pituitrin and Hypercalcemia

Topics: Acromegaly; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Blood Glucose; Calcitonin; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cushing Syndrome; Dexamethasone; Female; Galactorrhea; Gene Expression Regulation; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lymphokines; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Peptide Biosynthesis; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Prolactin; Prostaglandins; Transforming Growth Factors; Vasopressins; Vitamin D

Topics: ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aged; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Male; Middle Aged; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Medulla; Polyuria; Renal Circulation; Sodium; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cushing Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Vasopressins

The clinical manifestations of drug-induced renal disease may include all the manifestations attributed to natural or spontaneous renal diseases such as acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, acute nephritic syndrome, renal colic, haematuria, selective tubular defects, obstructive nephropathy, etc. It is therefore vital in any patient with renal disease whatever the clinical manifestations might be, to obtain a meticulous drug and toxin inventory. Withdrawal of the offending drug may result in amelioration or cure of the renal disorder although in the case of severe renal failure it may be necessary to utilise haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to tide the patient over the period of acute renal failure. Analgesic nephropathy is an important cause of terminal chronic renal failure and it is therefore vital to make the diagnosis as early as possible. The pathogenesis of some drug-induced renal disorders appears to be immunologically mediated. There are many other pathogenetic mechanisms involved in drug-induced renal disorders and some drugs may under appropriate circumstances be responsible for a variety of different nephrotoxic effects. For example, the sulphonamides have been incriminated in examples of crystalluria, acute interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, generalised hypersensitivity reactions, polyarteritis nodosa and drug-induced lupus erythematosus.

Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesics; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Immune System Diseases; Kidney Calculi; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute; Necrosis; Nephrosis; Nephrotic Syndrome; Potassium Deficiency; Proteins; Tetracyclines; Ureteral Diseases; Ureteral Obstruction; Urologic Neoplasms; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Calcitonin; Erythropoietin; Gonadotropins; Growth Hormone; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypoglycemia; Neoplasms; Neurophysins; Oxytocin; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Peptides; Placental Lactogen; Prolactin; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors, Cell Surface; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cushing Syndrome; Erythropoietin; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Hormones, Ectopic; Hypercalcemia; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Neurologic Manifestations; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Polycythemia; Prostaglandins E; Somatomedins; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Enzymes; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Placental Hormones; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arginine Vasopressin; beta-Lipotropin; Calcitonin; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gonadotropins; Growth Hormone; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Lung Neoplasms; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Neurophysins; Osteomalacia; Oxytocin; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Placental Lactogen; Prolactin; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cushing Syndrome; Dexamethasone; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lomustine; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mechlorethamine; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neostigmine; Parathyroid Hormone; Smoking; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adult; Carcinoid Heart Disease; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Hyponatremia; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arginine; Biliary Tract Diseases; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Colonic Neoplasms; Cushing Syndrome; Erythropoietin; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Growth Hormone; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lactation Disorders; Lung Neoplasms; Luteinizing Hormone; Models, Biological; Neoplasms; Paraganglioma; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Polycythemia; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Bronchial Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Erythropoietin; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Growth Hormone; Histocytochemistry; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neurophysins; Oxytocin; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Placental Lactogen; Prolactin; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Adolescent; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Child, Preschool; Cushing Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyponatremia; Kidney Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Renin; Sodium Chloride; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Affective Symptoms; Animals; Asthma; Caffeine; Calcitonin; Calcium; Catecholamines; Circadian Rhythm; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diabetes Insipidus; Glucagon; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypocalcemia; Hypoparathyroidism; Insulin; Organ Specificity; Parathyroid Hormone; Psoriasis; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diagnosis, Differential; Diuresis; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyponatremia; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Diseases; Natriuresis; Osmolar Concentration; Urologic Diseases; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Acanthosis Nigricans; Carcinoid Tumor; Carotid Body Tumor; Catecholamines; Cushing Syndrome; Dermatomyositis; Endocrine System Diseases; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Neoplasms; Neuromuscular Diseases; Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Polycythemia; Puberty, Precocious; Syndrome; Toxins, Biological; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Gastrins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypoglycemia; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Hormone; Precancerous Conditions; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Insulin; Luteinizing Hormone; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Hormone; Polycythemia; Puberty, Precocious; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Extracellular Space; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperkalemia; Hypernatremia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypokalemia; Kidney; Magnesium; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Aldosterone; Amino Acids; Blood Circulation; Citrates; Creatine; Creatinine; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Electrophysiology; Enzymes; Hippurates; Hypercalcemia; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; Lactates; Pharmacology; Potassium; Research; Sodium; Sulfonamides; Urine; Vasopressins; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Our human observational study showed that elevated arginine vasopressin levels by heavy exercise, not catecholamines, were associated with elevated serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b). The increase in serum calcium was positively associated with percent changes of TRACP-5b, implying the involvement of bone resorption in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced hypercalcemia.. It remains unclear whether enhanced bone resorption explains exercise-induced hypercalcemia. An experimental study demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP) stimulated osteoclast activity.. We conducted a prospective observational study, enrolling 65 trained healthy male officers of the Japan Self-Defense Forces (34 and 31 in waves 1 and 2, respectively). Before and after a 5-h heavy exercise, we collected laboratory data including bone markers, symptoms, and ionized calcium (iCa; wave 2 only). As blood calcium levels change after exercise, we estimated calcium (corrected calcium) levels immediately after the exercise using the correlation between blood calcium and time from the end of exercise in another cohort.. Body weight decreased by 6.9% after the exercise. Corrected post-exercise serum total calcium (tCa) and iCa levels were significantly higher than pre-exercise levels, and 18% of participants showed hypercalcemia defined as corrected tCa >10.4 mg/dL or iCa >1.30 mmol/L. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), plasma three fractions of catecholamines, and AVP elevated significantly (median 14.3 pg/mL), while procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide and whole parathyroid hormone showed significant decreases. Corrected tCa increase showed a non-linear positive association with percent changes of TRACP-5b (%ΔTRACP-5b) even after adjustment for confounders. In addition, %ΔTRACP-5b was not associated with catecholamines, but with post-exercise AVP levels after adjustment for pre-exercise TRACP-5b. Symptoms of nausea or vomiting (observed in 20%) were positively associated with corrected post-exercise iCa after adjustment for post-exercise blood pH.. AVP elevation may explain bone resorption and the following hypercalcemia in the setting of heavy exercise.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Isoenzymes; Male; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vasopressins

