pituitrin and Muscular-Diseases

Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Electrolytes; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Magnesium; Muscular Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Vasopressins

The stress response to surgery, critical illness, trauma, and burns encompasses derangements of metabolic and physiological processes that induce perturbations in the inflammatory, acute phase, hormonal, and genomic responses. Hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism result, leading to muscle wasting, impaired immune function and wound healing, organ failure, and death. The surgery-induced stress response is largely similar to that triggered by traumatic injuries; the duration of the stress response, however, varies according to the severity of injury (surgical or traumatic). This spectrum of injuries and insults ranges from small lacerations to severe insults such as large poly-traumatic and burn injuries. Burn injuries provide an extreme model of trauma induced stress responses that can be used to study the long-term effects of a prolonged stress response. Although the stress response to acute trauma evolved to confer improved chances of survival following injury, in modern surgical practice the stress response can be detrimental.

Topics: Burns; Critical Illness; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Muscular Diseases; Stress, Physiological; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Vasopressins; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is released in response to depletion of the effective circulating blood volume. Endurance horses might develop exhaustion because loss of water and electrolytes in sweat with hypovolaemia and electrolytes abnormalities. Therefore, AVP should act in the control of volemia in these animals. This research evaluates the differences in AVP, hydration, electrolyte status and serum muscle enzymes in successful endurance horses in comparison with those eliminated from the competition because of exhaustion. Eighteen endurance horses, divided into two groups, successful (n = 13) and eliminated at the vet-gates because of exhaustion, dehydration and/or lack of recovery of heart rate (n = 5), were studied during a competition of 76.2 km. Jugular venous blood samples were collected before the event (BF), and at the vet-gates, at 30 km (PH1), 53.6 km (PH2) and at the end (PH3). Endurance exercise in successful horses induced significant increases from BF in Na at PH1, in Mg, CK, LDH at PH2 and microhaematocrit (MHT), total serum proteins (TSP), albumin (ALB), creatinine (CREAT) and lactate (LA) at PH3, together with a decreased in Cl at PH2 and Ca at PH3. Exhausted horses had higher MHT, Na, Ca, TSP, CREAT, LA, and AVP than successful at PH2 and PH3, whereas Cl was lower in exhausted horses. Velocity during the ride was higher in the exhausted group. These results indicate that exhausted endurance horses have laboratorial findings corresponding with a deeper dehydration and increased release of AVP. Therefore, this parameter could be used as a biomarker of early exhaustion and hypovolaemia. Additionally, AVP does not appear to be affected by exercise velocity or covered distance in successful horses.

Topics: Animals; Female; Horses; Male; Muscular Diseases; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sports; Vasopressins; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Guanidines; Humans; Hyponatremia; Male; Muscular Diseases; Osmolar Concentration; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyponatremia; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Muscular Diseases; Muscular Dystrophies; Osmolar Concentration; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Dehydration; Diet Therapy; Diuretics; Ethanol; Humans; Hypernatremia; Male; Muscular Diseases; Natriuresis; Osmolar Concentration; Paralysis; Potassium; Sodium; Vasopressins; Water Intoxication

Triamcinolone acetonide was administered in excessive dosage to dogs to study the renal mechanism responsible for polyuria which is a clinically undesirable side effect of long term glucocorticoid therapy.Polyuria occurred coincident with a significant increase in urinary solute output. Although continuous administration of triamcinolone acetonide at 0.1 or 0.2 mg/lb/day caused a small but significant increase in creatinine output, the primary mechanism for the polyuria was increased solute excretion. Associated with the polyuria was pronounced hyperphagia and polydipsia. The cause of the hyperphagia was not established. The increase in electrolyte excretion caused by this synthetic steroid was probably compensated for by the hyperphagia. Because all the dogs showed muscle weakness and loss of body condition, it is likely that alteration in protein and amino acid metabolism was responsible for the hyperphagia.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diuresis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Muscular Diseases; Polyuria; Potassium; Sodium; Thirst; Time Factors; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Vasopressins

Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Electromyography; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hyponatremia; Hypoventilation; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Vasopressins

Topics: Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hyponatremia; Hypoventilation; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Myositis; Vasopressins

Topics: Afibrinogenemia; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Bone Diseases; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Collagen Diseases; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Fibrinolysis; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lung Neoplasms; Muscular Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic; Pathology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Spinal Cord; Thrombophlebitis; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins

Topics: Diabetes Insipidus; Heredity; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Muscular Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Vasopressins