pituitrin and Endocrine-System-Diseases

Due to the proximity of craniopharyngiomas to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, most children and adolescents presenting with these tumors will exhibit significant endocrine dysfunction. After treatment, these impairments can become a major cause of morbidity and mortality.. The postoperative course of children undergoing surgery for craniopharyngioma is reviewed.. Even if hormone levels seem to be adequate in the short term after treatment, deficiencies may develop over years and need to be monitored closely.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Craniopharyngioma; Endocrine System; Endocrine System Diseases; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Neurophysins; Pituitary Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Protein Precursors; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

VASOPRESSIN: The action of vasopressin (AVP) is not limited to regulating water excretion but also plays an essential role in regulating the corticotropic axis during stress. PHYSIOLOGY: Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. It acts on 3 types of receptors (RV). RV1a are vascular receptors mediating the vasoconstrictor and glycogenolytic effects of the hormone. Anterior pituitary RV1b or V3 mediate stimulating effects on the corticotropic axis. Renal RV2 regulate water and urea excretion. Hypothetical extrarenal RV2 would be responsible for the vasodilator and procoagulant effects of the hormone. MODIFICATIONS IN ENDOCRINE DISEASES: Pituitary or adrenal hypocorticism syndromes include hyponatremia with secondary plasma hypoosmolality and reduced glomerular filtration due to the direct effect of glucocorticoids and also the effect of vasopressinism. Certain endogenous hypercorticisms appear to be related to an overexpression of RV: in ACTH-independent Cushingís syndrome, adrenal overexpression of eutopic RV1a, and in ACTH-dependent Cushingís syndrome, pituitary overexpression of eutopic RV1b or ectopic RV2. In addition, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is frequent after transphenoidal surgery, particularly for corticotropic adenomas. DYNAMIC TESTS: The physiological response of ACTH and also AVP to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in the petrous sinus, the unusual responses of certain corticotropic tumors to dDAVP, or certain forms of ACTH-independent hypercortisolism to lysine vasopressin (LVP) suggest excessive or ectopic expression of RV in corticotropic or adrenal cells: tumorgenesis of these cells could also depend, at least partially, on AVP.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amino Acids; Arginine; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Vasopressins

The endocrine response to stress is complex. Elevations in the serum concentrations of the "classic" stress hormones, epinephrine and cortisol, occur following many kinds of physiologic challenge and are accompanied by elevations in corticotropin, GH, and glucagon levels. These changes are probably responsible for the hyperglycemia and hypercatabolism common to most critical illness. If volume depletion is present, vasopressin, renin, and aldosterone secretion are also likely to be stimulated. These hormones, if present in excess, may produce fluid retention and hyponatremia. In some critically ill patients, there is a dissociation of renin and aldosterone production called hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism, but the clinical importance of this syndrome is poorly understood. Thyroid hormone metabolism is commonly affected by critical illness, which results in characteristic abnormalities of thyroid function testing known as the euthyroid sick syndrome. The reproductive axis is exquisitely sensitive to physiologic stress; hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a common finding in critical illness. The ongoing challenge to the clinician is to determine whether seemingly abnormal hormone measurements in critically ill patients reflect an appropriate homeostatic response to severe illness or, instead, whether they denote an independent metabolic disorder that might actually cause or contribute to the patient's unstable condition. In view of the exceedingly complex (and poorly understood) interactions involved in the human response to a severe illness, a thoughtful approach to the whole patient is essential and far preferable to indiscriminate hormone testing. Such testing, at best, may be uninterpretable in light of the clinical circumstances or, at worst, may lead to therapeutic misadventures.

Topics: Acute Disease; Catecholamines; Emergencies; Endocrine System Diseases; Glucagon; Glucocorticoids; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Growth Hormone; Humans; Renin-Angiotensin System; Thyroid Hormones; Vasopressins

Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Calcium; Cyclic AMP; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Ions; Pituitary Hormones; Prostaglandins; Renin; Renin-Angiotensin System; Vasopressins

