polidocanol and Thyroid-Nodule

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous polidocanol injection (PPI) in treatment of predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.. This prospective study included 111 patients with 122 benign predominantly cystic thyroid nodules inducing pressure symptoms or cosmetic problems. The nodules were randomized to a single aspiration with (n = 61) or without (n = 61) subsequent PPI and followed up after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Ten patients (12 nodules) declined to follow up after aspiration in group 2. Nodule volumes, symptoms scores, and cosmetic scores were evaluated before and after treatment. The therapeutic success rate and safety of PPI for treatment of predominantly cystic thyroid nodules were also evaluated.. In the PPI group, the nodule volumes were reduced from 13.67 ± 9.90 to 2.60 ± 2.66 (p < .001). Therapeutic success rate (nodule volume reduction >50%) was obtained in 57 of 61 (93.44%) nodules in the PPI group, compared to seven of 49 (14.29%) in the aspiration group (p < .001). In the aspiration group, the nodule volume was not significantly reduced. The reduction in symptom scores was significantly higher in the PPI group (from 3.60 ± 1.65 to 1.60 ± 1.19) than in the aspiration group (from 3.62 ± 1.89 to 3.30 ± 1.06) (p < .001, between groups). The reduction in cosmetic scores showed a significant difference between groups (p < .001). In total, 4.92% of patients (3/61) in the PPI group and 85.71% (42/49) in the aspiration group showed recurrence during the follow-up period. There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between groups (p < .001). No major side-effects occurred.. US-guided PPI of benign recurrent predominantly cystic thyroid nodules is effective and safe. PPI is an important alternative to benign recurrent predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polidocanol; Polyethylene Glycols; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Sclerotherapy; Thyroid Nodule; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the short-term and long-term efficacy of sclerotherapy for cystic thyroid nodules.. Ninety-nine cystic thyroid nodules that underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, detection of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspirate (Tg-FNA), and ultrasound-guided percutaneous lauromacrogol injection were retrospectively enrolled from July 2018 to July 2021. All nodules were followed up at 3 and 12 months after the procedure. Factors related to lauromacrogol injection efficacy, including initial volume, vascularity, pathological types, and Tg-FNA level, were analyzed. The nodules were classified as non-effective (VRR <50%) and effective groups (VRR ≥50%) at 3 months to evaluate short-term prognosis, and non-cured (VRR <90%) and cured groups (VRR ≥90%) at 12 months to evaluate long-term prognosis.. The volume of cystic thyroid nodules tended to shrink during follow-up. The resolution rate was 79.80% (79/99) at 3 months and 96.91% (94/97) at 12 months. The cure rate was 80.41% (78/97) at 12 months. Independent factors for the long-term prognosis included Tg-FNA level and vascularity (P  < .05). Only Tg-FNA level was an independent factor for the short-term prognosis (P  < .05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for assessing the efficacy at 3 months was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.89). With a cutoff value of Tg-FNA 126.92 ng/mL, the specificity was 0.70, and the sensitivity was 0.85.. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lauromacrogol injection is an effective treatment option for cystic thyroid nodules. It is less effective in viscous or vascular predominantly cystic nodules.

Topics: Humans; Polidocanol; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Interventional

To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) and lauromacrogol injection for ablation (LIA) for benign predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.. In this retrospective study, 85 patients with predominantly cystic thyroid nodules (PCTNs) who underwent microwave ablation (MWA) or lauromacrogol injection for ablation (LIA) between June 2019 and August 2022 at three hospitals were included in our research. Forty-six patients were treated with microwave ablation, and thirty-nine patients were treated with lauromacrogol injection for ablation. The baseline characteristics, nodal volume, volume reduction rate (VRR), and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between these two groups.. After treatment, there were significant differences in the thyroid nodule volume and the volume reduction rate (VRR) at different follow-up times between the groups (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the nodal volume or the volume reduction rate (VRR) between the MWA group and the LIA group at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (p > 0.05). Of note, no serious intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in the corresponding group.. MWA and LIA are very effective and safe strategies for the treatment of predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. However, LIA is more advantageous in that it is less expensive and has a shorter length of hospital stay than MWA.

