potassium-iodate and Retinal-Diseases

Potassium iodate (KIO3) is an iodized salt used for iodine supplementation in areas endemic for goiter. KIO3 overdose in humans is rare. The authors report unusual cases of retinal toxicity from KIO3 overdose that caused acute vision loss.. The clinical manifestations, toxic dosage of iodate, and ocular changes in five patients who had taken a KIO3 overdose were analyzed. Electroretinography, visual evoked potential (VEP), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) were performed to study retinal function and changes.. Two men and three women (age 22-65 years) ingested KIO3 solution at a concentration between 187 and 470 mg/kg body weight. Visual acuity ranged from light perception with projection to counting fingers and decreased from 2 to 12 hours after ingestion. Fundus FA showed bilateral extensive areas of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) window defects, and electroretinography and VEP showed marked impairment of retinal function. Visual acuity improved from counting fingers to 20/80 in 3 months.. Potassium iodate can produce retinal toxicity that damages RPE and photoreceptor cells. The recovery of retinal function depends on the amount of chemical absorption, the regeneration of RPE, and the recovery function of photoreceptor cells.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Electroretinography; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Iodates; Male; Middle Aged; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Potassium Compounds; Prognosis; Retinal Diseases; Visual Acuity

A case of potassium iodate toxicity in a 22-year-old man was reported. After taking a solution of highly concentrated potassium iodate, the patient developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and blurred vision. The visual acuity was hand motion in both eyes. The funduscopic examination showed retinal edema with subsequent pigmentary change at the macula and retinal pigment clumping resembling retinitis pigmentosa. The fundus fluorescein angiography and electrophysiologic studies showed degenerative changes of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells.

Topics: Adult; Drug Overdose; Humans; Iodates; Male; Potassium Compounds; Retinal Diseases; Visual Acuity