Clinical disorders of water regulation are relatively common and occur with severity ranging from profound and easily recognizable disturbance of body water balance to mild and often clinically inapparent. The development of sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay procedures capable of quantitating the level of AVP in plasma and urine has allowed elucidation of the pathophysiology of many of the disorders whether due to deficiency of ADH secretion and action or to excessive or persistent hormone release. In turn, the understanding of the factors regulating ADH release and action has led to establishment and validation of a variety of procedures that by indirect means allow estimation of extent of hormone action. These procedures based on physiologic influences that stimulate or inhibit ADH release or action are simple, readily available, and relatively inexpensive, and are capable of making an accurate diagnosis of a water-losing or water-retaining disorder. Properly performed and interpreted, such tests as water deprivation, saline infusion, comparison of urine and serum osmolality, and water loading can obviate the need for AVP immunoassays in evaluating most clinical disorders of water regulation. The immunoassay of AVP, although a valuable tool for the study of normal and pathologic physiology of ADH, is rarely necessary to firmly establish a clinical diagnosis and may itself be the source of misleading conclusions if its limitations are not fully appreciated.

Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Body Water; Dehydration; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Osmolar Concentration; Radioimmunoassay; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Diabetes Mellitus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Endocrine System Diseases; Gonadotropins; Hormones; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Neuromuscular Diseases; Obesity; Parathyroid Hormone; Receptor, Insulin; Receptors, Cell Surface; Syndrome; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Endocrine System Diseases; Endorphins; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Hypothalamic Hormones; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxytocin; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones; Pituitary Hormones; Somatostatin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Vasopressins

The clinical features, genetics, pathophysiology, and management of endocrine diseases in which primary hormone resistance is the fundamental defect have been reviewed. Primary hormone resistance has been documented for nearly all hormones--vasopressin, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, adrenocroticotropin, thyrotropin, gonadotropins, insulin, androgens, cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone, thyroid hormones, and vitamin D. A striking exception is estradiol, a steroid that may be vital for early embryonic development. Most of the hormone unresponsiveness syndromes represent only partial defects, and it is likely that most such patients go unrecognized. Therefore, hormone resistance should be suspected not only when a patient presents with hypofunction of particular endocrine system combined with high endogenous hormone levels but also whenever apparently normal function of an endocrine system is associated with inappropriately elevated levels of the corresponding hormone. The value of these defects in hormone responsiveness as a natural laboratory for the study of the normal mechanisms of hormone action is discussed.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Diabetes Insipidus; Endocrine System Diseases; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Growth Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Parathyroid Hormone; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Diabetes Insipidus; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Neurophysins; Osmolar Concentration; Oxytocin; Pituitary Function Tests; Polyuria; Radioimmunoassay; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Cortisone; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Endocrine System Diseases; Hormones; Humans; Learning; Memory; Mental Disorders; MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Peptides; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Psychotropic Drugs; Schizophrenia; Somatomedins; Somatostatin; Steroids; Substance P; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

A variety of cells found in the pituitary and pineal glands, sympathetic nervous system and adrenal glands, the gut, pancreas, thyroid (C-cells), chemoreceptors (type I-Cells), lungs (P-cells), skin (melanocytes) and the urogenital tract have a common origin from the neural crest. These cells are programmed for neuro-endocrine function and, as a group, can be regarded as one of the physiological control systems. They secrete a variety of amine and peptide hormones and have common cytochemical characteristics from which the term APUD cell is derived. Tumours of these cells are referred to as 'apudomas' and may synthesise not only their own hormones but also those which are normally produced by other APUD cells. The relevant physiological properties of some of the peptides which have been described relatively recently are discussed and the principal clinical syndromes produced by the APUDomas are described.

Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; APUD Cells; Apudoma; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hormones; Humans; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Pheochromocytoma; Pituitary Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adult; Carcinoid Heart Disease; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Hyponatremia; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Carcinoma, Small Cell; Central Nervous System Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hyponatremia; Kidney; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Osmolar Concentration; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Syndrome; Vasopressins; Water Intoxication; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Gonadotropins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Hormone; Thymus Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Acanthosis Nigricans; Carcinoid Tumor; Carotid Body Tumor; Catecholamines; Cushing Syndrome; Dermatomyositis; Endocrine System Diseases; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Neoplasms; Neuromuscular Diseases; Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Polycythemia; Puberty, Precocious; Syndrome; Toxins, Biological; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bronchial Neoplasms; Endocrine System Diseases; Gonadotropins; Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Metabolic Diseases; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Anencephaly; Cavernous Sinus; Cerebral Angiography; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Endocrine System Diseases; Feedback; Hemianopsia; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Nervous System Diseases; Neurosecretion; Phlebography; Pituitary Hormones, Posterior; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pneumoencephalography; Sella Turcica; Vasopressins; Water Deprivation