Topics: Humans; Microwaves; Polidocanol; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Nodule; Transforming Growth Factor beta

To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of lauromacrogol injection for ablation (LIA) of benign predominantly cystic thyroid nodules and its related factors.. A total of 142 benign predominantly cystic thyroid nodules (median volume, 12.5 mL; range, 0.4-156 mL) in 137 patients (male:female sex ratio, 36:101; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 49 ± 13 years) were treated with LIA after being confirmed as benign via cytology. The volume reduction rate (VRR) of the nodules and cosmetic score were evaluated during follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment and every 6 months thereafter. A VRR of ≥ 50% at the 12-month follow-up was considered to indicate effective treatment. The associations between the clinical factors and nodular ultrasound features, including the initial nodule volume, proportion of solid components, vascularity grade and ineffective treatment (VRR of < 50% at the 12-month follow-up), and regrowth were analyzed.. All patients completed follow-up for at least 12 months. The average ± SD follow-up period was 32 ± 11 months (range, 12-54 months). The effective treatment rate was 73.2% (104/142), while the regrowth rate was 12.0% (17/142) at the last follow-up. Grade 2-3 intranodular vascularity in the solid components of the nodules was the only independent factor associated with ineffective treatment, with an odds ratio (reference category, grade 0-1) of 3.054 (95% confidence interval, 1.148-8.127) (. LIA is an effective treatment for predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. Grade 2-3 intranodular vascularity in the solid components of nodules is the only independent risk factor for ineffective LIA.

Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Polidocanol; Prospective Studies; Radiofrequency Ablation; Thyroid Nodule; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a sequential treatment including percutaneous polidocanol sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in terms of volume reduction and complication rate in large, benign, partially cystic thyroid nodules with solid components.. From April 2017 to April 2019, 46 patients with 47 large benign partially cystic thyroid nodules underwent sequential treatment. There were 14 men and 32 women with a mean age of 49.9±11.5 (SD) years (range: 18-75 years). The volume of initial nodules was 12.7±12.3 (SD) mL (range: 2.16-75.62mL). Volume reduction after percutaneous polidocanol sclerotherapy and further RFA was evaluated respectively. Patients had clinical and ultrasound evaluations at a follow-up time of 12.1±5.3 (SD) months (range: 1.5-23.9 months). Technical success and complications were accessed retrospectively.. After unsatisfying results with polidocanol sclerotherapy alone the 46 patients with 47 large benign partially cystic thyroid nodules had further RFA. Mean volume reduction of 47 nodules was 90.5±11.3 (SD) % (range: 43.9-99.3%) one month after RFA, 94.9±6.2 (SD) % (range: 66.9-99.5%) three months after RFA, and 95.8±5.5 (SD) % (range: 71.0-99.8%) six months after RFA. No recurrence or nodule enlargement after RFA was observed at the last follow-up. The complication rate of RFA was 12.5% (8/46 patients), with minor complications only.. The sequential treatment regimen, including percutaneous polidocanol sclerotherapy and RFA, is an appropriate and safe treatment strategy for large benign partially cystic thyroid nodules with solid components.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Catheter Ablation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Polidocanol; Radiofrequency Ablation; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Nodule; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

