pituitrin and Cat-Diseases

A metabolic conflict occurs between increased production of easily used substrates and inhibition of their metabolism in any injured animal. The terms ebb and flow describe the dwindling and rising tides of such activity. The ebb may last 24 to 72 hours; the flow is usually over within two weeks but may last up to eight weeks or longer in more severe cases. The ebb phase corresponds to the traumatic and initial post-traumatic period when there usually is adequate substrate (oxygen, glucose, fatty acid) to meet the diminished demand of the tissues. The flow phase is the period of convalescence. The object of the organism's initial defense following injury seems to stabilize the situation during the ebb phase (preservation of the internal milieu). The longer the ebb phase can be maintained and the more substrates that can be conserved, the more likely the animal will recover during the flow phase. The ebb phase is set in motion by an injury such as hemorrhage, burns, fractures, soft tissue damage by crushing sepsis, or diarrhea. After the ebb phase, a variable, integrated response of nervous, endocrine, and metabolic systems begins, which compromises normal function to achieve specific survival objectives (that is, protection, stabilization and adaptation). Systemic changes (such as tissue catabolism) devoted to caloric needs and local growth (that is, wound repair) are all directed at the ultimate objective of survival.

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diuresis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Homeostasis; Hydrocortisone; Muscles; Nitrogen; Oxygen Consumption; Vascular Resistance; Vasopressins; Wounds and Injuries

Traumatic hypopituitarism was diagnosed in an 11-month-old male neutered cat. The presenting complaints were polydipsia, polyuria and lethargy of three months' duration. Craniocerebral trauma, as a result of a road traffic accident, had preceded the onset of clinical signs by six weeks. Neurological examination revealed right-sided mydriasis, reduced visual and tactile left forelimb placing reflexes and decreased proprioception in both the left fore- and hindlimb. Initial laboratory findings included hypernatraemia, hyperchloraemia, mild azotaemia, eosinophilia and isosthenuria. Low basal cortisol, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin growth factor-1 were noted. Subsequent to treatment with prednisolone, a water deprivation test confirmed the presence of central diabetes insipidus and therapy with synthetic antidiuretic hormone successfully ameliorated the polydipsia.

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adrenal Insufficiency; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Craniocerebral Trauma; Diabetes Insipidus; Diagnosis, Differential; Male; Vasopressins

A 5-year-old, domestic long-haired cat was presented for examination because of polydipsia, polyuria and inappropriate urination of 3 months' duration. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus was diagnosed, based on hyposthenuria with failure to concentrate urine in response to water deprivation and positive response to antidiuretic hormone administration. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide or chlorpropamide orally gave inadequate antidiuresis, but response to injections of vasopressin tannate in oil was sufficient for satisfactory management.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Insipidus; Hydrochlorothiazide; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Vasopressins

Marked polydipsia and polyuria developed subsequent to trauma in a 1 1/2-year-old male Abyssinian cat. Diabetes insipidus was suspected, inasmuch as intramuscualr vasopressin administration resulted in amelioration of polydipsia and polyuria. However, hypertonic (3%) saline solution given intravneously resulted in anuria, an indication of antidiuretic hormone activity. Polyuria and polydipsia were abolished by oral chlorpropamide therapy, which was indirect evidence for partial deficiency of antidiuretic hormone.

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Insipidus; Dogs; Male; Pituitary Gland; Polyuria; Thirst; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chronic Disease; Dehydration; Diabetes Insipidus; Hydrochlorothiazide; Kidney Diseases; Male; Urine; Vasopressins