pituitrin and Deficiency-Diseases

Topics: Brain Diseases; Bronchial Neoplasms; Deficiency Diseases; Diuresis; Ethanol; Hyponatremia; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Natriuresis; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Vasopressins

Adrenocortical steroid hormones are importantly involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume. The present study was aimed at examining whether aldosterone and/or glucocorticoid regulates the abundance of aquaporin-3 (AQP3), -2, and -1 in rat kidney. In protocol 1, rats were adrenalectomized, followed by aldosterone replacement, dexamethasone replacement, or combined aldosterone and dexamethasone replacement (rats had free access to water but received a fixed amount of food). Protocol 2 was identical to protocol 1, except that all groups received fixed daily food and water intake. In both protocols 1 and 2, aldosterone deficiency was associated with increased fractional Na excretion and severe hyperkalemia. Semiquantitative immunoblotting revealed that aldosterone deficiency was associated with a dramatic downregulation of AQP3 abundance. Consistent with this, immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy revealed a marked decrease in AQP3 labeling in the basolateral plasma membranes of collecting duct principal cells. In contrast, AQP1 and AQP2 abundance and distribution were unchanged. Glucocorticoid deficiency revealed no changes in AQP3, -2, or -1 abundance. In protocol 3, Na restriction (to increase endogenous aldosterone levels) or exogenous aldosterone infusion in either normal rats or vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats was associated with a major increase in AQP3 abundance. In protocol 4, aldosterone levels were clamped by infusion of aldosterone, while Na intake was altered from a low to a high level. Under these circumstances, there were no changes in AQP3 or AQP2 abundance, although the level of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter was decreased. In conclusion, the results uniformly demonstrate that aldosterone regulates AQP3 abundance independently of Na intake. In contrast, changes in glucocorticoid levels in these models do not influence AQP3 or AQP2 abundance. Therefore, in the collecting duct aldosterone may regulate, at least in part, AQP3 expression in addition to regulating Na and K transport.

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Aldosterone; Animals; Aquaporin 3; Aquaporins; Deficiency Diseases; Glucocorticoids; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Mineralocorticoids; Natriuresis; Nitrogen; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea; Uremia; Vasopressins; Water

A boy presented with ectrodactyly (lobster claw deformity), bilateral cleft lip and palate, semilobar holoprosencephaly and microcephaly, associated with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and central diabetes insipidus. Other aspects of pituitary function were normal. We suggest that the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome can be associated with a variety of hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunctions, in addition to the already described isolated growth hormone deficiency.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Deficiency Diseases; Diabetes Insipidus; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Growth Hormone; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Holoprosencephaly; Humans; Hypogonadism; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microcephaly; Radiography; Vasopressins

Topics: Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Deficiency Diseases; Humans; Hyponatremia; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Animals; Corticosterone; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Growth Hormone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; In Vitro Techniques; Oxytocin; Pituitary Hormones; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Rats; Sodium; Vasopressins

Topics: Adolescent; Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Deficiency Diseases; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydroxysteroids; Hypogonadism; Intellectual Disability; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Obesity; Pituitary Diseases; Syndrome; Testosterone; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Volume; Body Weight; Deficiency Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hematocrit; Hyponatremia; Male; Renin; Sodium Chloride; Vasopressins

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Deficiency Diseases; Diabetes Insipidus; Female; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osmolar Concentration; Pituitary Function Tests; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pituitary Neoplasms; Polyuria; Vasopressins; Water Deprivation

Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Cortisone; Creatinine; Deficiency Diseases; Ethanol; Humans; Hyponatremia; Male; Middle Aged; Potassium; Sodium; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vasopressins; Water

Topics: Arginine; Child; Deficiency Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Fasting; Growth; Growth Disorders; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Radioimmunoassay; Stimulation, Chemical; Turner Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Deficiency Diseases; Dexamethasone; Female; Hypophysectomy; In Vitro Techniques; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Pentobarbital; Peptides; Rats; Sodium; Stimulation, Chemical; Vasopressins

1. Weanling rats fed on a synthetic diet, which was completely deficient in arginine, grew more slowly than rats fed on a similar diet which included arginine.2. No differences in the haemoglobin level or plasma protein concentration or electrophoretic pattern were found in the two groups of rats.3. The arginine-deficient rats drank less water, and excreted less urine, which was more concentrated than that of the control animals, although the solute output was reduced, and the extrarenal water losses were the same.4. The arginine-deficient animals excreted less urea, non-protein nitrogen, creatinine and total solutes. The blood urea concentration of the deficient animals was significantly higher than that of the controls, indicating that arginine deficiency had impaired the excretion of urea.5. There was no difference between the renal weights of both groups of animals when related to total body weight, nor was there a difference in the histological appearance of the kidneys.6. The amounts of arginine vasopression and oxytocin/kg body wt. stored in the neurohypophyses of both arginine-deficient and control animals were the same.

Topics: Animals; Arginine; Blood Proteins; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Deficiency Diseases; Growth; Kidney; Male; Nitrogen; Organ Size; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Rats; Urea; Urine; Vasopressins; Water