A 57-year-old woman with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) was hospitalized because of fever and fatigue. On admission, increased inflammatory response and pyuria with bacteriuria were observed. Pyelonephritis was successfully treated with antibiotics, whereas her fatigue continued and she developed progressive hypercalcemia and hyponatremia; serum sodium level, 116 mEq/L and corrected serum calcium level, 13.4 mg/dL. Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol and serum luteinizing hormone were under the detection level. Although the reaction of other anterior pituitary hormones and the serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was preserved, the response of serum luteinizing hormone to administration of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone was impaired. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no structural abnormality in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. She was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency caused by partial hypopituitarism in concomitant with pyelonephritis. After starting hydrocortisone replacement, serum levels of sodium and calcium were rapidly normalized. This case highlights the importance of adrenal insufficiency as a differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia in patients with pre-dialysis CKD, especially when hyponatremia was concomitantly observed. Besides, infection should be considered as an important trigger for the development of latent adrenal insufficiency since it could increase the physiological demand of corticosteroid in the body. Also, CKD may enhance the magnitude of hypercalcemia since CKD patients have decreased capacity to increase urinary calcium excretion.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Insufficiency; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Diagnosis, Differential; Dialysis; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypercalcemia; Hyponatremia; Hypopituitarism; Luteinizing Hormone; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Pyelonephritis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Treatment Outcome; Vasopressins

Loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) result in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), causing hypercalcemia with high normal or elevated parathyroid hormone levels. The CASR may also influence electrolyte and water homeostasis. It is unknown whether FHH affects cardiovascular health. We, therefore investigated whether FHH is associated with changes in the regulation of the cardiovascular system by measuring 24-h blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness and vasoactive hormones.. Cross-sectional study comparing 50 patients with FHH to age- and gender-matched controls.. Studied subjects (69% women) had a mean age of 56years. A similar number of patients and controls (33%) were on treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Overall, no differences were found between groups in 24-h ambulatory BP or pulse wave velocity. However, compared with controls, diastolic BP during nighttime was lower in FHH females (60±5 vs 66±9mmHg, P<0.01) and higher in FHH males (69±6 vs 64±5mmHg, P=0.02). FHH was associated with a significantly higher plasma osmolality (P<0.01), higher plasma levels of vasopressin (P<0.01) and a higher renal excretion of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) (P=0.03), whereas urine aquaporin-2 and plasma sodium, aldosterone and renin did not differ between groups. FHH patients had a lower urinary volume with an increased osmolality if analyses were restricted to those not on treatments with antihypertensive drugs.. FHH does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of CVD.

