pituitrin and Carcinoma-in-Situ

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive malignancy detected with an increasing frequency through screening mammography. One of the primary aims of therapy is to prevent local recurrence, as in situ or as invasive carcinoma, the latter arising in half of the recurrent cases. Reliable biomarkers predictive of its association with recurrence, particularly as invasive disease, are however lacking. In this study, we perform a meta-analysis of 26 studies which report somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) in 288 cases of 'pure' DCIS and 328 of DCIS associated with invasive carcinoma, along with additional unmatched cases of 145 invasive carcinoma of ductal/no special type (IDC) and 50 of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). SCNA frequencies across the genome were calculated at cytoband resolution (UCSC genome build 19) to maximally utilize the available information in published literature. Fisher's exact test was used to identify significant differences in the gain-loss distribution in each cytoband in different group comparisons. We found synchronous DCIS to be at a more advanced stage of genetic aberrations than pure DCIS and was very similar to IDC. Differences in gains and losses in each disease process (i.e. invasive or in situ) at each cytoband were used to infer evidence of selection and conservation for each cytoband and to define an evolutionary conservation scale (ECS) as a tool to identify and distinguish driver SCNA from the passenger SCNA. Using ECS, we have identified aberrations that show evidence of selection from the early stages of neoplasia (i.e. in ADH and pure DCIS) and persist in IDC; we postulate these to be driver aberrations and that their presence may predict progression to invasive disease.

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Mapping; Computational Biology; Disease Progression; DNA Copy Number Variations; Female; Humans; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neurophysins; Protein Precursors; Signal Transduction; Vasopressins

This prospective, randomized study compares, for the first time, measured blood loss at conization and within 24 hours after using either the cold knife technique or the carbon dioxide laser scalpel. One hundred and ten consecutive patients were evaluated. The median blood loss in the laser group of 55 patients was 4.6 milliliters at, and within, 24 hours after operation compared with 30.1 milliliters in the cold knife group of 55 patients. More important, however, is that the corresponding figures for the range of bleeding were 0.4 to 155.4 milliliters and 5.6 to 1,570.9 milliliters, respectively. The incidence rate for bleeding complications requiring surgical intervention was 1.8 per cet for the laser group and 14.6 per cent for the cold knife group. This difference was statistically significant, p less than 0.015--Fischer's exact test. Conization for treatment of premalignant changes of the cervix uteri will probably remain the treatment of choice for some time to come. It is our opinion that, in the future, laser conization will replace cold knife conization.

Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Laser Therapy; Methods; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Hemorrhage; Vasopressins