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Chemistry, Clinical; Dexamethasone; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamus; Insulin; Lysine; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Pyrogens; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Chemistry, Clinical; Dexamethasone; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamus; Insulin; Lysine; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Pyrogens; Vasopressins

Topics: Central Nervous System Diseases; Child; Edema; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hyponatremia; Hypopituitarism; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Child; Dwarfism, Pituitary; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Pedigree; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Hormones; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Insulin; Luteinizing Hormone; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Hormone; Polycythemia; Puberty, Precocious; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Calcitonin; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Gastrins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Insulin; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Serotonin; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Acromegaly; Addison Disease; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Cushing Syndrome; Diabetes Insipidus; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypopituitarism; Hypothyroidism; Kidney; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Breast Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Gynecomastia; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Insulin; Lysine; Pyrogens; Vasopressins

Panayiotopoulos syndrome is a benign idiopathic childhood epilepsy characterized by altered autonomic activity at seizure onset.. Three siblings with Panayiotopoulos syndrome underwent 24-hour EEG recording and head-up tilt testing with continuous blood pressure and RR interval monitoring. Plasma catecholamines and vasopressin were measured while supine, upright, and during a typical seizure.. Patient 1, a 12-year-old girl, had a history of involuntary lacrimation, abdominal pain, and recurrent episodes of loss of muscle tone and unresponsiveness followed by somnolence. Her EEG revealed bilateral frontotemporal spikes. Patient 2, a 10-year-old boy, had episodic headaches with pinpoint pupils, skin flushing of the face, trunk, and extremities, purple discoloration of hands and feet, diaphoresis, nausea, and vomiting. Tilt testing triggered a typical seizure after 9 minutes; there was a small increase in blood pressure (+5/4 mm Hg, systolic/diastolic) and pronounced increases in heart rate (+59 bpm) and norepinephrine (+242 pg/mL), epinephrine (+175 pg/mL), and vasopressin (+22.1 pg/mL) plasma concentrations. Serum glucose was elevated (206 mg/dL). His EEG revealed right temporal and parietal spikes. Patient 3, an 8-year-old boy, had a history of restless legs at night, enuresis, night terrors, visual hallucinations, cyclic abdominal pain, and nausea. His EEG showed bitemporal spikes.. Hypertension, tachycardia, and the release of vasopressin suggest activation of the central autonomic network during seizures in familial Panayiotopoulos syndrome. These autonomic and neuroendocrine features may be useful in the diagnosis and may have therapeutic implications.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Catecholamines; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electroencephalography; Endocrine System Diseases; Epilepsy, Benign Neonatal; Epilepsy, Rolandic; Female; Humans; Male; Plethysmography; Siblings; Spectrum Analysis; Vasopressins

The extent of neuroendocrine dysfunction (NED) has not been well defined in critically ill children and likely varies significantly from that in adults. We sought to define the prevalence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in a group of children in a multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit and determine the relationship of neuroendocrine dysfunction with severity of illness and presence of sepsis.. Prospective observational study in a pediatric intensive care unit at a referral childrens hospital. Blood samples were evaluated within 12 hrs of admission for serum cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone, total triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyroine (rT3), free thyroxine, and arginine vasopressin. Pediatric risk of mortality, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction scores, and length of stay were calculated.. Seventy-three children were enrolled over a 13-month period. Median patient age was 72 months (range, 3-228 months). Overall prevalence of absolute adrenal insufficiency ranged from 7% to 58% based on cortisol cutoff chosen. Presence of absolute adrenal insufficiency, low T3 syndrome (LT3S), or vasopressin insufficiency did not differ between septic or nonseptic patients. NED did not correlate with pediatric logistic organ dysfunction, Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score III, length of stay, or mortality. Prevalence of multiple NED was 62% (28 of 45 children), where 62% had 2 neurohormonal deficiencies and 24% had 3 neurohormonal deficiencies.. NED is common in both septic and nonseptic critically ill children in a single pediatric intensive care unit. Larger scale studies are necessary to determine whether presence of NED, or specific combinations of neurohormonal dysfunction, is important in predicting outcomes or benefit of early hormonal replacement therapies in critically ill children.

