pituitrin and Infertility--Female

Topics: Animals; Castration; Contraception; Epinephrine; Estrogens; Estrus; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Humans; Infertility; Infertility, Female; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Norepinephrine; Ovulation; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins; Rabbits; Spermatozoa; Testosterone; Uterus; Vasopressins

The myometrial hyperactivity and reduced uterine blood flow of primary dysmenorrhea is to a large extent caused by increased vasopressin secretion. A new therapeutic approach for this condition is to develop antagonists of uterine vasopressin V1a receptors. We studied a test model of vasopressin-induced dysmenorrhea in healthy, sterilized women and compared responses against those in dysmenorrheic subjects.. Eight women with primary dysmenorrhea and eight sterilized, healthy women participated in recordings of intrauterine pressure and experienced pain on days 1-2 of two menstruations. We tried to identify biochemical markers in plasma of uterine ischemia. Furthermore, the effects of repeated bolus injections of 10 pmol/kg b w of vasopressin or placebo on these parameters were assessed.. The vasopressin injections caused statistically significant increases in the area under the intrauterine pressure curve (AUC) in both healthy volunteers and patients with dysmenorrhea, the overall responses being greater in healthy volunteers. The experienced pain measured by visual analog scale in individual dysmenorrheic subjects tended to show higher maximal post-dose scores for the vasopressin injections than for placebo. Maximum visual analog scale scores and maximum AUCs in individual subjects tended to be related. Mean creatine kinase MB levels were higher in women with dysmenorrhea than in healthy subjects both before and after vasopressin administration, the converse being observed for C-reactive protein levels.. The present model appears to be useful for evaluating new drugs for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pain Measurement; Placebos; Pressure; Uterus; Vasopressins

Preventing reproduction during nutritional deprivation is an adaptive process that is conserved and essential for the survival of species. In mammals, the mechanisms that inhibit fertility during starvation are complex and incompletely understood. Here we show that exposure of female mice to fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a fasting-induced hepatokine, mimics infertility secondary to starvation. Mechanistically, FGF21 acts on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus to suppress the vasopressin-kisspeptin signaling cascade, thereby inhibiting the proestrus surge in luteinizing hormone. Mice lacking the FGF21 co-receptor, β-Klotho, in the SCN are refractory to the inhibitory effect of FGF21 on female fertility. Thus, FGF21 defines an important liver-neuroendocrine axis that modulates female reproduction in response to nutritional challenge.

Topics: Animals; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Hypothalamus; Infertility, Female; Kisspeptins; Klotho Proteins; Luteinizing Hormone; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Proestrus; Reproduction; Signal Transduction; Starvation; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Amenorrhea; Diabetes Insipidus; Dwarfism, Pituitary; Female; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Female; Insemination, Artificial; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Vasopressins

Women with uterine fibromyomas may suffer from dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia or infertility, which all may be due to an effect of the fibroids on uterine activity. The effect of myomectomy on uterine contractility is unknown.. In women undergoing myomectomy because of dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia or infertility, intrauterine pressure was recorded before and three months after the operation on corresponding days of the menstrual cycle. Records were obtained during spontaneous uterine activity as well as after oxytocin and vasopressin challenge by intravenous bolus injections of 10 pmol/kg body weight. The area under the recording curve (AUC), maximal amplitude of uterine contractions and deformation index of uterine pressure recordings were measured.. In six women, in whom recordings could be obtained before and after operation on corresponding days of late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the AUC and maximal amplitude of contractions increased after myomectomy. The effect of oxytocin injection also varied, whereas no difference was seen in effect of vasopressin.. It is suggested that women with uterine fibromyomas may have disturbed uterine spontaneous contractions and responsiveness, which may be regulated by myomectomy.

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Infertility, Female; Leiomyoma; Oxytocin; Uterine Contraction; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus; Vasopressins

Simultaneous vasopressin concentrations in the preovulatory follicular fluid and plasma were determined for 12 patients with tubal infertility. Nine of the patients received clomiphene citrate, 100 mg daily, on cycle days 5 through 9. On the 11th day of the cycle, 5000 IU of hCG was given intramuscularly. At laparoscopy the ovarian follicles were aspirated 36 hours after hCG injection. For three patients the follicle aspiration was performed at laparotomy during the 11th-14th days of the normal cycle. In all these cases the vasopressin concentration in plasma exceeded markedly that in the follicular fluid. In the patients undergoing laparoscopy the vasopressin concentration in the follicular fluid was 11.2 +/- 8.2 pg/ml and that in plasma 17.3 +/- 22.0 pg/ml. It is most probable that the hormone enters fluid from the plasma.

Topics: Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clomiphene; Estradiol; Fallopian Tube Diseases; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Infertility, Female; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Vasopressins

Topics: Abdomen; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Laparoscopy; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; Pressure; Vasopressins

A patient with diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism developed anovular menstrual cycles. Ovulation, which was followed by pregnancy, was induced by the administration of clomiphene. In the later stages of pregnancy, an increase in the dosage of vasopressin was necessary to achieve a satisfactory control of the symptoms of diabetes insipidus. Labour was induced before the estimated date of confinement by the intravenous administration of oxytocin and an intra-partum haemorrhage necessitated delivery by the lower-segment caesarean section. The post-partum period was uneventful. Lactation was suppressed on request from the patient.

Topics: Adult; Anovulation; Clomiphene; Diabetes Insipidus; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infertility, Female; Labor, Induced; Ovulation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Bromocriptine; Clomiphene; Diabetes Insipidus; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hyperpituitarism; Hypogonadism; Hypopituitarism; Infertility, Female; Male; Pituitary Diseases; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Neoplasms; Prolactin; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cortisone; Craniopharyngioma; Desoxycorticosterone; Estrogens; Female; Gestational Age; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Hypophysectomy; Hypopituitarism; Infertility, Female; Menopause; Ovulation; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnanediol; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Clomiphene; Diabetes Insipidus; Ergonovine; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Labor, Induced; Ovulation; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Vasopressins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Craniopharyngioma; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypopituitarism; Infertility, Female; Male; Ovulation; Pituitary Function Tests; Pregnancy; Vasopressins