Topics: Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; Renin; Sodium; Vascular Stiffness; Vasopressins

To investigate how hypercalcemia blunts renal concentrating ability, alterations in basal and arginine vasopressin (AVP)-elicited osmotic water (Pf) and urea (Purea) permeabilities were measured in isolated perfused terminal inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) from control and chronically hypercalcemic rats after dihydrotachysterol (DHT) (M. Levi, L. Peterson, and T. Berl. Kidney Int. 23: 489-497, 1983) treatment. The IMCD Pf of DHT-treated rats did not increase significantly after AVP and was accompanied by a significant 87 +/- 4% reduction in aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) protein but not mRNA. In contrast, both basal and AVP-elicited IMCD Purea from DHT rats were significantly increased and accompanied by a significant 41 +/- 11% increase in AVP-regulated urea transporter protein content. Immunoblotting with anti-calcium/polyvalent cation-sensing receptor protein (CaR) antiserum revealed specific alterations in CaR bands in endosomes purified from the apical membranes of inner medulla of DHT rats. These data are the first detailed analyses of hypercalcemia-induced alterations in AVP-regulated permeabilities and membrane transporters in IMCD. We conclude that selective alterations in IMCD transport occur in hypercalcemia, permitting the body to dispose of excess calcium without forming calcium-containing renal stones.

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Endosomes; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hypercalcemia; Kidney Medulla; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Vasopressin; Urea; Vasopressins; Water

Topics: Animals; Bufonidae; Hypercalcemia; Kidney Tubules; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Polyuria; Rabbits; Rats; Vasopressins

Plasma vasopressin was measured by radioimmunoassay in eight normal subjects and in six patients with hypercalcaemia. Vasopressin levels were significantly elevated in the hypercalcaemic patients, although urine osmolalities were lower than in controls. This finding is consistent with a renal resistance to the action of endogenous vasopressin in hypercalcaemia.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcium; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; beta-Lipotropin; Calcitonin; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Growth Hormone; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypoglycemia; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Vasopressins

The present experiments examined the role of prostaglandin biosynthesis in the increase in urine flow rate seen in rats with hypercalcemia induced by the administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. In a first group, rats receiving the vitamin D metabolite developed hypercalcemia, polyuria, and increased urine prostaglandin E excretion. Indomethacin resulted in a fall in urine prostaglandin E excretion. A second group was fluid restricted to ascertain whether increased thirst could be an etiologic mechanism of the polyuria. This resulted in a trivial fall in urine flow rate despite a fall in body weight and a rise in both urine and plasma osmolality. In a final group, prostaglandin inhibition restored the vasopressin sensitivity of the hypercalcemic kidney. Accordingly, the polyuria seen in hypercalcemic rats after the administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is associated with an increase in urine prostaglandin E excretion and can be reversed by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In addition, this polyuria can occur independent of the thirst mechanism. Finally, there is evidence that the vasopressin resistance of the hypercalcemic kidney could be reversed by prostaglandin inhibition.

Topics: Animals; Calcitriol; Female; Hypercalcemia; Indomethacin; Kidney; Polyuria; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urine; Vasopressins

Vasopressin function and thirst were studied in fourteen hypercalcaemic patients (ten hyperparathyroid and four disseminated malignant disease). Ten patients had decreased renal concentrating ability which reversed within a few days in the majority of patients whose hypercalcaemia was corrected by parathyroidectomy. Although eight patients complained of thirst, none showed a lowered threshold of thirst appreciation during hypertonic saline infusion. Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion was not reduced in any patient, but the hyperparathyroid group had an exaggerated vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation. We conclude that a partial, reversible nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs in at least 70% of hypercalcaemic patients irrespective of cause, which accounts for the polyuria induced by hypercalcaemia.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Parathyroid Glands; Thirst; Vasopressins