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; APACHE; Cause of Death; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Critical Illness; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Multiple Organ Failure; Neurosecretory Systems; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Survival Analysis; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Incidence; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Survival Rate; Vasopressins

Schizophrenia, many believe, reflects an enhanced vulnerability to psychological stress. Controlled exposure to stressors, however, has produced inconclusive results, particularly with regards to neurohormones. Some of the variability may be attributable to the nature and psychological significance of the stimulus and failure to control physiologic confounds. In addition, it is possible that the heterogeneity of schizophrenia is an important factor. In a carefully designed study and in a controlled setting, we measured the neuroendocrine response of eight polydipsic hyponatremic (PHS), seven polydipsic normonatremic (PNS), and nine nonpolydipsic normonatremic (NNS) (ie normal water balance) schizophrenic in-patients as well as 12 healthy controls (HC) to two different stressors: one of which appears to influence neuroendocrine secretion through its psychological (cold pressor) and the other (upright posture) through its systemic actions. Subjects in the three psychiatric groups were stabilized and acclimated to the research setting, and all received saline to normalize plasma osmolality. Following the cold pressor, plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol levels showed a more prolonged rise in PHS patients relative to PNS patients. NNS patients, in contrast, exhibited blunted responses relative to both of the polydipsic groups and the HC. Peak vasopressin responses were also greater in PHS and blunted in NNS patients. Responses to the postural stimulus were similar across patient groups. These findings provide a mechanism for life threatening water intoxication in schizophrenia; help to reconcile conflicting findings of stress responsiveness in schizophrenia; and potentially identify a discrete patient subset with enhanced vulnerability to psychological stress.

Topics: Adult; Cold Temperature; Drinking; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hyponatremia; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosecretory Systems; Schizophrenia; Stress, Psychological; Thirst; Vasopressins; Water Intoxication; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

The incidence of anorexia nervosa is increasing in adolescents. The pediatrician caring for teenagers is often the first professional confronted with the early signs and symptoms of this disorder. Clinical features and available literature on the psychological, nutritional, and family disorganization found in patients with anorexia nervosa are reviewed. Different therapeutic approaches are discussed, and current data on outcome are presented.

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Temperature Regulation; Endocrine System Diseases; Family Characteristics; Female; Gonadotropins; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Prognosis; Thyroid Gland; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Angiotensins; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Catecholamines; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Female; Gastrins; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Renal Dialysis; Renin; Thyroid Gland; Uremia; Vasopressins

Topics: Aldosterone; Calcium; Diabetes Insipidus; Electrolytes; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Parathyroid Diseases; Parathyroid Hormone; Sodium; Thyroid Diseases; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

Topics: Adrenal Insufficiency; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Catecholamines; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Insipidus; Emotions; Endocrine System Diseases; Growth Disorders; Hormones; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypopituitarism; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Vasopressins

The concentration of serum sodium is determined by the external balance of water. Hyponatremia occurs when total body water is in excess of sodium, and hypernatremia develops when body water is relatively decreased in relation to sodium. Both disorders may be present in patients with various disease states in which total body sodium is either decreased, normal or increased. The symptomatology in both disorders is related to the disturbance in central nervous system due to brain edema in patients with hyponatremia and brain dehydration, and cerebrovascular hemorrhages in patients with hypernatremia. The treatment of hypo and hypernatremia is achieved by correcting the abnormalities in body water content.

Topics: Adult; Blood Volume; Edema; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hyponatremia; Infant; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Diseases; Syndrome; Thirst; Vasopressins; Water; Water Loss, Insensible

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Circadian Rhythm; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Hypothalamus; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Vasopressins

Topics: Coma; Diet Therapy; Electroencephalography; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Hyponatremia; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney Function Tests; Middle Aged; Natriuresis; Potassium; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Sodium; Vasopressins; Water

Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythrocytes; Female; Gastrins; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperplasia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Male; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Metabolic Diseases; Neoplasms; Neurologic Manifestations; Polycythemia; Prognosis; Puberty, Precocious; Vasopressins

Topics: Acromegaly; Edema; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperthyroidism; Hyponatremia; Hypothyroidism; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Injections, Intramuscular; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Vasopressins

