pituitrin and Brain-Concussion

To investigate the effects of different magnesium forms on tissue damage, cognitive and emotional behavioural impairment after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).. Rats were divided into 5 groups (control, trauma, magnesium sulphate, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetyl taurate) and following head trauma, empathy-like behaviour, anxiety-like behaviour (elevated plus maze and open field tests), and depression (forced swim test) were measured. The rats were then sacrificed 12 days later. Oxytocin, vasopressin and receptors levels in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex regions were measured. Histopathological damage (with haematoxylin-eosin staining) and apoptosis (with caspase-3 immunohistochemistry) was evaluated.. Following head trauma, anxiety-like behaviour and depression tests did not change; empathy-like behaviour deteriorated on the 3rd day and improved gradually on the 6th and 12th days. Oxytocin, vasopressin and vasopressin v1b receptor levels decreased in the amygdala; morphological damage and apoptosis were significant. Magnesium acetyl taurate effectively ameliorated histopathological deteriorations and improved vasopressin and v1b receptor levels in the amygdala. Transient deterioration of empathy-like behaviour was impeded only in magnesium taurate treatment.. Magnesium acetyl taurate can be a promising candidate agent to prevent structural and functional damage in traumatic brain injury.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Concussion; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Female; Magnesium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Vasopressin; Vasopressins

An 8-yr-old girl is presented who had periodic attacks of vomiting, psychotic depression, drowsiness, and hypertension (160/110 mm Hg) for a period of 16 months after head injury. At the initiation of the attack, serum ACTH and vasopressin levels were prominently increased (610 pg/ml and 41 microunits/ml, respectively), followed by hypercortisolemia, hyponatremia, and hypoosmolality in plasma. Serum PRL also was elevated (91 ng/ml). Responses of GH and cortisol to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and those of TSH to TRH were reduced. Urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine were increased, while dopamine (DA) excretion was reciprocally decreased, resulting in a marked elevation of the epinephrine plus norepinephrine to DA ratio during the episodes (0.4-4.5); this was normalized on attack-free days (0.08-0.25). During the attack, the concentration of homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of DA in the brain, also was reduced in cerebrospinal fluids from 70 to 23 ng/ml. The administration of methyl-dopa and reserpine effectively suppressed the recurrence of the episode. Although the exact cause of this syndrome is unknown, a periodic metabolic dysfunction of catecholamine in the central nervous system might be postulated.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Brain Concussion; Catecholamines; Child; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Insulin; Methyldopa; Periodicity; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Prolactin; Reserpine; Syndrome; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Vasopressins; Vomiting

Results of using vasopressin and pituitrin in 20 patients with memory disturbances of various genesis (due to circulatory disturbances in the vertebrobasilar system, cerebral atherosclerosis, neurasthenia, brain concussion, epilepsy) are reviewed. The therapeutic efficacy of the hormones was evaluated with the use of a complex of psychophysiological methods. Objective changes in the patients' neurological status and subjective state were taken into account. A high therapeutic efficacy of the hormones in the treatment of amnestic syndromes is demonstrated.

Topics: Adult; Amnesia, Retrograde; Basilar Artery; Brain Concussion; Brain Ischemia; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Humans; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; Male; Memory Disorders; Middle Aged; Neurasthenia; Pituitary Hormones, Posterior; Vasopressins; Vertebral Artery

Post-traumatic diabetes insipidus was observed in 14 among 702 patients with severe trauma. The cause of the abnormal vasopressin secretion may be cerebral oedema, cerebral contusion near the hypothalamus, pull on the hypophyseal stalk by displacement or gross destruction of the brainstem. The hormonal hypofunction disappears once the cerebral damage has regressed. Treatment consists of exact balancing of water and electrolyte loss, using salt-free solutions. Drug treatment with vasopressin and with ADH-secretion stimulators has given unsatisfactory results, but should be used. Seven of the 14 patients died of their injuries. The symptoms of the diabetes insipidus syndrome regressed in the survivors.

Topics: Adult; Brain Concussion; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Brain Stem; Child; Diabetes Insipidus; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Remission, Spontaneous; Vasopressins

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Concussion; Catheterization; Central Venous Pressure; Chlorides; Diabetes Insipidus; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infusions, Parenteral; Intracranial Pressure; Maxillofacial Injuries; Skull; Sodium; Urinary Catheterization; Vasopressins; Water; Water Intoxication

Topics: Adult; Blood Volume; Brain Concussion; Endocrine Glands; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Male; Nicotine; Osmolar Concentration; Perceptual Disorders; Plasma Volume; Thirst; Vasopressins