Topics: Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Calcium; Calmodulin; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Kidney; Osteolysis; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cushing Syndrome; Erythropoietin; Gonadotropins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Insulin; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Pigmentation Disorders; Vasopressins

Topics: Bronchial Neoplasms; Cushing Syndrome; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Vasopressins

Topics: Blood Volume; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Nephrotic Syndrome; Potassium Deficiency; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis; Urogenital Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Ectopic production and secretion of hormones by a wide variety of tumors were initially recognized by signs and symptoms of excess circulating biologically active hormone. With the development of more sophisticated and sensitive techniques, it has become apparent that not all tumors secrete biologically active hormones. Some altered forms of polypeptide hormones may be in very high concentrations immunologically but be inactive biologically. On the other hand, polypeptide hormones may circulate at concentrations too low to induce clinical signs and symptoms. Consequently, new ectopic humoral syndromes have been recognized and the incidence of previously described syndromes has become considerably greater than previously recognized. Every hormone known to be normally secreted by endocrine organs or the placenta has been documented to be secreted ectopically by a wide variety of tumors. Moreover, several of those hormones may be used as biochemical markers of malignancy for both screening and monitoring of patients with documented or suspected tumors.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Growth Hormone; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Luteinizing Hormone; Neoplasms; Neurophysins; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Placental Lactogen; Vasopressins

The diffusional water permeabilities of collecting ducts in the presence and absence of antidiuretic hormone have been measured in isolated papillae from normal, hypokalaemic and hypercalcaemic rats. In a similar in vitro situation the effect of antidiuretic hormone on the papillary content of cyclic AMP has been measured. The diffusional water permeability of collecting ducts in the absence of antidiuretic hormone did not differ significantly in papillae taken from the different groups of rats. The diffusional water permeability in the presence of ADH was 7.4 +/- 0.2 (S.E.M.) mum s-1 in collecting ducts taken from normal rats. In collecting ducts taken from hypokalaemic or hypercalcaemic rats the corresponding values were 5.9 +/- 0.3 and 5.8 +/- 0.5 mum s-1 respectively. This significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in the response to antidiuretic hormone would shift the point at which distal tubule fluid first attains isotonicity with the interstitium. If this shifts from cortex to medulla a greater amount of water enters the interstitium of the medulla and produces an impairment of maximal urinary concentrating ability and this defect could explain most of the observed results in hypokalaemic and hypercalcaemic. Cyclic AMP content of the tissue after the addition of ADH was reduced in papillae taken from hypokalaemic rats. This reduced activation of adenyl cyclase could be the mechanism responsible for the impaired response in water permeability but it is also possible that there is interference, with the chain of reactions mediating permeability changes, at a separate site.

Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cyclic AMP; Female; Hypercalcemia; Hypokalemia; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Medulla; Rats; Vasopressins; Water

The exact prevalence of the humoral syndromes associated with neoplasm is not known but it seems clear that they exist more commonly than is realized. Hormonal syndromes are very often seen in patients with carcinoma of the lung. Awareness of the large number of ectopic hormonal syndromes in patients with tumors can lead to early diagnosis, treatment, and herald recurrence. They may be responsible for new signs and symptoms which can be life-shortening. Hormonal causes of clinical deterioration must be considered before concluding that symptoms are due to metastases in patients with neoplastic disease. Tumors are chemically active and the important concept which has had great impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and basic understanding of mechanisms, which are important to endocrinologists and oncologists has been stated by Liddle: "Certain tumors of nonendocrine tissue can produce hormones that are similar to normal hormones except that their production is not appropriately controlled by normal physiologic mechanisms." Survival and quality of life can be reduced in patients with the metabolic complications of these humors. The list of humoral substances released by tumors is growing as technologic advances lead to their detection. Other chemical substances produced by neoplastic tissue may have biologic activity which impacts on the patient's clinical condition and which we cannot recognize, at this time, because the techniques to detect them have not been developed. If there are signs or symptoms of overproduction of a hormone, search for a tumor; if a patient has a tumor, search for biologically active substances.

