in Taiwan ist jedoch wenig bekannt. In der Studie wurden Prototheken aus Kuhmilch isoliert und die algizide Wirkung von 2 Desinfektionsmitteln bestimmt.. In den Jahren von 2011 bis 2014 wurden aus 10 625 Milchproben, die aus 24 Milchkuhbeständen in Taiwan stammten, 176 Protothekenisolate gewonnen. Insgesamt149 Isolate wurden letztendlich biochemisch identifiziert und weiterhin mit molekularbiologisch unterschiedlicher genotypspezifischer PCR-Systeme analysiert. Minimale Algizidkonzentrationen (MAC) von Chlorhexidin und Povidon-Jod wurden von 16 Isolaten durch Mikrodilution erhalten.. Diese Studie beschreibt zum ersten Mal die Inzidenz und den vorherrschenden

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chlorhexidine; Female; Herbicides; Infections; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Povidone-Iodine; Prevalence; Prototheca; Taiwan

Mastitis may result in physical, chemical and microbiological changes in milk and pathological lesions in the glandular tissue. Milk derived from cows with mastitis may become a cause of infections in humansw and animals.. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of selected dipping agents in the inactivation of several bacteria that may cause mastitis in cattle.. Three strains of each of the following species:. All the tested strains were genetically different. Most of them were susceptible to the studied antibiotics. Only two strains of. The results obtained may contribute to a reduction in udder infections in cows, especially mastitis, and improve the quality of the milk.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Cattle; Chlorhexidine; Dairying; Female; Iodine; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Povidone-Iodine

Bovine mastitis due to Prototheca zopfii leads to reduced milk production and is difficult to cure. Therefore, prevention is the best approach and this is best achieved through the use of effective disinfectants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro algaecide efficacy of conventional disinfectants against strains of P. zopfii genotype 1 and 2. The minimal algaecide concentration (MAC) of alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride, chlorhexidine, dioxide chlorine, povidone iodine and sodium hypochlorous acid against 10 isolates and the type strain (SAG2063(T)) of P. zopfii genotype 1 as well as 10 isolates and the type strain (SAG2021(T)) of P. zopfii genotype 2 were examined using the micro dilution method. This in vitro study indicated that alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine and sodium hypochlorous acid, but not dioxide chlorine, are effective against both genotypes of P. zopfii.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chlorhexidine; Chlorine Compounds; Disinfectants; Female; Genotype; Mastitis, Bovine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxides; Povidone-Iodine; Prototheca

The efficacies of 2 new teat dip formulations were tested against experimental challenge by contagious mastitis pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae over a 12-wk period. Formulations contained an iodine complex (0.5 or 1.0% iodine) and skin conditioning agents (propylene glycol, polyvinylpyrridone, glycerine, lanolin, allantoin, and aloe). Percentage reduction (dipped vs. control mammary quarters) in new contagious mastitis pathogen intramammary infections for the 0.5 and 1.0% iodine dips was 65.4 and 84.5, respectively. Both dips were significantly effective in reducing new contagious intramammary infections. Teat skin scores and teat end scores varied over time but were virtually identical for both treated and control teats, for both treatments. Thus, both dips were effective in reducing new contagious mastitis infections without untoward effects on teat skin condition.

Topics: Allantoin; Aloe; Animals; Cattle; Disinfectants; Emollients; Female; Glycerol; Iodine; Lanolin; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Povidone-Iodine; Propylene Glycol; Skin; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus agalactiae

Microspheres composed of biocompatible, biodegradable poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide (DL-PLGA) and Povidone-iodine were evaluated as an intramammary disinfectant delivery system in vitro prior to infusion into mammary glands. Microsphere was prepared by solvent evaporation method and particle size, morphology and in vitro release kinetics were examined. The microspheres were ranged in size from 25 microm to 155 microm (mean diameter = 65.7 microm). Povidone-iodine was dispersed on the surface of microsphere and microsphere was spherical in shape with a smooth surface. The yield of microsphere was 57.3% and the encapsulation efficiency was 69.6%. In in vitro release study, a burst effect (50.9%) was observed during the first two days and a sustained release then continued for the next 28 days. Results of the present study demonstrated that microsphere have the potential for new intramammary disinfectant formulations that can provide increased efficacy of therapy against mastitis pathogens.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Biocompatible Materials; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cattle; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Mastitis, Bovine; Microspheres; Particle Size; Povidone-Iodine

The effect of teat dipping with a barrier teat dip prior to parturition on intramammary infection (IMI) and clinical mastitis during the first 5 days post-partum was investigated in a split udder trial in 149 Holstein-Frisian heifers. Their left front and right hind quarters were dipped three times weekly (i.e. Monday, Wednesday and Friday) with a barrier teat dip containing 0.1% polyvidon iodine from day 260 of gestation until parturition. The opposite quarters (right front and left hind quarter) served as untreated control. Bacteria were isolated from 52.2% of quarter milk samples collected immediately after parturition prior to first machine milking. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were predominantly found in the samples (29.2 and 35.6% of the positive samples, respectively). At parturition 6.7% of the heifers showed signs of clinical mastitis and another 27.5% developed signs of clinical mastitis during the first five days of lactation. No significant differences were found between treated and control quarters regarding IMI and incidence of clinical mastitis. Teat dipping prior to parturition in primigravid dairy heifers did not improve udder health in this trial.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cattle; Female; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Postpartum Period; Povidone-Iodine; Pregnancy; Staphylococcus aureus

Nine postmilking teat dips were evaluated by an experimental challenge model against either Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, or both. Formulations containing .9 and .6% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium dichloro-s-triazene-trione, .55% chlorhexidine gluconate, and .35% povidone iodine reduced incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infections 56.8, 28.3, 75.9, 92.5, and 77.9%. Incidence of infections with Streptococcus agalactiae was reduced 48.1 and 63.2% by 1.7 and 1% sodium dichloro-s-triazene-trione formulations. The 1% chlorhexidine gluconate and .35% povidone iodine products reduced Streptococcus agalactiae infections 71.0 and 67.0%. Three experimental 1% iodophor formulations reduced Streptococcus agalactiae infections 28.9, 44.8, and 50.7%. The experimental challenge model was refined further and provided an efficient method to determine efficacy of postmilking teat dips.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Cattle; Chlorhexidine; Disinfectants; Drug Evaluation; Female; Iodophors; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Povidone-Iodine; Sodium Hypochlorite; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Triazines