pituitrin and Dyspepsia

Functional diseases of the stomach include visceral hypersensitivity, gastric dysrhythmias, dysfunction of gastric fundus and acommodation, functional diseases of antrum and gastroparesis. A common symptom of this diseases is dyspepsia. A background of dyspepsia state functional and organic abnormalities of upper gastrointestinal tract. The most serious abnormality is gastroparesis. In this review we provide an overview of functional gastroparesis focusing on postoperative and hormonal related gastric dysfunction.

Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Dyspepsia; Gastric Emptying; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastroparesis; Glucagon; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Stomach; Vasopressins

This study investigated whether the curative effect of short-pulse gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on the vasopressin-induced dyspeptic symptoms was mediated by central opioid peptide-producing neurons. Five female beagle dogs implanted with 1 pair of electrodes in gastric serosa were used in a two-experiment study. In experiment one, the brain was scanned by positron emission tomography in 3 dogs with and without short-pulse GES, and the radioactivity in nuclei of solitary tract (NST) and hypothalamus was detected. Experiment two was composed of 4 sessions. In session one, the dogs were injected with vasopressin in the absence of short-pulse GES. With session two, the short-pulse GES was simultaneously given via the electrodes with the injection of vasopressin. In sessions three and four, naloxone and naloxone methiodide was administered respectively in the presence of short-pulse GES. Motion sickness-like symptoms were scored and compared among the different sessions. The results showed that the short-pulse GES significantly increased the radioactivity in NST and hypothalamic nuclei (P<0.05, vs control). The short-pulse GES could ameliorate the vasopressin-induced motion sickness-like symptoms in dogs. Naloxone, but not naloxone methiodide could attenuate the curative effects of short-pulse GES. It is concluded that NST and hypothalamic nuclei may participate in the mediation of the curative effects of short-pulse GES on dyspepsia-like symptoms. Central opioid peptide-containing neurons presumably mediate the therapeutic effect on dyspeptic symptoms of short-pulse GES.

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Dyspepsia; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Hypothalamus; Neurons; Opioid Peptides; Solitary Nucleus; Vasopressins

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among motility disorders, dyspeptic symptoms, and plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in cancer patients who were well controlled for post-chemotherapy emesis.. Twenty-five cancer patients treated with standard dosages of antiemetics and chemotherapies completed the study. Gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated by detailed questionnaire and visual analog score. Motility was investigated by cutaneous electrogastrography, and by blood levels of gastrin, serotonin, vasopressin, and substance P, before and 7 days after chemotherapy.. Before chemotherapy, no patient complained of dyspeptic symptoms, and no differences in electrogastrography (EGG) or in circulating peptide levels were found between patients who developed dyspepsia and those who did not. After chemotherapy, 13 patients suffered from dysmotility-like symptoms (total symptom score, 11.5 [2.5-37.9]; median value and 5th-95th percentiles), with susceptibility to nausea, early satiety, and postprandial fullness being the major complaints. As regards EGG parameters, a significant reduction (P = 0.04; Mann-Whitney test) in the normal slow-wave percentage and significantly increased tachygastria percentage were found in dyspeptic patients compared with symptom-free patients. The tachygastria percentage was significantly associated with susceptibility to nausea score, in a non-linear fashion (R2 = 0.37). Dyspeptic patients showed lower levels of substance P and gastrin than patients who were not dyspeptic, but this difference had no clinical significance for dyspepsia.. Chemotherapy may induce upper gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of motility disorders. These dyspeptic symptoms were associated with EGG alterations, but not with variations in circulating peptides. Other hormones or pathophysiological factors, not considered in the present work, could be actively involved in these dyspeptic symptoms.

Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Dyspepsia; Electrophysiology; Female; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Serotonin; Stomach; Substance P; Vasopressins

Topics: Acromegaly; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus; Dysautonomia, Familial; Dyspepsia; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Vasopressins