Topics: Cushing Syndrome; Erythropoietin; Hormones; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypoglycemia; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Bone Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Female; Genes, Regulator; Genetic Code; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Parathyroid Hormone; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

A possible association between the impairment of urinary concentrating ability and an impairment of the vasopressin-dependent cyclic AMP system in hypercalcemia was investigated in rat kidneys both in vivo and in vitro. The increases of urinary osmolality and negative free water clearance and the increase of urinary cyclic AMP excretion by vasopressin injection were significantly less in the hypercalcemic rats than in the control rats. The increase of cyclic AMP concentration by vasopressin in renal medullary tissue was significantly less in the slices obtained from the hypercalcem'c rats than in those obtained from the control rats. The activation of adenylate cyclase by vasopressin was significantly less in the group with an increased concentration of calcium in media than the control group, but phosphodiesterase activity was not affected by calcium concentration in the media. These data suggest that the impaired urinary concentrating ability in hypercalcemic kidneys is due at least in part to the direct inhibitory effect of calcium on the vasopressin-dependent cyclic AMP system at the level of adenylate cyclase in renal medulla.

Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Cyclic AMP; Hypercalcemia; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Medulla; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Rats; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cushing Syndrome; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Hypercalcemia; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cushing Syndrome; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyponatremia; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Hormone; Precancerous Conditions; Vasopressins

Investigation of a patient with hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, and nephrocalcinosis failed to lead to a clear diagnosis. Neither primary hyperparathyroidism nor primary incomplete renal tubular acidosis could explain all the biochemical features, and it seems that more than one fundamental abnormality may have been present.

Topics: Acidosis; Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Adolescent; Ammonium Chloride; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Nephrocalcinosis; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphates; Urine; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythrocytes; Female; Gastrins; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperplasia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Male; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Metabolic Diseases; Neoplasms; Neurologic Manifestations; Polycythemia; Prognosis; Puberty, Precocious; Vasopressins

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenalectomy; Androgens; Androstanols; Breast Neoplasms; Estrogens; Female; Hirsutism; Hormones; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypertension; Hypophysectomy; Male; Nandrolone; Norethindrone; Ovarian Neoplasms; Progesterone; Prostatic Neoplasms; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Female; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyponatremia; Neoplasm Metastasis; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkalosis; Autoimmune Diseases; Bone Diseases; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyponatremia; Lung Neoplasms; Metabolic Diseases; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neurologic Manifestations; Neuromuscular Diseases; Skin Diseases; Skin Manifestations; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Arginine; Calcium Chloride; Hepatectomy; Hypercalcemia; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nephrectomy; Rabbits; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Cryptococcosis; Granuloma; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Nephrocalcinosis; Radiography, Thoracic; Vasopressins

In an unselected series of 185 patients with histologically confirmed bronchial carcinoma 16 had endocrine disturbances attributable to the tumour (excluding pulmonary osteoarthropathy). Of these, 11 patients had hypercalcaemia; three inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone; one Cushing's disease; three hypertrophic osteoarthropathy; and one gynaecomastia. Cushing's disease and inappropriate antidiuresis are specifically associated with oat-cell tumours, and hypercalcaemia occurs most frequently with squamous carcinoma. A negative correlation exists between gynaecomastia and osteoarthropathy on the one hand and oat-cell carcinoma on the other.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chlorides; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypercalcemia; Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic; Sodium; Urea; Vasopressins

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Tubules; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Pyelonephritis; Sodium; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Endocrine System Diseases; Fludrocortisone; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypokalemia; Hyponatremia; Male; Plasma Volume; Vasopressins

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diuresis; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Vasopressins

Topics: Afibrinogenemia; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Bone Diseases; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Collagen Diseases; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Fibrinolysis; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lung Neoplasms; Muscular Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic; Pathology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Spinal Cord; Thrombophlebitis; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins

Topics: Biopsy; Black People; Chlorothiazide; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypertonic Solutions; Kidney Diseases; Pathology; Prednisone; Sarcoidosis; Skin Tests; Vasopressins

Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Blood Proteins; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Calcium, Dietary; Chromatography, Gel; Hypercalcemia; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Protein Binding; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Vasopressins

Topics: Addison Disease; Arginine Vasopressin; Avena; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Cushing Syndrome; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperthyroidism; Hyponatremia; Hypotension; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Metabolism; Pathology; Physiology; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Sodium; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cushing Syndrome; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic; Diabetic Nephropathies; Endocrine Glands; Endocrine System Diseases; Hormones; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypothyroidism; Liver Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Nephrosis; Polycythemia; Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism; Vasopressins

Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypercalcemia; Kidney; Permeability; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Vasopressins

Topics: Calcium; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Vasopressins