We compared the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous polidocanol injection and percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of benign cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.. A total of 135 cystic thyroid nodules treated by percutaneous ethanol injection and 136 cystic thyroid nodules treated by percutaneous polidocanol injection were enrolled retrospectively in this study from May 2010 to March 2016. The nodules were followed after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Nodule volumes, symptoms scores, and cosmetic scores were assessed before treatment and at follow-up. The therapeutic success rate, safety, and cost-effectiveness between the groups were also compared.. No significant differences in the reduction of the nodule volume, volume reduction rate, and therapeutic success were observed between the groups with cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules during follow-up (P > .05). Neither the cosmetic scores (P = .59; P = .42) nor the symptom scores (P = .32; P = .73) in the cystic and predominantly cystic nodules were significantly different between the groups at the last follow-up. The complication rates for ethanol were higher than those for polidocanol (P < .05). However, the cost of polidocanol injection was higher than that of ethanol injection for cystic thyroid nodules (mean ± SD, US$97.18 ± US$22.17 versus US$43.36 ± US$5.51; P < .01).. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous polidocanol injection can be an alternative for sclerotherapy of cystic or predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. However, its cost was higher than that of percutaneous ethanol injection.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Ethanol; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Injections, Intralesional; Male; Middle Aged; Polidocanol; Polyethylene Glycols; Retrospective Studies; Sclerosing Solutions; Sclerotherapy; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Nodule; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Young Adult

The effects of lauromacrogol as a sclerosing agent were evaluated on rabbit thyroid tissue.. Twelve rabbits were divided into two equal groups. Intra-thyroid injections of 0.1 ml lauromacrogol were administered in the study group and 0.1 ml physiologic serum in the control group. The blood levels of free T3, free T4, TSH, postoperative adhesions and histopathologic differences of the thyroid tissues were evaluated.. The values of serum free T3, free T4 and TSH levels did not differ significantly (p>0.05), but the free T3 levels were significantly different in the inter-group analysis (p=0.020). Postoperative macroscopic adhesion scores did not differ significantly (p>0.05). In the histopathologic evaluation, the inflammation and fibrosis scores were significantly higher in the study group (p=0.003).. In our study, we found two important outcomes. Firstly, tests of thyroid function were not significantly different between the control and study groups. This important finding suggests lauromacrogol can be safely used without the risk of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Secondly, the Erlich-Hunt Model histopathologic evaluation results revealed that inflammation and fibrosis were significantly increased in the study group. This finding shows lauromacrogol can be effectively used to treat thyroid nodules by means of fibrosis.. Lauromacrogol causes fibrosis in thyroid tissue without significant perithyroidal adhesion formation and functional differences. Treatment of nodular thyroid disease with lauromacrogol may be safe.. Lauromacrogol, Nodule, Thyroid.. Lo studio è finalizzato al rilevamento degli effetti del lauromacroglo, un agente sclerosante, sul tessuto tiroideo del coniglio, utilizzando 12 conigli divisi in due gruppi di sei ciascuno. Nel gruppo di studio è stato iniettato nel tessuto tiorideo 0,1 ml di lauromacrogolo, ed in quello di controllo lo stesso volume di soluzione fisiologica. Al controllo postoperatorio sono stati valutati il tasso di FT3, FT4, TSH, la presenza di aderenze e le differenze istopatologiche dei tessuti tiroidei. Non sono risultate differenza significative nel livelli di FT3, FT4, TSH (p>0,05) ma i livelli di , la presenza di aderenze e le differenze istopatologiche dei tessuti tiroidei. Ai controlli i valori di FT3, FT4 ed TSH non sono risultati significativamente differenti (p>0,05), mentre i livelli di FT3 sono stati significativamente differenti all’interno dei due gruppi (p=0,20). Non sono state riscontrate differenze macroscopicamente significative delle aderenze postoperatorie (p>0,05), ma flogosi e fibrosi sono risultate istologicamente più elevate nel gruppo di studio (p=0,003). Due sono i risultati importanti dello studio: la differenza non signifcativa dei test di funzione tiroidea tra i due gruppi, suggerendo che il lauromacrogol può essere usato con sicurezza senza rischi di ipo- o ipertiroidismo; la valutazione istopatologica su modello Erlich-Hunt ha dimostrato che flogosi e fibrosi sono significativamente accresciute nel gruppo di studio, indicando che il lauromacrogol più essere usato efficacemente e con sicurezza per il trattamento dei noduli tiroidei per provocare fibrosi, senza significative aderenze peritiroidee e differenze della funzione.

Topics: Animals; Female; Polidocanol; Polyethylene Glycols; Rabbits; Sclerosing Solutions; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Nodule