Topics: Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Endocrine System Diseases; Estrogens; Gynecomastia; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium; Vasopressins

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Stimulation, Chemical; Thyroid Gland; Vasopressins

Topics: Aged; Bone and Bones; Calcitonin; Diphosphates; Endocrine System Diseases; Glycosaminoglycans; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Growth Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Thyroid Hormones; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Clomiphene; Craniocerebral Trauma; Endocrine System Diseases; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypoglycemia; Hypopituitarism; Insulin; Laurence-Moon Syndrome; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Puberty, Precocious; Radioimmunoassay; Turner Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkalosis; Autoimmune Diseases; Bone Diseases; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyponatremia; Lung Neoplasms; Metabolic Diseases; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neurologic Manifestations; Neuromuscular Diseases; Skin Diseases; Skin Manifestations; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins

Topics: Aged; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hyponatremia; Sodium; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Contusions; Craniocerebral Trauma; Electrocardiography; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vasopressins

In an unselected series of 185 patients with histologically confirmed bronchial carcinoma 16 had endocrine disturbances attributable to the tumour (excluding pulmonary osteoarthropathy). Of these, 11 patients had hypercalcaemia; three inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone; one Cushing's disease; three hypertrophic osteoarthropathy; and one gynaecomastia. Cushing's disease and inappropriate antidiuresis are specifically associated with oat-cell tumours, and hypercalcaemia occurs most frequently with squamous carcinoma. A negative correlation exists between gynaecomastia and osteoarthropathy on the one hand and oat-cell carcinoma on the other.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chlorides; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypercalcemia; Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic; Sodium; Urea; Vasopressins

Topics: Central Nervous System Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hyponatremia; Kidney Tubules; Lung Diseases; Neoplasms; Osmolar Concentration; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Biological Assay; Brain Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child; Edema; Endocrine System Diseases; Glioblastoma; Humans; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Pituitary Diseases; Renin; Sodium Chloride; Vasopressins

Topics: Arginine; Child; Deficiency Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Fasting; Growth; Growth Disorders; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Radioimmunoassay; Stimulation, Chemical; Turner Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Catecholamines; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hypotension; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Hormone; Thyroxine; Vasopressins

Topics: Acromegaly; Adenoma; Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamus; Injections, Intramuscular; Lysine; Male; Metyrapone; Middle Aged; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Endocrine System Diseases; Fludrocortisone; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypokalemia; Hyponatremia; Male; Plasma Volume; Vasopressins

Topics: Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Endocrine System Diseases; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hyponatremia; Infections; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Myxedema; Pituitary Diseases; Porphyrias; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Insufficiency; Ascites; Brain Injuries; Diabetes Insipidus; Eclampsia; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adult; Anuria; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Thirst; Vasopressins

Topics: Adult; Brain Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Male; Mesencephalon; Prednisolone; Sarcoidosis; Vasopressins

The insulin test carried out with adequate safeguards under standardized conditions yields valuable information regarding hypothalamic and pituitary function when plasma levels of sugar, cortisol, and growth hormone are determined. The use of a test based on the plasma cortisol response to the infusion of lysine-vasopressin, a polypeptide with a corticotrophin-releasing action, is also of value as a test of pituitary function. Used in conjunction with the insulin test it enables pituitary disorders to be differentiated from those involving the hypothalamus.

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Blood; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypoglycemia; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Insulin; Lysine; Male; Pituitary Diseases; Pituitary Function Tests; Stress, Physiological; Urine; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Brain Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Oxytocin; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Afibrinogenemia; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Bone Diseases; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Collagen Diseases; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Fibrinolysis; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Lung Neoplasms; Muscular Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic; Pathology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Spinal Cord; Thrombophlebitis; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins

Topics: Craniocerebral Trauma; Diagnosis; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Pathology; Urine; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Carcinoid Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carotid Body Tumor; Catecholamines; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Polycythemia Vera; Puberty, Precocious; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Amenorrhea; Anorexia Nervosa; Diabetes Insipidus; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Hypopituitarism; Metabolism; Obesity; Psychology; Psychosomatic Medicine; Psychotherapy; Syndrome; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cushing Syndrome; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic; Diabetic Nephropathies; Endocrine Glands; Endocrine System Diseases; Hormones; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypothyroidism; Liver Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Nephrosis; Polycythemia; Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism; Vasopressins