pituitrin and Respiratory-Distress-Syndrome--Newborn

Topics: Animals; Epinephrine; Ethanol; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Labor Onset; Lactation; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Ritodrine; Sheep; Uterine Contraction; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Alkalosis, Respiratory; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Collagen Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gonadotropins; Hematologic Diseases; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Microscopy, Electron; Neuromuscular Diseases; Neurotransmitter Agents; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Pulmonary Edema; Pulmonary Embolism; Pulmonary Emphysema; Rats; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Skin Diseases; Syndrome; Vasopressins

The concentrations of aldosterone, vasopressin and plasma renin activity were measured in cord blood and on days 1, 3 and 5 of life in 71 newborn infants from the risk group at the development of critical conditions. Vasopressin was discovered to play a substantial role in the development of critical conditions. The lack of a considerable vasopressin ejection in response to a delivery trouble and the growth of its concentration by day 5 of life are prognostically unfavourable. Hyperactivity of the renin-aldosterone system determines the newborns' proneness to liquid and sodium retention.

Topics: Aldosterone; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Female; Fetal Blood; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Homeostasis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Renin; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Vasopressins

We investigated the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) response in 12 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia during acute respiratory distress. All of the infants had hypoxemia with air-trapping in the chest at the time of admission to the hospital. None had documented infection. There was a dramatic increase in the plasma levels of ADH during acute respiratory distress, with a subsequent reduction of levels toward normal when the respiratory distress decreased to the preadmission well state. Three of 12 infants manifested hyponatremia at 24 hours after admission, with two of them exhibiting persistent hypertension for up to three days. The mechanism for elevated ADH levels is air-trapping in the chest, causing pulmonary hypovolemia and decreased left atrial filling and/or decreased transmural pressure of the left atrium.

Topics: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hyponatremia; Hypoxia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Vasopressins

Vasopressin concentrations were measured in the cord blood of thirty infants, thirteen delivered vaginally and seventeen by Caesarean section. There was no correlation with maternal values but the concentration following vaginal delivery (13.5 microunits/ml +/- 7.9 SD) was significantly higher than that following Caesarean section (4.2 microunits/ml +/- 6.6 SD). Gestational age did not affect the concentrations, which fell during the first week of life and then rose gradually in term and pre-term infants. High levels were found in seven sick babies. There was no correlation in the first 3 weeks of life between plasma vasopressin and plasma or urine osmolality in well and sick babies.

Topics: Cesarean Section; Female; Fetal Blood; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Osmolar Concentration; Pregnancy; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Sodium; Vasopressins

A systematic study has been undertaken to improve the understanding of water regulation in premature babies who are artificially ventilated. Thirty nine premature babies, 16 normal (Group N, GA 31.4 weeks, B/W 1622 g) and 23 with respiratory distress syndrome who were ventilated with or without continuous positive pressure (Group V, GA 31 weeks, BW 1505 g) have been studied. Plasma osmolalities were the same in both groups (284 and 282 mosM/Kg H2O) but there were significant differences (p less than 0.001) between the urine osmolalities N = 150.6 +/- 19.6 V = 294 +/- 25.9 mosM/Kg H2O) and the plasma ADH levels of the two groups (N = 2.9 +/- 0.4 pg/ml, V = 12.2 +/- 2.4 pg/ml). There was a significant correlation between the urine osmolality and the plasma ADH level but not between plasma osmolality and the plasma ADH level. Several hypotheses can be proposed but none are satisfactory.

Topics: Humans; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Vasopressins

Topics: Humans; Hyponatremia; Infant, Newborn; Natriuresis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Vasopressins