pituitrin and Premenstrual-Syndrome

Premenstrual changes (PMCs) in mood and behavior are very prevalent. Nonetheless, their pathophysiology is still obscure and no proven treatment is yet available. Evaluation of the plethora of available data leads to the suggestion that PMCs may result from a temporary impairment of homeostasis among a multitude of systems. This impairment is triggered by a differential pace and magnitude of change-over-time in levels of several hormones and other substances during the luteal phase.

Topics: Dietary Carbohydrates; Endorphins; Female; Homeostasis; Hormones; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Menstrual Cycle; Mineralocorticoids; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prolactin; Prostaglandins; Thyroid Gland; Vasopressins

Premenstrual changes (PMCs) in mood and behavior are very prevalent. Nonetheless, their pathophysiology is still obscure and no proven treatment is yet available. Evaluation of the plethora of available data leads to the suggestion that PMCs may result from a temporary impairment of homeostasis among a multitude of systems. This impairment is triggered by a differential pace and magnitude of change-over-time in levels of several hormones and other substances during the luteal phase.

Topics: Endorphins; Female; Homeostasis; Hormones; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Neurosecretory Systems; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prolactin; Prostaglandins; Time Factors; Vasopressins

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has gained much attention in the past few years. Despite the many studies that have attempted to determine the underlying biochemical changes in the syndrome and the larger number of studies attempting to evaluate treatment, we are really no wiser about PMS now than when the syndrome was described originally. The literature has been plagued by uncontrolled therapeutic trials, poorly conducted biochemical and endocrinologic studies and enthusiastic but unsubstantiated anecdotes. This review cannot hope to provide the answers since the background information is not yet established. However, providing an overview of current and past theories of the etiology and treatment regimens should enable the clinician and researcher to place new ideas and publications in perspective and to avoid many of the pitfalls of previous studies.

Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Body Water; Body Weight; Contraceptives, Oral; Diuretics; Endorphins; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progesterone; Progesterone Congeners; Prolactin; Prostaglandins; Renin-Angiotensin System; Sodium; Vasopressins; Vitamins

Since the approval of lithium use in treatment of acute mania, there have been numerous clinical trials of lithium in medical and psychiatric disorders. This paper gives a brief review of the literature on lithium trials in approximately fourteen medical conditions. These are: hyperthyroidism, metabolizing thyroid cancer, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, premenstrual tension syndrome, anorexia nervosa, Felty's syndrome, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, aplastic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, eczematoid dermatitis, cyclic vomiting, diabetes mellitus and asthma. Most of the case reports cited showed the efficacy of the side effects from lithium salt in the management of the symptoms and signs of these disorders, however, well-designed and controlled studies give negative results. The positive results are reported in the group of disorders having an underlying subdromal affective syndrome such as premenstrual tension syndrome and anorexia nervosa. Other encouraging reports include the effect of lithium to induce leucocytosis in Felty's syndrome and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Felty Syndrome; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hyperphagia; Hyperthyroidism; Lithium; Mental Disorders; Premenstrual Syndrome; Skin Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Since the approval of lithium use in treatment of acute mania, there have been numerous clinical trials of lithium in medical and psychiatric disorders. This paper gives a brief review of the literature on lithium trials in approximately fourteen medical conditions. These are: hyperthyroidism, metabolizing thyroid cancer, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, premenstrual tension syndrome, anorexia nervosa, Felty's syndrome, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, aplastic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, eczematoid dermatitis, cyclic vomiting, diabetes mellitus and asthma. Most of the case reports cited showed the efficacy of the side effects from lithium salt in the management of the symptoms and signs of these disorders, however, well-designed and controlled studies give negative results. The positive results are reported in the group of disorders having an underlying subdromal affective syndrome such as premenstrual tension syndrome and anorexia nervosa. Other encouraging reports include the effect of lithium to induce leucocytosis in Felty's syndrome and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Felty Syndrome; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hyperphagia; Hyperthyroidism; Lithium; Mental Disorders; Premenstrual Syndrome; Skin Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: beta-Endorphin; Endorphins; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progesterone; Prolactin; Vasopressins

Topics: Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Vasopressins

Both vasopressin and PGF2 alpha are effective uterine stimulants in the non-pregnant human uterus, especially around the onset of menstruation. In order to clarify the relationship of these hormones to menstrual pain, plasma concentrations of vasopressin and two prostaglandin metabolites (15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha and 11-ketotetranor PGF metabolites) were measured in serial blood samples taken premenstrually and during menstruation. Five women with premenstrual pain gave 7-9 blood samples at intervals of 30 minutes on the day preceding the onset of menstruation. From 5 women with severe primary dysmenorrhea a corresponding series of blood samples were taken during the first day of menstruation. Two groups of 5 women with no symptoms served as controls, either premenstrually or during menstruation. In the women with premenstrual pain the vasopressin concentrations were significantly higher than in the corresponding control group. Even higher and markedly fluctuating vasopressin levels were found in the women with dysmenorrhea who, in general, had more intense pain than the women with premenstrual symptoms. In the group with dysmenorrhea there was also a significant rise in plasma concentration of the PG metabolites. No such increase was seen in the group with premenstrual pain. It is concluded that the pathophysiology of premenstrual pain could imply increased vasopressin secretion. The more severe pain in primary dysmenorrhea seems to be the result of a combined effect of vasopressin and PGF2 alpha.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dinoprost; Dysmenorrhea; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Osmolar Concentration; Pain; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progesterone; Prostaglandins F; Vasopressins

Urinary arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) excretion were measured by radioimmunoassay and studied in 3 normally cycling women. No difference for AVP and OT excretion was found between the different phases of the menstrual cycle. But in one subject with a typical pre-menstrual syndrom (weight gain of 1.5 kg), a significant statistical difference was found in AVP excretion (p less than 0.05) between the pre-ovulatory (25.3 +/- 3.08 ng/24 h) and the post-ovulatory (39.45 +/- 5.59 ng/24 h) phase. The well known stimulatory effect of estrogen as judged from plasma studies on neurohypophyseal hormones was thus difficult to demonstrate in urine. These results could be explained by the fact that the kidney destroys both AVP and OT, but OT at a higher rate than AVP.

Topics: Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Menstruation; Oxytocin; Premenstrual Syndrome; Radioimmunoassay; Vasopressins

Topics: Amphetamine; Amyl Nitrite; Atropine; Edema; Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Myxedema; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Premenstrual Syndrome; Sodium Chloride; Vasopressins

Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Arginine Vasopressin; Biomedical Research; Estrogens; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypernatremia; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progesterone; Progestins; Toxicology; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Epilepsy; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Hydantoins; Intellectual Disability; Mental Disorders; Mentally Ill Persons; Nitrates; Potassium; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progesterone; Schizophrenia; Thyroid Hormones; Tranquilizing Agents; Vasopressins