pituitrin and Erectile-Dysfunction

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the primary effector of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Ang II exerts its diverse physiologic actions via angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors. Recent evidence shows that tissue RAS exists in the penis, therefore indicating a significant role for Ang II in erectile function.. To summarize the recent findings on the importance of Ang II in normal erection physiology and the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED).. This article reviews the literature that relates to the role of RAS in the regulation of erectile function.. Evidence in the literature on the association between Ang II and the development of ED.. Elevated Ang II levels contribute to the development of ED in humans and different animal models. Pharmacologic therapy interrupting RAS may be beneficial for patients with ED.. Studies have demonstrated that RAS is crucial in erectile function. Better understanding of the signaling pathways mediating Ang II physiologic actions will provide important information for the treatment of ED.

Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Muscle, Smooth; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Penis; Renin-Angiotensin System; rho-Associated Kinases; Signal Transduction; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoconstriction; Vasopressins

The efficacy of acupuncture as a mono-therapy was evaluated in a pilot study of 16 patients suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED). In nine patients no organic co-morbidity was encountered. In a period of four weeks, acupuncture treatment was performed twice a week for a total of eight sessions. Each treatment session consisted of puncture of the same eight acupoints, four of which were connected to a Swiss made constant current Doltron ESA 600 stimulator. Low frequency electrical stimulation (5 Hz and 10 mA) was applied to these four acupoints, whereas no stimulation was applied to the other four points. After 30min, the electrical stimulation was terminated and all needles removed. Blood samples were drawn according to a fixed time schedule, to study the profile of a number of stress hormones, for example, adrenocorticotropic hormone, antidiuretic hormone and cortisol, the gonadotrophines follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone, and the sex steroid testosterone and its binding globulin, within the treatment period. Based on a diary of both patient and partner, and an interview one month after the end of treatment, the changes of sexual activity were evaluated over a period of 12 weeks, starting from the four weeks prior to the treatment, the four weeks during the treatment period and the four weeks after the treatment. An improvement of the quality of erection was experienced by 15% of patients, while 31% reported an increase in their sexual activity. No changes in the profiles of hormones were detected. The use of acupuncture as a mono-therapeutic modality in ED, did not influence the profile of the stress and sex hormones, but did improve the quality of erection and restored the sexual activity with an overall effect of 39%. No definite conclusions can be drawn from this pilot study. A controlled and blinded study including more patients will be needed before any definitive conclusion can be reached.

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Coitus; Electroacupuncture; Erectile Dysfunction; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Penile Erection; Pilot Projects; Prolactin; Vasopressins