povidone-iodine and Brain-Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term therapeutic efficacy of cranioplasty with autogenous bone flaps cryopreserved in povidone iodine and explore the risk factors for bone resorption. METHODS Clinical data and follow-up results of 188 patients (with 211 bone flaps) who underwent cranioplasty with autogenous bone flaps cryopreserved in povidone-iodine were retrospectively analyzed. Bone flap resorption was classified into 3 types according to CT features, including bone flap thinning (Type I), reduced bone density (Type II), and osteolysis within the flaps (Type III). The extent of bone flap resorption was graded as mild, moderate, or severe. RESULTS Short-term postoperative complications included subcutaneous or extradural seroma collection in 19 flaps (9.0%), epidural hematoma in 16 flaps (7.6%), and infection in 8 flaps (3.8%). Eight patients whose flaps became infected and had to be removed and 2 patients who died within 2 years were excluded from the follow-up analysis. For the remaining 178 patients and 201 flaps, the follow-up duration was 24-122 months (mean 63.1 months). In 93 (46.3%) of these 201 flaps, CT demonstrated bone resorption, which was classified as Type I in 55 flaps (59.1%), Type II in 11 (11.8%), and Type III in 27 (29.0%). The severity of bone resorption was graded as follows: no bone resorption in 108 (53.7%) of 201 flaps, mild resorption in 66 (32.8%), moderate resorption in 15 (7.5%), and severe resorption in 12 (6.0%). The incidence of moderate or severe resorption was higher in Type III than in Type I (p = 0.0008). The grading of bone flap resorption was associated with the locations of bone flaps (p = 0.0210) and fragmentation (flaps broken into 2 or 3 fragments) (p = 0.0009). The incidence of bone flap collapse due to bone resorption was higher in patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt implantation than in those who did not (p = 0.0091). CONCLUSIONS Because of the low incidence rates of infection and severe bone resorption, the authors conclude that cranioplasty with autogenous bone flaps cryopreserved in povidone-iodine solution is safe and effective. The changes characteristic of bone flap resorption became visible on CT scans about 2 months after cranioplasty and tended to stabilize at about 18 months postoperatively. The bone resorption of autogenous bone flap may be classified into 3 types. The rates of moderate and severe resorption were much higher in Type III than in Type I.

Topics: Adult; Bone Resorption; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Craniocerebral Trauma; Decompressive Craniectomy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Povidone-Iodine; Retrospective Studies; Skull; Surgical Flaps

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of betadine irrigation in preventing postoperative wound infection in cranial neurosurgical procedures.. A total of 473 consecutive cranial neurosurgical procedures, including craniotomies and burr hole procedures were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had either antibiotic irrigation or dilute betadine plus antibiotic irrigation prior to skin closure. Infection was determined by purulence noted on reoperation and confirmed with bacterial growth culture. One and three month postoperative infection rates were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-squared tests.. This study included 404 patients. Betadine was used in 117 (29.0%). At 1 month after surgery, there was no difference in the rate of wound infection between the two groups (1.7% each). However, at 90 days, the betadine group had a 2.6% infection rate compared with 3.8% in the antibiotic group, indicating a 33% decrease in infection rates with the addition of betadine (p=.527). The small sample size of the study produced a low power and high beta error.. In this small preliminary study, betadine decreased postoperative infection rates compared with antibiotic prophylaxis alone at 90 days but not 30 days. This was not statistically significant, but a larger sample size would lower the beta error and decrease confounding bias associated with group heterogeneity. The potential for betadine, a cheap, low toxicity antimicrobial, to decrease infection rates and reoperations for infection warrants a larger multicenter trial.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Brain Neoplasms; Craniotomy; Drug Costs; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosurgical Procedures; Povidone-Iodine; Surgical Wound Infection; Therapeutic Irrigation