pituitrin and Thyroid-Neoplasms

Since the approval of lithium use in treatment of acute mania, there have been numerous clinical trials of lithium in medical and psychiatric disorders. This paper gives a brief review of the literature on lithium trials in approximately fourteen medical conditions. These are: hyperthyroidism, metabolizing thyroid cancer, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, premenstrual tension syndrome, anorexia nervosa, Felty's syndrome, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, aplastic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, eczematoid dermatitis, cyclic vomiting, diabetes mellitus and asthma. Most of the case reports cited showed the efficacy of the side effects from lithium salt in the management of the symptoms and signs of these disorders, however, well-designed and controlled studies give negative results. The positive results are reported in the group of disorders having an underlying subdromal affective syndrome such as premenstrual tension syndrome and anorexia nervosa. Other encouraging reports include the effect of lithium to induce leucocytosis in Felty's syndrome and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Felty Syndrome; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hyperphagia; Hyperthyroidism; Lithium; Mental Disorders; Premenstrual Syndrome; Skin Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Calcitonin; Cattle; Female; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Rats; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

A variety of cells found in the pituitary and pineal glands, sympathetic nervous system and adrenal glands, the gut, pancreas, thyroid (C-cells), chemoreceptors (type I-Cells), lungs (P-cells), skin (melanocytes) and the urogenital tract have a common origin from the neural crest. These cells are programmed for neuro-endocrine function and, as a group, can be regarded as one of the physiological control systems. They secrete a variety of amine and peptide hormones and have common cytochemical characteristics from which the term APUD cell is derived. Tumours of these cells are referred to as 'apudomas' and may synthesise not only their own hormones but also those which are normally produced by other APUD cells. The relevant physiological properties of some of the peptides which have been described relatively recently are discussed and the principal clinical syndromes produced by the APUDomas are described.

Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; APUD Cells; Apudoma; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hormones; Humans; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Pheochromocytoma; Pituitary Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arginine; Biliary Tract Diseases; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Colonic Neoplasms; Cushing Syndrome; Erythropoietin; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Growth Hormone; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lactation Disorders; Lung Neoplasms; Luteinizing Hormone; Models, Biological; Neoplasms; Paraganglioma; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Polycythemia; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Gonadotropins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Hormone; Thymus Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Since the approval of lithium use in treatment of acute mania, there have been numerous clinical trials of lithium in medical and psychiatric disorders. This paper gives a brief review of the literature on lithium trials in approximately fourteen medical conditions. These are: hyperthyroidism, metabolizing thyroid cancer, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, premenstrual tension syndrome, anorexia nervosa, Felty's syndrome, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, aplastic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, eczematoid dermatitis, cyclic vomiting, diabetes mellitus and asthma. Most of the case reports cited showed the efficacy of the side effects from lithium salt in the management of the symptoms and signs of these disorders, however, well-designed and controlled studies give negative results. The positive results are reported in the group of disorders having an underlying subdromal affective syndrome such as premenstrual tension syndrome and anorexia nervosa. Other encouraging reports include the effect of lithium to induce leucocytosis in Felty's syndrome and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Felty Syndrome; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hyperphagia; Hyperthyroidism; Lithium; Mental Disorders; Premenstrual Syndrome; Skin Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

We achieved histological detection of the messenger RNAs coding for vasopressin, calcitonin, or calcitonin gene-related peptide by using biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotides, and defined the technical parameters enabling optimal detection of these mRNAs. Oligonucleotides labeled by fixation of one biotin at their 5' end or by addition of a biotin-11-dUTP tail at their 3' end can be used to detect mRNAs, although the latter are more sensitive. Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase revealed with nitroblue tetrazolium-bromo-chloro-indolyl phosphate as substrate makes possible detection of the biotinylated oligonucleotides. Increasing formaldehyde concentration in the fixative decreases the signal intensity; 1% formaldehyde fixation provides the most intense signal. Several controls, including those with addition of unlabeled oligonucleotides to the hybridization buffer, confirm the specificity of mRNA detection. The sensitivity of the biotinylated probes is identical or lower as compared to the corresponding radiolabeled oligonucleotides. Histological and subcellular resolution is greatly enhanced with biotinylated probes. The rat vasopressin probes stain magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and, under optimal conditions, parvocellular neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Vasopressin mRNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell bodies and in the roots of certain processes. Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA are found co-localized in the cytoplasm of the same tumor cells in human medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Topics: Animals; Biotin; Calcitonin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Carcinoma; Fixatives; Hypothalamus; Male; Neuropeptides; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotides; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Supraoptic Nucleus; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a known apudoma producing calcitonin, prostaglandins and serotonin. It can present itself as a familial or sporadic form or as part of a multiple endocrine adenomatosis. We present here the case of a patient admitted with a four-year history of diarrhea, enlargement of the thyroid and palpable lymph nodes in the right side of the neck. There was no uptake of 131I in the right lobe of the thyroid and the serum calcitonin levels were very high. With the diagnosis of MTC a total thyroidectomy mas performed developping within hours of the surgical procedure a picture of diabetes insipidus with 31 liters of urine output in the first 48 hours. It responded to vasopressin and disappeared spontaneously in two weeks. We have considered the different mechanisms that could explain the development of diabetes insipidus, and after failing to find one, we especulate at prostaglandins could play an important role in the synthesis and/or release of ADH. The sudden depletion of prostaglandins after removal of the neoplasm that produced them could account for the diabetes insipidus in our patient. We have not found any similar case described in the literature. We call attention to the need for a close postoperative observation of patients operated for MTC for the possible onset of diabetes insipidus.

Topics: Adult; Apudoma; Diabetes Insipidus; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Vasopressins

Topics: Diabetes Insipidus; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperpituitarism; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Lithium; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gonadotropins; Growth Hormone; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Pituitary Hormones; Sex Factors; Thymus Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin; Urogenital Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Biological Assay; Calcitonin; Carcinoma; Depression, Chemical; Dexamethasone; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Parathyroid Hormone; Radioimmunoassay; Secretory Rate; Stimulation, Chemical; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenalectomy; Androgens; Androstanols; Breast Neoplasms; Estrogens; Female; Hirsutism; Hormones; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypertension; Hypophysectomy; Male; Nandrolone; Norethindrone; Ovarian Neoplasms; Progesterone; Prostatic Neoplasms; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Biological Assay; Calcitonin; Carcinoma; Chickens; Humans; Immune Sera; Iodine Isotopes; Methods; Oxytocin; Parathyroid Hormone; Radioimmunoassay; Swine; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tissue Extracts; Vasopressins